دانلود کتاب Dao Companion to Liang Shuming’s Philosophy

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Acknowledgements Contents Contributors Chapter 1: Introduction 1 A Mosaic of Liang’s Thought 2 Overview References Chapter 2: Liang Shuming: A Life 1 Introduction 2 Family Background 3 Father and Son 4 Buddhism 5 Quest for a Program of Revival 6 Emergence of Rural Reconstruction 7 War Years 8 Liang and Mao: Final Chapter 9 The Cultural Revolution 10 Resurrection and Concluding Mortality References Chapter 3: Liang the Buddhist 1 Introduction 2 The Diversity of Viewpoints in Yogācāra 3 The First Period (1913–1916): “Other-Worldly Teaching for Saving All Sentient Beings” 4 The Second Period (1917–1921): “Return to the This-Worldly Realm” 5 Conclusion References Chapter 4: Liang the Bergsonian 1 Introduction: Liang Shuming and Bergsonism 2 Liang Shuming: A Reader of Bergson 3 Liang Shuming: A Buddhist Reader of Bergson? 4 Liang Shuming: A Confucian Reader of Bergson? 5 Liang Shuming: A Lifelong Reader of Bergson? References Chapter 5: Liang the Philosopher of Culture 1 Introduction: The Crisis of Chinese Culture in the Nineteenth–Twentieth Centuries 2 Liang’s Dong-Xi wenhua ji qi zhexue 東西文化及其哲學 (1921) as an Answer to His Quest for Solving the Problem of Chinese Culture 3 Cultural Thought of Liang’s Rural Reconstruction Program 4 Liang’s Zhongguo wenhua yaoyi 中國文化要義 as a Quintessence of His Understanding of Chinese Culture 5 Conclusion References Chapter 6: Liang the Philosopher of Religion 1 Introduction 2 Concept of Religion 3 Critiques of Religion as Institution 4 Confucianism: Not a Religion But Like a Religion 5 Religious Quest Aiming at Buddhist Liberation 6 Discourse on the Spirits and the Shentong 7 Relevance of Liang’s Philosophy of Religion References Chapter 7: Liang the Philosopher of Living: On the Counter-Enlightenment Thought of Liang Shuming During the 1920s 1 Introduction 2 The Sources of Liang’s Counter-Enlightenment Thought 3 The Meeting of the Chinese and Western Worldviews and Attitudes Towards Life 4 Conflicts in Metaphysics: Becoming Rather Than Being 4.1 From Buddhist Voluntarism to Philosophy of Living 4.2 Philosophy of Living and the Chinese Tradition 5 Epistemology of the Philosophy of Living and of the Chinese Language and Learning 5.1 The Nature and Functions of Intuition 5.2 Art, Holism, and the Non-logical Spirit 6 Ethical and Social Philosophy 6.1 Buddhist and Confucian Legacies 6.2 Critique of Utilitarianism and the Western Lifestyle 6.3 Reification and Alienation in Capitalism 6.4 Confucian Utopia Versus a Legal Society 7 German Romanticism, Expressivism, and Philosophy of Life: A Comparison References Chapter 8: Liang the Rural Reformer 1 Introduction 2 Liang Shuming and Rural Reconstruction During the 1930s 3 Theory of Rural Reconstruction (1937): Cultural, Historical, Social, Political, and Economic Elements of a Philosophical Analysis 4 “Collective Life” and “Rural Organization”: Society Beyond the State 5 Concluding Remarks References Chapter 9: Liang the Moral and Social Philosopher 1 Introduction 2 Intellect and Reason 2.1 The Premature Birth of Chinese Culture 2.2 Reason and Spirit (Lingxing 靈性) 3 Religion and Morality 3.1 The Ethical Teaching as Morality 3.2 The Replacement of Religion with Morality 4 The Features of Chinese Society 4.1 The Ethic-Based Society 4.2 Class and Profession 5 Conclusion References Chapter 10: Liang the Political Philosopher: Contemplating Confucianism and Democracy in Republican China 1 Introduction 2 The Contemporary Scene 2.1 Melding Confucianism and Democracy: The Confucian Meritocrats 2.2 Melding Confucianism and Democracy: The Confucian Participatory Democrats 3 Democracy in Eastern and Western Cultures and Their Philosophies 3.1 Creating a Space for the Fusion of Opposite Cultures 3.2 Democracy: Both Beneficial and Problematic for Westerners 3.3 Confucianism: Just What the West Needed 3.4 Chinese Culture as a Hindrance to China and Liang’s China-Oriented Instrumentalist Appreciation of Democracy 3.5 Democracy as a Condition for Individual Happiness; Democracy as an Intrinsic Truth 3.6 Whither China? 4 Reconstructing Rural China 4.1 A Different Approach to Blending Eastern and Western Cultures 4.2 The West, China, the Individual, and the Issue of Autonomous Value 5 War, Politics, and Cultures 5.1 Reflecting on China’s Reality 5.2 Observing Cultures: Democracy as a Universal Phenomenon 5.3 Observing Cultures: Western Democracy’s Contribution to the Happiness of the Individual 5.4 Observing Cultures: Western Democracy, Its Contribution to Moral Growth, and Its Autonomous Value 6 Liang Shuming in a Comparative Perspective 6.1 Confucian Meritocracy 6.2 Confucian Participatory Democracy References Chapter 11: Liang Under Mao: The Reconciliation of Confucianism and Buddhism with Marxist Ideology 1 Introduction 2 The Views of History in DXWH and RXYRS 3 Liang’s Understanding of the Heart-Mind 4 Liang’s Anticipation of the Realization of Communism and Rejection of Historical Materialism 5 The Implicit Confucian Teaching in Communist Society 6 Nirvana: The Ultimate Liberation 7 Concluding Remarks References Chapter 12: Liang Shuming’s Legacy in Hong Kong and Taiwan Since 1949: Liang’s Philosophical Connection with Tang Junyi 1 Introduction 2 The Influence of Confucian Fathers 3 Reflections of Liang Shuming and Tang Junyi on the May Fourth Movement 4 The New Confucian Philosophical Framework Created by Liang Shuming 5 Intellectual Connections Between Liang Shuming and Tang Junyi 6 Tang Junyi, the ‘New Confucian Manifesto,’ and Going Beyond Liang Shuming 7 Aftermath 8 Conclusion References Chapter 13: Liang Shuming’s Reception in Mainland China Since the 1980s 1 Introduction 2 Liang’s Approach to China’s Cultural Modernization 3 Liang’s Philosophy of Life 3.1 Liang’s Philosophy of Life and Its Position in Confucianism and Buddhism 3.2 From Intuition to Ethical Rationality: What Changed and What Remained Unchanged in Liang’s Thought 3.3 The Practice of Self-Cultivation as a Promising Direction for the Future of Modern Education 4 The Asset of Liang’s Theory and Practice of Rural Reconstruction 5 Conclusion: Will the World Be Better? References Chapter 14: The Many Faces of Liang Shuming: One Hundred Years in the Reception of Liang’s Thought in European Languages (1922–2022) 1 Introduction 2 The Republican Period 3 The Mao Years 3.1 Philosophical Approaches 3.2 Rural Reconstruction 3.3 Participation in Politics 3.4 Re-evaluating Liang’s Relation with the CCP 4 Liang the Last Confucian 5 Building on Alitto’s Work 5.1 Liang and Mao 5.2 Rural Reconstruction 5.3 Democracy 5.4 Zhijue and Lixing 5.5 Liang as a Conservative 6 Liang the Modern Populist 7 Liang the New Confucian 8 Liang the Buddhist 9 New Approaches 9.1 Discursive Approach 9.2 Liang as a Philosophical or Socio-Historical Resource 9.3 Liang the Modern Sage 10 Conclusion References Index