دانلود کتاب Dialectical Materialism: A Historical and Systematic Survey of Philosophy in the Soviet Union

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Preface ix Translator's Note xii PART ONE. Historical I The Philosophical Roots of Marxism 3 1 HEGEL 4 2 THE ‘HEGELIAN LEFT’ 7 3 LUDWIG FEUERBACH 10 4 MARXISM AND POSITIVISM 15 II Karl Marx and Friedrich Fngels 17 1 KARL MARX 17 2 FRIEDRICH ENGELS 41 III Revolutionary Movements in Russia: The Origins of Russian Marxism 58 1 ORIGINS: RUSSIAN NIHILISM 59 2 NARODNICHESTVO 62 3 RUSSIAN MARXISM 68 IV Philosophical Tendencies in Russian Marxism before the Revolution 73 1 THE PHILOSOPHICAL CONFLICT BETWEEN MARXISM AND NARODNICHESTVO 73 2 CRITICISM IN RUSSIAN MARXISM 83 3 THE ‘GOD-SEEKERS’ AND THE ‘GOD-BUILDERS’ 90 4 BOGDANOV’S EMPIRIO-MONISM 92 5 PLEKHANOV 100 V Vladimir Ilyich Lenin 110 1 LIFE AND PHILOSOPHICAL ACTIVITY 111 2 LENINISM 126 VI Philosophical Development in the U.S.S.R. up lo 1931 128 VII Mechanism 137 1 GENERAL CHARACTER OF MECHANISM 138 2 BUKHARIN 143 3 AXEL’ROD (ORTODOX) 149 VIII Menshevik Idealism 154 1 GENERAL OUTLINES 155 2 DEBORIN 159 3 TROTSKY 166 IX Development since 1931 175 1 CONSEQUENCES OF THE DECREE OF THE CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF 25TH JANUARY 1931 175 2 THE PHILOSOPHICAL INSTITUTE OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 181 3 THE ‘PHILOSOPHICAL DISCUSSION’ OF 1947 AND ITS AFTERMATH 183 4 FROM THE ‘PHILOSOPHICAL DISCUSSION’ TO THE DEATH OF STALIN 189 X Stalin as a Philosopher 209 XI Since the Death of Stalin 231 PART TWO. The System of Soviet Philosophy I Conception of Philosophy 249 1 PHILOSOPHY AND THE SPECIAL SCIENCES 249 2 INDIVIDUAL PHILOSOPHICAL DISCIPLINES 254 3 THE UNITY OF THEORY AND PRACTICE 256 4 THE PARTISAN CHARACTER OF PHILOSOPHY 268 5 THE PHILOSOPHICAL ‘ATMOSPHERE’ IN THE U.S.S.R. 274 II The Theory of Matter 280 1 MATERIALISM OR REALISM? 281 2 THE LENINIST CONCEPT OF MATTER 286 3 MATTER AND MOTION 296 4 SPACE AND TIME 304 III The Materialist Dialectic 310 1 STALIN’S ACCOUNT OF THE FIRST TWO ‘PRINCIPAL FEATURES’ OF THE MARXIST DIALECTICAL METHOD 312 2 THE LAW OF THE TRANSITION FROM QUANTITY TO QUALITY 319 3 THE LAW OF THE UNITY AND STRUGGLE OF OPPOSITES 333 4 THE LAW OF THE NEGATION OF THE NEGATION 355 IV The Theory of Categories 366 1 APPEARANCE, ESSENCE AND LAW 371 2 CAUSALITY AND FINALITY 375 3 NECESSITY AND CONTINGENCY. THE PROBLEM OF FREEDOM 381 4 POSSIBILITY AND ACTUALITY 396 5 FORM AND CONTENT 402 V Dialeclical Materialism and Modern Science 405 1 QUANTUM PHYSICS 406 2 RELATIVITY THEORY 416 3 MASS AND ENERGY 424 4 CHEMISTRY 432 5 COSMOGONY 436 6 THE ORIGIN OF LIFE 442 7 THE ‘NEW CELL-THEORY’ OF O. B. LEPESHINSKAYA 451 8 THE ‘NEW THEORY OF INHERITANCE’. I. V. MICHURIN, T. D. LYSENKO 455 9 ANTHROPOLOGY AND PSYCHOLOGY. I. P. PAVLOV 469 VI The Dialectical Materialist Theory of Knowledge 488 1 THE PRIORITY OF MATTER OVER CONSCIOUSNESS 490 2 THE ‘COPY-THEORY’ 498 3 PRACTICE AS THE FOUNDATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND CRITERION OF TRUTH 507 4 OBJECTIVE, RELATIVE AND ABSOLUTE TRUTH 512 VII Logic 518 1 THE MATERIALIST DIALECTIC AS LOGIC AND AS THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE 518 2 THE CONTROVERSY OVER FORMAL LOGIC 523 3 INDIVIDUAL LOGICAL OPERATIONS 535 Conclusion 548 Bibliography 562 Index of Names 595 Index of Subjects 602