دانلود کتاب Diet and Nutrition in Neurological Disorders

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Front Cover\nDiet and Nutrition in Neurological Disorders\nCopyright\nDedication\nContents\nContributors\nPreface\nChapter 1: Neurological disorders in the context of the global burden of disease\n Introduction\n Ranking of DALYs due to neurological disorders\n Comparing neurological disorders to cardiovascular disease and cancers\n References\nPart I: Alzheimer\'s disease and dementias\n Chapter 2: Lifestyle modifications and nutrition in Alzheimer\'s disease\n Introduction\n Understanding AD through its sign and symptoms\n Science behind the scenario\n Age\n Family history\n Oxidative stress\n Apoptosis\n Molecular genetics\n Chemistry, anatomy, and pathophysiology of the AD brain\n Epidemiology of AD\n Diagnostic approach\n Therapeutic strategies for AD\n Therapies targeting amyloid-β\n Therapies targeting tau proteins\n Therapies targeting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress\n Cell-based therapies\n Lifestyle: Way to healthy living\n Physical fitness\n Say no to smoking and excessive drinking\n Keep distance from depression\n A bit more care to strengthen them\n Calorie restriction\n Nutritional interventions\n Vitamins and minerals\n Flavonoids\n Turmeric\n Conclusion\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Mini-dictionary\n Key facts\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 3: The Gut microbiota and Alzheimer\'s disease\n What is Alzheimer\'s disease?\n Aging and the diversity of the Gut microbiota\n Gut microbiota alterations as a risk factor of Alzheimer\'s disease\n Transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer\'s disease and the bacteria-Gut-brain axis\n Modulation of the Gut microbiota to prevent Alzheimer\'s disease\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Key facts\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 4: The Mediterranean diet: Unsaturated fatty acids and prevention of Alzheimer\'s disease\n Introduction\n Neuroscientific aspects\n Neuroinflammation and Alzheimer\'s disease\n Nutritional aspects\n The Mediterranean diet and Alzheimer\'s disease risk\n Polyunsaturated fatty acids and Alzheimer\'s disease\n Specialized proresolving mediators and Alzheimer\'s disease\n Supplementation with PUFAs and Alzheimer\'s disease risk\n Conclusion\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Key facts of the Mediterranean diet\n Key facts of PUFAs and Alzheimer\'s disease risk\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 5: Malnutrition and early-stage Alzheimer\'s disease\n Introduction\n Neuroscientific aspects\n Brain lobe damage hypothesis\n Neurofibrillary tangle (NT) hypothesis\n Amyloid plaque (AP) hypothesis\n Identification of vulnerable neurons\n Symptom progression\n Nutritional aspects\n Oral health\n Vitamin D deficiency\n Micronutrient deficiencies\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interests\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Summary points\n References\nPart II: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\n Chapter 6: Strategies for improving hydration in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease\n Introduction\n Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease\n Classification and clinical condition\n Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\n Progressive bulbar palsy\n Progressive muscle atrophy\n Primary lateral sclerosis\n ALS patient functionality scale\n Risk factors for dehydration\n Dysphagia\n Difficulty in the mobility of lower and upper limbs\n Cognitive alteration\n Strategies for improving hydration\n Importance of teamwork\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Key facts\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Summary points\n References\n Further reading\n Chapter 7: Diet, disease severity, and energy expenditure in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)\n Introduction\n The challenge of energy balance in ALS\n Addressing malnutrition in ALS\n The impact of macronutrients in ALS\n Protein\n Fiber\n High-calorie oral and enteral diets\n High-calorie supplements\n Other components of interest\n Micronutrients\n Antioxidants\n Polyunsaturated fatty acids\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Alzheimer\'s disease\n Parkinson\'s disease\n Huntington\'s disease\n Conclusion\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 8: Nutrition, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and ALS\n Introduction\n Malnutrition\n Artificial nutrition in ALS\n Artificial nutrition in other neurological pathologies\n Other components of interest\n Key facts\n Mini-dictionary\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 9: Fatty acid profiling in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\n Introduction\n Pathology in ALS\n Endogenous lipids\n Fatty acid properties and nomenclature\n Fatty acid metabolism\n Synthesis of fatty acids\n Oxidation of fatty acid\n Metabolic aspects of ALS\n Fatty acid status in ALS patients\n Fatty acid intake and ALS\n Dietary intervention and ALS\n Dietary intervention in ALS models\n Dietary interventions in ALS patients\n Fatty acids as auxiliary treatment/treatment in other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Key facts about fatty acids\n Mini-dictionary\n Summary points\n References\nPart III: Brain injury\n Chapter 10: High-fat diets in traumatic brain injury: A ketogenic diet resolves what the Western diet messes up neuroinfl ...\n Introduction\n Traumatic brain injury: A debilitating neurological disease\n Primary injury\n Secondary injury\n Altered cerebral metabolism associated with TBI (Fig. 1)\n Glucose metabolism: A transition from hyper- to hypoglycolysis\n The mitochondrial permeability transition pore and intrinsic apoptosis\n Neuroinflammation and extrinsic apoptosis\n Features of high-fat, Western, and ketogenic diets and associated systemic metabolic states\n Interplay between fat and sugar: A determinant of metabolic state\n Fatty acids and mitochondrial uncoupling\n Effects of high-fat, Western, and ketogenic diets on the brain, irrespective of TBI\n Effects on brain energy homeostasis\n Linking energy homeostasis to cognition and synaptic plasticity (Fig. 3)\n Effects of Western diet pre- and post-TBI and associated molecular mechanisms (Fig. 4A)\n WD exacerbates neuroinflammation and neuronal cell death\n WD aggravates neuroplastic, neuropathological, and neurobehavioral impairment\n WD induces genetic and epigenetic changes\n WD impairs neurovascular coupling and the BBB\n Effects of ketogenic diet pre- and post-TBI: Preventative, direct (acute), and long-term (chronic) therapeutic benefits (Fi ...\n KD and favorable brain energetics\n Effect of KD on mitochondrial efficiency and intrinsic apoptosis\n Effect of KD on neuroinflammation and autophagy\n KD and pro-survival genetic and epigenetic changes\n KD as an anti-epileptogenic treatment in TBI\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Conclusion\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts of high-fat diets in traumatic brain injury\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 11: Brain injury, anthropometry, and nutrition\n Introduction\n Traumatic brain injury\n Significance of nutrition in TBI\n Complex metabolic cascade\n Altered feeding pattern\n Impaired GI function\n Increased nutritional demand\n Stress-induced hyperglycemia\n Serum sodium abnormalities\n Nutrition management in TBI\n Nutritional screening\n Ongoing nutritional assessment\n Anthropometric measurements\n Clinical manifestations\n Nutritional support\n Time to initiate feeding\n Amount of feed and nutrients\n Nutritional supplements\n Route of feeding\n Method of feeding\n Parenteral feeding\n Glycemic control\n Hyponatremia prevention and management\n Initiation of oral diet\n Weaning from altered feeding to normal diet\n Possible complications during nutritional support\n Conclusion\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts relating to nutrition in TBI\n Key facts relating to anthropometry and TBI\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 12: Calorie and protein intake in traumatic brain injury patients\n Introduction\n Dietary intake among TBI patients\n Current dietary managements\n Feeding initiation\n Feeding target\n Duration to achieve feeding target\n Calorie and protein requirements in TBI\n Determination of calorie and protein requirement\n The current calorie and protein recommendations in TBI\n The new insight of nutritional recommendation\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts of calorie\n Key facts of protein\n Key facts of TBI\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 13: Lipids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and traumatic brain injury\n Introduction\n Traumatic brain injury\n Brain damage in TBI\n Neuroinflammation in TBI\n The effect of fat diets on TBI\n High-fat diet\n Short-chain fatty acid\n Medium-chain fatty acid\n Polyunsaturated fatty acid\n Omega-6: Arachidonic acid\n Omega-3: Docosahexaenoic acid\n DHA as a therapeutic option for TBI\n Mechanism(s) of action of DHA\n Gut-brain axis\n Glymphatic pathway\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Neurodegenerative diseases\n Neuropsychiatric disorders\n Conclusion\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts of TBI\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 14: Brain trauma, ketogenic diets, and ketogenesis via enteral nutrition\n Introduction\n Review of cerebral energetics\n Glucose metabolism\n Glycogen stores\n Anaerobic glycolysis\n Acute brain injury and dysfunctional cerebral metabolism\n Ketones-Metabolisms ``ugly duckling´´\n Metabolism of ketones\n Ketones and the brain\n Inducing hyperketonemia\n Dietary modulation and medium-chain triglycerides\n Ketone esters\n Intravenous beta-hydroxybutyrate\n Ketones and acute brain injury\n ABI in animals\n ABI in humans\n Other components of interest\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Conclusion\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts of ketone bodies\n Summary points\n References\nPart IV: Cerebral palsy\n Chapter 15: Nutrition and cerebral palsy\n Introduction\n Cerebral palsy: Definition, epidemiology, etiology, and classification\n Malnutrition in cerebral palsy\n Assessment of nutritional status in cerebral palsy\n Anthropometric measurements\n Weight for height and body mass index\n Triceps skinfold thickness measurement\n Mid-arm circumference\n Specialized growth charts\n Knee height and tibia length\n Body composition\n Energy expenditure\n Energy intakes\n Nutritional intervention in cerebral palsy\n Oral nutrition\n Enteral tube feeding\n Gastrostomy tube feeding\n Diet composition\n Follow-up and monitoring\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Key facts\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 16: Metabolic syndrome in the adult with cerebral palsy: Implications for diet and lifestyle enhancement\n Introduction\n Cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome in patients with CP\n Mobility challenges and physical exercise\n Nutritional status\n Obesity\n Oropharyngeal dysphagia and difficulties in meeting nutrition guidelines\n Bone health and nutritional considerations\n Nutritional programs for adults with CP\n Additional wellness interventions\n Clinical recommendations\n Summary and future research\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts of metabolic syndrome in adult cerebral palsy: Implications for diet\n Key facts of cerebral palsy\n Key facts of metabolic syndrome\n Key facts of nutritional interventions for CP\n Summary points\n References\n Further reading\n Chapter 17: Gut microbiota characteristics in children with cerebral palsy\n Introduction\n GM and nutritional absorption in CP children\n GM and neurologic regulations in CP children\n GM and gastrointestinal complications in CP children\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n GM and neurologic complications in CP children\n Other components of interest\n Personalized diet, GM, and CP treatment\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 18: Swallowing problems: Major components of nutritional deficits in adults with cerebral palsy\n Introduction\n Swallowing problems in individuals with cerebral palsy: A lifelong problem\n Characteristics of dysphagia symptoms and their impact on quality of life in adults with cerebral palsy\n Nutritional problems and sarcopenia in adults with cerebral palsy\n Assessment of dysphagia in adults with cerebral palsy\n Use of the eating and drinking ability classification system in people with cerebral palsy\n Nutritional supplements according to the eating and drinking ability classification system in adults with cerebral palsy\n Application in other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts on dysphagia in adults with cerebral palsy\n Summary points\n References\n Further reading\nPart V: Dietary neurotoxins\n Chapter 19: Dietary neurotoxins: An overview\n Introduction\n Regulatory accommodation\n Factors driving the acceptance of certain foods\n Incorporation of toxins during growth, processing, or storage\n Contaminants from environment\n Methylmercury in seafood\n Selenium in grain\n Naturally formed substances\n Furocoumarins\n Lectins in legumes\n Oxalic acid\n Safrole\n Myristicin\n Tomatine in tomatoes\n Prussic acid in peach pits, apple, and cherry\n Substances formed because of product abuse\n Glycoalkaloids in potatoes (chaconine and solanine)\n Furocoumarin in parsnips\n Substances produced because of processing\n Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons\n Acrylamide\n Furan\n Summary\n Mini-dictionary\n Key facts\n References\n Chapter 20: Alcohol consumption induces oxidative damage, neuronal injury, and synaptic impairment: Consequences for the ...\n Introduction\n Alcohol toxicity\n Alcohol affects brain function\n Hangover\n Binge drinking\n Chronic ethanol consumption\n Ethanol withdrawal\n Fetal alcohol syndrome\n Alcohol consumption contributes to the pathogenesis of different neurological diseases\n Conclusions\n Summary points\n Other components of interest\n Key facts\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n References\n Further reading\n Chapter 21: Dietary effects of lead as a neurotoxicant\n Introduction\n Gastrointestinal structure-function relationships\n Gastrointestinal pathways and Ca2+ absorption\n Pb2+ uptake in the duodenum\n Pb2+/Ca2+ competition alters Ca2+ channel uptake\n Vitamin-D metabolism increases intestinal Pb2+ absorption\n Pb2+ neurotoxicity through the paracellular pathway\n Assessing the effects of Pb2+ on the GI gradient through histological Alcian blue staining\n Sex-dependent effects between control male and female rat\'s gastrointestinal villi and crypt gradients\n Pb2+ exposure effects on the male rat\'s gastrointestinal villi and crypt gradients\n Pb2+ exposure effects on the female rat\'s gastrointestinal villi and crypt gradients\n Revisiting early models of gastrointestinal Pb2+ uptake in a modern low-level exposure paradigm\n Pb2+ exposure-induced sex-based differences in gastrointestinal absorption\n The role of developmental time-periods of Pb2+ exposure on potential gut-brain interactions\n Conclusion\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 22: Environmental toxicants (OPs and heavy metals) in the diet: What are their repercussions on behavioral/neurol ...\n Introduction\n Organophosphate compounds (OPs) and potentially toxic elements (heavy metals) as environmental-pollutant agents in the diet\n From the origin to the diet: The input\n Organophosphate compounds used as pesticides for food pest control\n Potentially toxic elements in the food and drinking water\n The impact of environmental toxic elements on the behavior system: The output\n Behavioral disabilities and OP exposure via diet\n Behavioral disabilities and heavy metal exposure via diet\n Neurodegenerative pathologies and chronic environmental toxicant exposure: The role of oxidative stress and antioxidants\n Conclusions\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Key facts of OPs and heavy metals\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Summary points\n References\nPart VI: Epilepsy\n Chapter 23: Hypercholesterolemic diet and status epilepticus\n Introduction\n Neurological aspect\n What is epilepsy?\n Possible causes of epilepsy\n Nutritional aspects\n Dietary cholesterol and its metabolism by the peripheral system\n Cholesterol metabolism in the central nervous system\n Role of cholesterol in the brain\n Merging neurological and nutritional aspects\n Measuring the brain activity of rats fed a hypercholesterolemic diet and submitted to the status epilepticus\n Evaluating the effects of a hypercholesterolemic diet on status epilepticus\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts of epilepsy\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 24: Low glycemic index therapy: What it is and how it compares to other epilepsy diets\n History\n Evolution\n Ketogenic diet\n Modified Atkins diet\n Low glycemic index therapy\n LGIT: Concept and composition\n Mechanism of action\n Efficacy\n Initiation of LGIT\n Adverse events\n Follow-up\n Diet discontinuation\n Which diet to use?\n Applications to other neurological disorders\n Epilepsy syndromes and status epilepticus\n Alzheimer\'s disease\n Parkinson\'s disease\n Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis\n Aging\n Traumatic brain injury\n Stroke\n Autism spectrum disorder\n Cancer\n Others\n Other components of interest\n Conclusion\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts of LGIT\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 25: Ketogenic diet in pediatric epilepsies\n Introduction\n Historical background\n Antiepileptogenic mechanisms of ketogenic diet\n Variants of ketogenic diet\n The classic ketogenic diet\n Medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) diet and modified MCT diet\n Modified Atkins diet (MAD)\n Low glycemic index treatment (LGIT)\n Evaluation of candidates for ketogenic diet\n Monitoring children on ketogenic diet\n Adverse effects and tolerability\n Ketogenic diet in pediatric drug-resistant epilepsies\n Ketogenic diet as gold standard therapy: GLUT-1 deficiency syndrome and pyruvate dehydrogenase deficiency\n Ketogenic diet in the intensive care units\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts\n Summary points\n References\nPart VII: Headaches and migraines\n Chapter 26: The value of fruit and vegetable consumption in pediatric migraine\n Introduction\n Review of the available studies and discussion\n Review of the available studies\n Discussion\n Results of our study\n Conclusion\n Neuroscientific aspects\n Nutritional aspects\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Review of the available studies\n Results of our study\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts of fruits, vegetables, and pediatric migraine headache\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 27: Dietary trigger factors of migraine\n Introduction\n Mechanism of dietary influence on migraine episodes\n Onset of migraine from the time of consumption of food\n Foods and drinks as trigger factors of migraine\n Alcohol\n Coffee/caffeine\n Cheese\n Chocolate\n Citrus fruits\n Fatty food\n Food containing monosodium glutamate\n Eggs and meat\n Fish\n Meat\n Bread\n Missing meals and fasting\n Meal schedule in migraine patients\n Diet interventions\n Elimination diets\n Ketogenic diets\n Modified Atkins diets\n Epigenetic diet\n Migraine diary\n Functional disability due to migraine\n Management of migraine triggered by dietary factors\n Conclusion\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts of dietary trigger factors of migraine\n Summary points\n References\nPart VIII: Multiple sclerosis\n Chapter 28: Dietary management of multiple sclerosis\n Introduction\n Neuroscientific aspects\n Nutritional aspects: Dietary management of multiple sclerosis (MS)\n Specific nutrients in MS management\n Saturated fats\n Polyunsaturated fats\n Monounsaturated fats (MUFAs)\n High-fiber foods\n Dairy products\n Salt (sodium chloride)\n Cholesterol\n Overall diet quality\n Special diets for MS management\n Paleo diet\n McDougall diet\n Swank diet\n Mediterranean diet\n Gluten-free diet\n Overcoming MS (OMS) diet\n Best bet diet (BBD)\n Fasting and multiple sclerosis\n Conflicting findings\n General dietary guidelines for MS management\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 29: Dietary fish intake and multiple sclerosis: A new narrative\n Introduction\n Fish intake and the risk of MS\n Dietary fish intake or fish oil supplementation and comorbidities in MS patients\n Mechanisms behind the association between fish intake and MS\n Conclusion\n Applications with other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Key facts\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 30: Linking diet and gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis\n Introduction\n Diet and dysbiosis risk in MS patients\n High-salt concentration diet\n High-fat concentration diet\n Nutritional interventions as modifiers of gut dysbiosis in MS patients\n SCFAs\n High-fiber concentration diet (prebiotic)\n Probiotics\n Calorie restriction\n Conclusion\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Key facts\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 31: Restoration of myelination in the central nervous system via specific dietary bioactive lipids: An opportunit ...\n Introduction\n Myelin synthesis, demyelination, and remyelination\n Myelin lipid composition\n Biosynthesis and supply of myelin lipids\n Modulation of exogenous lipid in demyelination and remyelination\n High-fat diets and MS outcomes\n Plasmalogens in MS therapy\n Plasmalogens in myelin: Synthesis and function\n Plasmalogens in neurodegenerative contexts\n Modulating plasmalogen deficit in MS using alkylglycerols\n Sphingolipids in MS therapy\n Sphingolipids in myelin: Synthesis and function\n Sphingosine-1-phosphate in myelination\n S1P modulation in MS: Pharmaceutical avenues\n Conclusion\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts of myelin lipids\n Summary points\n References\nPart IX: Neuroinflammation\n Chapter 32: Effect of diet and nutrition on neuroinflammation: An overview\n Introduction\n Brain and inflammation\n Neuroinflammation and CNS disorders\n Diet and neuroinflammation\n Calorie restriction and neuroinflammation\n Ketogenic diet and neuroinflammation\n Mediterranean diet and neuroinflammation\n Vitamins and neuroinflammation\n Other component of interest\n Conclusion\n Summary points\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n References\n Chapter 33: High-fat diet-induced cellular neuroinflammation: Alteration of brain functions and associated aliments\n Introduction\n Inflammation and neuroinflammation\n High-fat diet-induced neuroinflammation\n Different pathways leading to neuroinflammation\n Microglia\n NF-κB\n Pro-inflammatory cytokines\n Mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Dementia\n Multiple sclerosis\n Traumatic brain injury\n Parkinson\'s disease\n Anxiety\n Depression\n Other components of interest\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts of neuroinflammation\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 34: Neuro-behavioral implications of a high-fructose diet\n Introduction\n Fructose metabolism\n Metabolic syndrome and fructose\n Development and fructose consumption\n Neural and behavioral consequences of fructose diet\n Potential mechanisms\n Potential mechanisms: Glucocorticoids\n Potential mechanisms: Neuroinflammation\n Potential mechanisms: Mitochondrial function\n Conclusions\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts of neuroprotection\n Key facts of sex differences\n Summary points\n References\nPart X: Parkinson\'s disease\n Chapter 35: Role of mediterranean diet in Parkinson\'s disease\n Introduction to Parkinson\'s disease\n Mediterranean diet and PD\n Olive oil and PD\n Possible neuroprotective mechanisms of olive oil\n Polyunsaturated fatty acids and PD\n Possible neuroprotective mechanisms of polyunsaturated fatty acids\n Vitamins and PD\n Vitamin E\n Possible neuroprotective mechanisms of vitamin E\n Vitamin D\n Possible neuroprotective mechanisms of vitamin D\n Vitamin C\n Possible neuroprotective mechanisms of vitamin C\n Vitamin B\n Possible neuroprotective mechanisms of vitamin B\n Other components of interest\n Mediterranean diet in other neurological disorders\n Final conclusion\n Dictionary of terms\n Key facts of the role of the Mediterranean diet in Parkinson\'s disease\n Summary\n References\n Chapter 36: Role of dietary antioxidants and redox status in Parkinson\'s disease\n Introduction\n Oxidative stress and Parkinson\'s disease\n Source of ROS is involved in the pathogenesis of PD\n Antioxidant and PD\n Vitamins antioxidant and PD\n Vitamin A and PD\n Vitamin C and PD\n Vitamin E and PD\n Vitamin D and PD\n Dietary zinc intake and PD\n Omega-3 and PD\n Glutathione\n Whey and PD\n N-Acetylcysteine and PD\n Antioxidant-targeted mitochondria (Q10 and MitoQ)\n MitoQ and PD\n Melatonin and PD\n Creatine and PD\n Inosine and PD\n Polyphenols and PD\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key fact of Parkinson\'s disease and oxidative stress\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 37: Beverages, caffeine, and Parkinson\'s disease\n Introduction\n Parkinson\'s disease\n Caffeine\n Beverage-containing caffeine\n Pharmacokinetics (the body\'s effect on caffeine)\n Pharmacodynamics (the effects of caffeine on the body)\n Caffeine and Parkinson\'s disease\n Epidemiological studies\n Clinical studies\n Clinical experimental studies\n Neuroprotection?\n Critical appraisal\n Other components of interest\n Future prospects\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Key facts of caffeine and Parkinson\'s disease\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 38: The association of diet and its components with changes in gut microbiota and improvement in Parkinson\'s disease\n Introduction\n The association of nutrients and diet with Parkinson\'s disease\n Caffeine\n Tea\n Dairy production\n Mediterranean Diet\n Vitamin\n Fats\n Carbohydrate\n The association between gut microbiota and Parkinson\'s disease\n The association of nutrition with gut microbial\n The association of nutrition with gut microbial in Parkinson\'s disease\n Conclusion\n Neuroscientific aspects\n Nutritional aspects\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts\n Summary points\n References\nPart XI: Peripheral neuropathy\n Chapter 39: Alcohol-related autonomic dysfunction and peripheral neuropathy\n Introduction\n Epidemiology\n Natural history of large fiber neuropathy\n Natural history of autonomic neuropathy\n Cardiovascular reflex test abnormalities\n Sympathetic skin response abnormality\n Erectile dysfunction\n Gastrointestinal features\n Risk factors\n Age\n Sex\n Ethnicity\n Genetics\n Alcohol intake\n Alcohol type consumed\n Smoking\n The role of malnutrition\n Hepatic dysfunction\n The role of oxidative stress\n Neuropathology\n Management\n Alcoholic-related autonomic dysfunction\n Alcoholic-related peripheral neuropathy\n Conclusion\n Applications to other areas of neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Summary points/key facts\n References\n Web pages\n Further reading\n Chapter 40: Dietary saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and peripheral neuropathy\n Introduction\n Differential effects of fatty acid saturation on clinical systemic metabolic status\n Differential effects of fatty acid saturation on clinical PN phenotype\n Differential effects of fatty acid saturation on PN phenotype in preclinical models\n Differential effects of fatty acid saturation on lipid metabolism and mitochondrial (dys)function\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Key facts of metabolically acquired peripheral neuropathy\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 41: Caloric restriction as a nutrition strategy in counteracting peripheral neuropathies\n Introduction\n An overview of peripheral neuropathies: Causes, risk factors, and incidence\n Wallerian and Wallerian-like degeneration in axonal and demyelinating neuropathies\n Schwann cells: The multitasking specialized glial cells\n Schwann cells orchestrate the first phase of Wallerian degeneration determining the fate of the axons\n Autophagy and neuropathy\n Autophagy: A survival cell mechanism and its nutrient regulation\n Schwann cells autophagy or myelinophagy in peripheral nerve degeneration\n Dietary interventions inducing autophagy\n Caloric restriction-induced autophagy: Effects on NPs\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts\n Summary points\n References\nPart XII: Prenatal effects and neurodevelopment\n Chapter 42: The interplay between stress and nutrition during pregnancy: Influence on fetal brain development\n Introduction\n Human and animal studies\n Effect of stress on the developmental outcomes on offspring\n Behavior of the offspring\n Cognitive development of the offspring\n Biological mechanism by which stress altered offspring development\n Importance of nutrition on fetal brain development\n Developmental programming\n Other components of interest\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts\n Summary points\n References\n Further reading\n Chapter 43: Maternal and neonatal polyunsaturated fatty acid intake and risk of neurodevelopmental impairment in prematur ...\n Introduction\n LCPUFA and neurodevelopment\n LCPUFA influence inflammatory signaling\n LCPUFA accretion into fetal tissues\n In utero LCPUFA accretion\n LCPUFA accretion into adipose\n What is the evidence linking maternal and neonatal PUFA intake with neurodevelopmental outcomes?\n Randomized controlled trials\n Reviews and systematic reviews\n LCPUFA supplementation: How much and when?\n Dynamic rates and ratios of placental LCPUFA transfer\n Organ-specific effects of LCPUFA\n Challenges for appropriate LCPUFA supplementation\n The wider contexts of LCPUFA supplementation\n Dietary LA affects infant AA and DHA availability\n Maternal LCPUFA status\n The socioeconomic context of LCPUFA availability\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts of LCPUFA and infant development\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 44: Early nutrition, growth, and neurodevelopment in the preterm infant\n Introduction\n How preterm birth affects the brain\n Postnatal influences\n Postnatal nutrition and brain development\n Nutrition is a key modifiable factor for improving neurodevelopment\n Neonatal growth and neurodevelopment\n Effects of neonatal nutrition on neurodevelopment\n Breastmilk\n Macronutrients\n Recommended protein intakes\n Evidence from randomized controlled trials on protein and neurodevelopment\n Evidence from observational studies on protein and neurodevelopment\n Sex differences in neurodevelopmental response to nutrition\n Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes\n Reasons for lack of clarity in research findings\n Barriers to achieving prescribed nutritional intakes\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts of preterm neurodevelopment\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 45: Breast milk and cognitive performance in children\n Introduction\n Human milk composition\n Macronutrients\n Protein\n Carbohydrates\n Fats/lipids\n Micronutrients\n Choline\n Vitamins and minerals\n Bioactive factors\n Factors influencing milk composition\n Maternal nutrition\n Maternal age, parity, and BMI\n Smoking\n Mode of delivery\n Adverse pregnancy outcomes\n Brain development\n Breastfeeding and cognitive outcomes in children\n Milk components and cognitive development in children\n Milk proteins\n Milk amino acids\n Milk carbohydrate\n Milk cholesterol\n Milk fatty acids\n Milk choline\n Conclusion\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 46: Effects of ketogenic diets and ketone supplementation on the nervous system during development: Applications ...\n Introduction\n The role of glucose in shaping and maintaining the brain\n The effects of ketogenic diet in animal models of autism spectrum disorder\n Genetic animal models\n Black and tan Brachyury (BTBR) animal model\n Engrailed genes (En) model\n Epileptic seizure-prone EL (epilepsy 1 gene)\n Neurodevelopmental animal models\n Valproic acid (VPA) animal model\n MIA model\n The effects of ketogenic diet in animal models of schizophrenia\n Genetic\n Pharmacological model of schizophrenia\n Clinical studies of ketogenic diet in schizophrenia\n Summary points\n References\nPart XIII: Stroke\n Chapter 47: Fluids, energy intake, and stroke\n Introduction\n Neuroscientific aspects\n Nutritional aspects\n Risk factors for the disease and its prognosis\n Nutrition and hydration during the hospitalization\n Nutrition and hydration during rehabilitation and at home\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts of fluids, energy intake, and stroke\n Key facts of nutrition and hydration assessment and monitoring\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 48: Body weight after stroke\n Introduction\n The obesity paradox in stroke\n Body weight loss after stroke\n Stroke-related sarcopenia\n Skeletal muscle changes in sarcopenia\n Prevalence of sarcopenia\n Diagnosis of sarcopenia\n Cachexia after stroke\n Nutritional status and cachexia in stroke\n Treatment of cachexia in stroke\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts of cachexia after stroke\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 49: Linking dietary pattern and stroke: An Indian perspective\n Introduction\n Dietary patterns in India\n Staple food\n Oils\n Non-alcoholic beverages\n Alcoholic beverages\n Eating habits\n Dietary restrictions\n Rural versus Urban dietary habits\n Dietary pattern studies\n Dietary pattern and relationship with health outcome\n Dietary patterns and stroke\n Dietary pattern and stroke studies from India\n Diet and cardiovascular risk and stroke risk\n Diet as a modifiable risk factor for stroke\n Comparison of traditional local diet with the specialized diet\n Resource documents\n Other components of interest\n Applications to other areas of neurological conditions\n Key facts\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Conclusion\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 50: Dietary lipids: The effect of docosahexaenoic acid on stroke-related neuronal damage\n Introduction\n Stroke overview\n Overview of docosahexaenoic acid\n Health benefits of DHA as shown in previous studies\n Purpose\n Neuroscientific aspects\n Nutritional aspects\n The importance of stroke onset and prevention\n Stroke prevention effect by ingestion of fish and DHA: Epidemiological research\n Prevention of stroke caused by fish intake\n DHA intake and stroke prevention\n Biosynthesis of DHA and supply of docosahexaenoic acid to neuronal cells\n Biosynthesis of DHA in the body\n Synthesis of DHA in astrocytes and supply to neuronal cells\n Neuroprotective mechanism of docosahexaenoic acid through astrocytes in the brain\n Transportation of diet-derived DHA via BBB and accumulation in astrocytes\n Supply of DHA to nerve cells and neuroprotective action by astrocytes\n Inhibition of DHA against oxidative stress produced in association with ischemic stroke\n Effect of DHA-derived neuroprotectin on stroke\n Conclusion\n Applications to other neurological conditions\n Other components of interest\n Key facts\n About stroke\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 51: Diet quality and stroke\n Introduction\n Patho-etiology of stroke\n Mechanisms by which diet quality may modify stroke risk\n Food components and risk of ischemic stroke\n Fruits and vegetables\n Fish\n Red and processed meats\n Fat\n Carbohydrate intake\n Diet quality and primary prevention of stroke\n Mediterranean diet\n DASH diet\n Other healthy diet patterns\n The Southern diet pattern\n Vegetarian and plant-based diets\n Diet quality and secondary prevention of stroke\n Future directions\n Applications to other neurologic conditions\n Diet and dementia\n Other components of interest\n Folic acid\n Multivitamins\n Mini-dictionary of terms\n Key facts of stroke and diet quality\n Summary points\n References\n Chapter 52: Recommended resources for diet and nutrition in neurological disorders\n Introduction\n Resources\n Other resources\n Summary points\n References\nIndex\nBack Cover