دانلود کتاب Digital Audio Theory: A Practical Guide

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Cover Half Title Title Page Copyright Page Dedication Table of Contents List of Abbreviations List of Variables 1 Introduction 1.1 Describing Audio Signals 1.1.1 Measuring Audio Levels 1.1.2 Pro-Audio Versus Consumer Audio Levels 1.1.3 Dynamic Range 1.1.4 Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) 1.1.5 Frequency And Bandwidth 1.1.6 Characterizing Noise 1.1.7 Probability Density Functions and Histograms 1.2 Digital Audio Basics 1.3 Describing Audio Systems 1.3.1 Continuous and Discrete Systems 1.3.2 Linear and Non-Linear Systems 1.3.3 Temporal Properties 1.3.4 Impulse Response 1.3.5 Frequency Response 1.4 Further Reading 1.5 Challenges 1.6 Project – Audio Playback 2 Complex Vectors and Phasors 2.1 Complex Number Representation and Operations 2.1.1 Unit Circle 2.1.2 Example: Convert From Polar to Rectangular Form 2.1.3 Programming Example: Plotting Complex Vectors 2.1.4 Complex Mathematical Operations 2.2 Complex Conjugates 2.3 Phasors 2.3.1 Programming Example: Rotating A Vector 2.4 Beat Frequencies 2.4.1 Programming Example: Beat Frequencies 2.5 Challenges 2.6 Project – AM and FM Synthesis Bibliography 3 Sampling 3.1 Phasor Representation On the Complex Plane 3.2 Nyquist Frequency 3.3 Time Shift Operators 3.3.1 Programming Example: Simple Delay Effect 3.4 Sampling A Continuous Signal 3.4.1 Example: Analog to Digital Conversion 3.5 Jitter 3.5.1 Programming Example: Listening to Jitter 3.6 Challenges Bibliography 4 Aliasing and Reconstruction 4.1 Under-Sampling 4.1.1 Programming Example: A Liasing 4.2 Predicting The Alias Frequency 4.2.1 Example: Calculating the Alias Frequencies 4.2.2 Mirror/Foldback Frequency 4.2.3 Example: Calculating the Alias Frequencies (Again) 4.3 Anti-Aliasing Filter 4.4 Reconstruction 4.4.1 Deriving The Interpolator 4.4.2 Ideal Interpolation 4.4.3 Real-Time Interpolation 4.5 Challengse 4.6 Project – A Liasing Bibliography 5 Quantization 5.1 Quantization Resolution 5.2 Audio Buffers 5.2.1 Programming Example: Signal Quantization 5.2.2 Example: 3-Bit Quantization 5.3 Sample-and-Hold Circuit 5.4 Quantization Error (e[sub(q)]) 5.4.1 Programming Example: Quantization Error 5.4.2 PDF Of Quantization Error 5.4.3 RMS Of Quantization Error 5.4.4 Programming Example: PDF and RMS Of Quantization Error 5.5 Pulse Code Modulation 5.5.1 Non-Uniform Quantization 5.5.2 Programming Example: µ -Law Quantization 5.6 Challenges Bibliography 6 Dither 6.1 Signal-To-Error Ratio (SER) 6.1.1 The Case of the Missing Noise 6.2 SER At Low Signal Levels 6.3 Applying Dither 6.3.1 Programming Example: RPDF Dither 6.4 Triangular PDF Dither 6.4.1 Programming Example: TPDF Dither 6.4.2 Noise Shaping 6.5 High-Frequency Dither 6.6 Challenges 6.7 Project – Dither Effects Bibliography 7 DSP Basics 7.1 Time-Shift Operators 7.2 Time-Reversal Operator 7.3 Time Scaling 7.4 Block Diagrams 7.4.1 Example: Moving Average Filter 7.4.2 Delay Using the Z-Operator 7.5 Difference Equations 7.6 Canonical Form 7.6.1 Programming Example: Filter Implementation 7.7 Challenges 7.8 Project – Plucked String Model Bibliography 8 FIR Filters 8.1 FIR Filters by Way of Example 8.2 Impulse Response 8.3 Convolution 8.3.1 Properties of Convolution 8.3.2 Example: Convolving Two Signals 8.3.3 Programming Example: Vocal Processing 8.4 Cross-Correlation 8.4.1 Programming Example: Time-Delay Estimation 8.4.2 Programming Example: Matched Filtering 8.5 FIR Filter Phase 8.5.1 Linear Phase 8.5.2 Minimum Phase 8.6 Designing FIR Filters 8.6.1 Programming Example: Pre-echo 8.7 Challenges 8.8 Project – FIR Filters Bibliography 9 Z-Domain 9.1 Frequency Response 9.2 Magnitude Response 9.3 Comb Filters 9.3.1 Programming Example: Comb Filters 9.3.2 Programming Example: Removing Ground Hum 9.4 Z-Transform 9.4.1 Properties of Z-Transform 9.4.2 Example: Analyzing A Cascade of Filters 9.5 Pole/Zero Plots 9.5.1 Example: First-Order LPF and HPF 9.5.2 Programming Example: Notch Filter 9.6 Filter Phase Response 9.7 Group Delay 9.8 Challenges 10 IIR Filters 10.1 General Characteristics of IIR Filters 10.1.1 Denormal Numbers 10.2 IIR Filter Transfer Functions 10.2.1 Programming Example: First-Order IIR Filter 10.3 IIR Filter Stability 10.3.1 Programming Example: 3D P/Z Plot 10.4 Second-Order Resonators 10.4.1 Programming Example: Sweeping Resonator 10.5 Biquadratic Filters 10.5.1 Bi-Quad Design 10.6 Proportional Parametric EQ 10.6.1 Programming Example: 3-Band Parametric EQ 10.7 Forward-Reverse Filtering 10.8 Challenges 10.9 Project – Resonator Bibliography 11 Impulse Response Measurements 11.1 Noise Reduction Through Averaging 11.2 Capturing IRs With MLS 11.2.1 MLS Limitations 11.2.2 Example: Maximum Length Sequence 11.2.3 Circular Convolution/Correlation 11.3 Capturing IRs With ESS 11.3.1 Ess Stimulus Generation 11.3.2 Inverse ESS Generation 11.3.3 Noise Reduction 11.3.4 Programming Example: Noise Reduction With ESS 11.4 Challenges 11.5 Project – Room Response Measurements Bibliography 12 Discrete Fourier Transform 12.1 Discretizing A Transfer Function 12.2 Sampling the Frequency Response 12.3 The DFT And Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform 12.3.1 Example: DFT of A Delta 12.3.2 Programming Example: Fast Fourier Transform of A Delta 12.4 Twiddle Factor 12.4.1 Programming Example: DFT of A Sinusoid 12.4.2 Example: DFT of A Rectangular Pulse 12.5 Properties of the DFT 12.6 Revisiting Sampling in the Frequency Domain 12.7 Frequency Interpolation 12.7.1 Programming Example: Frequency Interpolation 12.8 Challenges 12.9 Project – Spectral Filtering 13 Real-Time Spectral Processing 13.1 Filtering in the Frequency Domain 13.2 Windowing 13.3 Constant Overlap and Add 13.4 Spectrograms 13.4.1 Programming Example: Vocal Formants 13.5 Challenges 13.6 Project – Automatic Feedback Control 14 Analog Modeling 14.1 Derivation of the Z-Transform 14.2 Impulse Invariance 14.2.1 Example: RC Series Filter 14.2.2 Programming Example: Rc Filter 14.3 Bilinear Transformation 14.3.1 Example: RC Series Filter 14.3.2 Frequency Pre-Warping 14.3.3 Example: Pre-Warping 14.4 Frequency Sampling 14.4.1 Linear Phase Frequency Sampling 14.4.2 Programming Example: RLC With Linear Phase 14.4.3 Minimum Phase Frequency Sampling 14.4.4 Programming Example: RLC With Minimum Phase 14.5 Non-Linear Modeling With ESS 14.6 Challenges Bibliography Index