دانلود کتاب Developments in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion: Volume 1 / Volume 2

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Front Matter....Pages i-xviii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Overview of Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass for the Production of Liquid Fuels....Pages 5-23
The Nature and Properties of Intermediate and Unvaporized Biomass Pyrolysis Materials....Pages 27-42
Comparisons in Biomass and Refuse Derived Fuel Pyrolysis. Multivarate Analysis Applied to an Experimental Design....Pages 43-60
Rapid Pyrolysis of Straw at High Temperature....Pages 61-66
The Pyrolytic Decomposition and Subsequent Combustion of Rice Husks....Pages 67-81
Relationships between Wood Density, Wood Permeability and Charcoal Yield....Pages 82-96
The High Heat of Fast Pyrolysis for Large Particles....Pages 97-103
Chemical Engineering Aspects of Solid (Biomass) Particle Pyrolysis: A Review of the Possible Rate Limiting Factors....Pages 104-116
Simultaneous Heat, Mass and Momentum Transfer during Biomass Drying....Pages 117-131
Modelling and Simulation of Moist Wood Drying and Pyrolysis....Pages 132-146
A Transient, Two-Dimensional Model of Biomass Pyrolysis....Pages 147-160
Laboratory Experiments to Characterise the Pyrolysis Behaviour of Selected Biomass Fuels....Pages 163-175
Olive Stones Pyrolysis: Chemical, Textural and Kinetics Characterization....Pages 176-190
Comparison of Ablative and Fluid Bed Fast Pyrolysis Products: Yields and Analyses....Pages 191-205
The Impact of Wood Preservatives on the Flash Pyrolysis of Biomass....Pages 206-219
Release of Metals during the Pyrolysis of Preservative Impregnated Wood....Pages 220-228
Co-Pyrolysis of Biomass with Plastics....Pages 229-241
Improvements in the Vortex Reactor Design....Pages 242-252
Removal of Residual Char Fines from Pyrolysis Vapors by Hot Gas Filtration....Pages 253-266
Co-Combustion of Biomass Pretreated in a Fluid Bed Pyrolysis Unit....Pages 267-281
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Development of a Novel Vacuum Pyrolysis Reactor with Improved Heat Transfer Potential....Pages 351-367
Development of a Small Integrated Pilot Plant for Flash Pyrolysis of Biomass....Pages 368-377
Plans for the Production and Utilization of Bio-Oil from Biomass Fast Pyrolysis....Pages 378-387
Properties of Fast Pyrolysis Liquids: Status of Test Methods....Pages 391-408
A Review of the Chemical Composition of Fast-Pyrolysis Oils from Biomass....Pages 409-424
Characteristics of Pyrolysis Oil and Char from Oil Palm Shells....Pages 425-432
Proposed Specifications for Various Grades of Pyrolysis Oils....Pages 433-447
Wood Tar Pitch: Analysis and Conceptual Model of its Structure....Pages 448-461
Combustion Characteristics of Fast Pyrolysis Oils Derived from Hybrid Poplar....Pages 465-480
Combustion Experiences of Flash Pyrolysis Fuel in Intermediate Size Boilers....Pages 481-488
RTP™ Biocrude: A Combustion / Emissions Review....Pages 489-494
Feasibility of Firing an Industrial Gas Turbine Using a Bio-Mass Derived Fuel....Pages 495-506
Effect of Various Pyrolysis Parameters on the Production of Phenols from Biomass....Pages 509-522
Thermocatalytic Conversions of Wood Biomass in Fluidized Bed of Catalysts....Pages 282-293
Black Liquor Pyrolysis and Char Reactivity....Pages 294-304
Mass Balance of Biocarbon Electrodes Obtained by Experimental Bench Production....Pages 305-311
Carbonisation of Five Short Rotation Tropical Tree Species....Pages 312-319
Distribution of Nitrogen in the Liquefaction of Albumin....Pages 320-327
Application of Thermochemical Liquidization of Sewage Sludge....Pages 328-338
Fuel Oil Production from Hydrocarbon-Rich Microalgae Botryococcus Braunii ....Pages 339-348
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Fast Pyrolysis of Biomass for Recovery of Specialty Chemicals....Pages 523-535
Obtaining of Levoglucosan by Fast Pyrolysis of Lignocellulose. Pathways of Levoglucosan Use....Pages 536-548
Petrochemicals from Bark by Fluidized Bed Pyrolysis....Pages 549-556
Use of Biomass Pyrolysis Oils for Preparation of Modified Phenol Formaldehyde Resins....Pages 557-572
Upgrading Overview....Pages 575-588
Behaviour of Catalysts Supported on Carbon in Hydrodeoxygenation Reactions....Pages 589-601
Influence of the Preparation Procedure on Catalysts Supported on Carbon in Hydrodeoxygenation Reactions....Pages 602-610
Liquid Fuels by Low-Severity Hydrotreating of Biocrude....Pages 611-621
Bio-Crude Oil Hydrotreating in a Continuous Bench-Scale Plant....Pages 622-632
Catalytic Conversion of Canola Oil in a Fluidized Bed Reactor....Pages 633-647
The Influence of Steam on the Zeolite Catalytic Upgrading of Biomass Pyrolysis Oils....Pages 648-656
Catalytic Cracking of Biomass Flash Pyrolysis Liquids....Pages 657-671
Catalytic Steam Reforming of Biomass-Derived Fractions from Pyrolysis Processes....Pages 672-686
Linear Mono-Olefines by Thermal Deoxygenation of Lipids Over Alumina....Pages 687-695
Liquid-Phase Thermal Treatment of Tall Oil Soap into Hydrocarbon Fuels....Pages 696-710
PyNE: Pyrolysis Network for Europe....Pages 711-719
Front Matter....Pages 721-721
An Overview of Development of Standard Analytical Procedures for Biomass Feedstocks....Pages 723-730
Fuel Characteristics of Briquettes from Wood Waste and Recycled Paper....Pages 731-740
Biomass Feedstock Variability and its Effect on Biocrude Oil Properties....Pages 741-755
Extraction of Hemicelluloses from Poplar Using a Twin-Screw Reactor: Influence of the Main Factors....Pages 756-764
Front Matter....Pages 721-721
Hot Liquid Water Pretreatment of Lignocellulosics at High Solids Concentrations....Pages 765-772
Alkaline Oxidation of Sugar : Thermochemical Conversion of Xylose from Hemicellulose into Lactic Acid....Pages 773-782
Emissions of Biomass Drying....Pages 783-797
Front Matter....Pages 799-799
Chemistry of Tar Formation and Maturation in the Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass....Pages 803-816
Fundamentals of Pressurized Gasification of Biomass....Pages 817-827
Gasification Reactivities of Biomass Fuels in Pressurised Conditions and Product Gas Mixtures....Pages 828-837
Gas Quality from Biomass Gasification; An Extensive Parametric Equilibrium Study....Pages 838-850
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation on Heat Transfer in Fixed Char Beds....Pages 851-863
High-Pressure Carbon Dioxide Removal in Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass....Pages 864-877
Relationship between Gasification Reactivity of Straw Char and Water Soluble Compounds Present in this Material....Pages 881-891
Research on Straw Waste Gasification and Application in Straw Pulp Mill....Pages 892-899
Co-Gasification of Biomass and Coal in a Pressurised Fluidised Bed Gasifier....Pages 900-906
Cleaning of Hot Producer Gas in a Catalytic Adiabatic Packed Bed Reactor with Periodic Flow Reversal....Pages 907-920
Alkali Separation in Steam Injected Cyclone Wood Powder Gasifier for Gas Turbine Application....Pages 921-931
Hydrogen Production from Lignocellulosic Materials by Steam Gasification Using a Reduced Nickel Catalyst....Pages 932-941
Gasification of Wood in a Pilot Scale Spouted Bed Gasifier....Pages 945-959
Application of Gasification to the Conversion of Wood, Urban and Industrial Wastes....Pages 960-972
Demonstration Systems of Cooking Gas Produced by Crop Straw Gasifier for Villages....Pages 973-984
A Wood-Gas Stove for Developing Countries....Pages 985-993
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Based on Pressurized Fluidized Bed Gasification....Pages 994-1005
Front Matter....Pages 799-799
IGCC Power Plant for Biomass Utilisation Värnamo, Sweden....Pages 1006-1015
The FICFB — Gasification Process....Pages 1016-1025
Pressurised Combustion of Biomass-Derived, Low Calorific Value, Fuel Gas....Pages 1026-1030
Alkali Removal and Bed Material Agglomeration Studies Applied to Biomass Gasification....Pages 1031-1041
New Developments in Biomass Utilization for Electricity and Low Energy Gas Production, on the Gasification Plant of Greve in Chianti — Florence....Pages 1045-1057
IISc-DASAG biomass gasifiers: Development, technology, experience and economics....Pages 1058-1072
Cogeneration in Brazilian Pulp and Paper Industry from Biomass-Origin to Reduce CO 2 Emissions....Pages 1073-1085
Cyclohexane-Steam Cracking Catalysed by Calcined Dolomite [CaMg(O) 2 ]....Pages 1086-1100
Gasification Gas Cleaning with Nickel Monolith Catalyst....Pages 1103-1116
Steam Reforming with Nickel-Based Catalysts on Gas from Biomass Gasification....Pages 1117-1130
Investigations in High Temperature Catalytic Gas Cleaning for Pressurized Gasification Processes....Pages 1131-1143
Characterization and Activity of Different Dolomites for Hot Gas Cleaning in Biomass Gasification....Pages 1144-1157
Assessment of Coprecipitated Nickel-Alumina Catalysts for Pyrolysis of Biomass....Pages 1158-1169
Catalytic Upgrading of the Crude Gasification Product Gas....Pages 1170-1178
Catalytic Tar Removal from Biomass Producer Gas with Secondary Air....Pages 1179-1193
Biomass Gasification with Steam and Oxygen Mixtures at Pilot Scale and with Catalytic Gas Upgrading. Part I: Performance of the Gasifier....Pages 1194-1208
Catalytic Hot Gas Conditioning of Biomass Derived Product Gas....Pages 1209-1223
Front Matter....Pages 1225-1225
Overview of Biomass Combustion....Pages 1229-1243
Influence of Ash Deposit Chemistry and Structure on Physical and Transport Properties....Pages 1247-1262
The Fate of Alkali Metal during Biomass Thermochemical Conversion....Pages 1263-1277
Front Matter....Pages 1225-1225
Thermochemical Equilibrium as an Indicator of Ash Deposition Problems in Biomass Boilers....Pages 1278-1292
The Inorganic Chemistry of Biomass Combustion: Problems and Solutions....Pages 1293-1302
A NO/N 2 O — Classification System of Single Fuel Particles....Pages 1303-1315
Combustion Characteristics of Leached Biomass....Pages 1316-1330
Combustion of a Single Wood Log Under Furnace Conditions....Pages 1331-1345
Co-Combustion of Forestry Biomass with Tyres in a Circulating Fluidised Bed Combustor....Pages 1346-1357
Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion of Brown Coal during Mixing Up Biomass....Pages 1358-1367
Fractionated Heavy Metal Separation in Biomass Combustion Plants as a Primary Measure for a Sustainable Ash Utilization....Pages 1368-1383
Pyrolysis Gas from Biomass and Pulverized Biomass as Reburn Fuels in Staged Coal Combustion....Pages 1387-1398
Fluidized Bed Combustion of Low Grade Coals and Biomass....Pages 1399-1407
Ash Behavior in a CFB Boiler during Combustion of Salix....Pages 1408-1423
The Behavior of Inorganic Material in Biomass-Fired Power Boilers: An Overview of the Alkali Deposits Project....Pages 1424-1444
Primary and Secondary Measures for the Reduction of Nitric Oxide Emissions from Biomass Combustion....Pages 1447-1461
Empirical NO x -Modelling and Experimental Results from Wood Stove Combustion....Pages 1462-1476
Simultaneous SO x /NO x Emission Control with Biolime™ derived from Biomass Pyrolysis Oil....Pages 1477-1481
Emissions from Wood Combustion in Fireplaces....Pages 1482-1491
Formation and Reduction of Polychlorinated Dioxins and Furans in Biomass Combustion....Pages 1492-1506
Front Matter....Pages 1507-1507
Bioenergy Systems....Pages 1509-1524
Electricity Generation from Wood-Fired Power Plants; The Principal Technologies Reviewed....Pages 1525-1538
The Performance and Economics of Power from Biomass....Pages 1539-1555
Front Matter....Pages 1507-1507
Opportunities for Fast Pyrolysis in Small-Scale Electricity Generation....Pages 1556-1566
Technoeconomic Analysis and Life Cycle Assessment of an Integrated Biomass Gasification Combined Cycle System....Pages 1567-1581
Evaluation of Electric Power Generation System by Biomass....Pages 1582-1589
The efficiency of heat and power production from combustion and gasification....Pages 1590-1598
An Evaluation of Biomass Energy Potential with a Global Energy and Land Use Model....Pages 1599-1613
Front Matter....Pages 1615-1615
Workshop on the Fundamentals of Thermochemical Biomass Conversion....Pages 1617-1620
Workshop on Chemicals from Biomass....Pages 1621-1625
Workshop Report: Catalytic Processes....Pages 1626-1630
Conclusions of the Workshop “Applications for Thermochemical Processes”....Pages 1631-1635
Back Matter....Pages 1637-1648