دانلود کتاب Digital communications : : fundamentals and applications

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Cover Page
About This eBook
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication Page
Contents at a Glance
Contents
Preface
Organization of the Book
Additional Book Resources
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Chapter 1. Signals and Spectra
1.1 Digital Communication Signal Processing
1.2 Classification of Signals
1.3 Spectral Density
1.4 Autocorrelation
1.5 Random Signals
1.6 Signal Transmission Through Linear Systems
1.7 Bandwidth of Digital Data
1.8 Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
Chapter 2. Formatting and Baseband Modulation
2.1 Baseband Systems
2.2 Formatting Textual Data (Character Coding)
2.3 Messages, Characters, and Symbols
2.4 Formatting Analog Information
2.5 Sources of Corruption
2.6 Pulse Code Modulation
2.7 Uniform and Nonuniform Quantization
2.8 Baseband Transmission
2.9 Correlative Coding
2.10 Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
Chapter 3. Baseband Demodulation/Detection
3.1 Signals and Noise
3.2 Detection of Binary Signals in Gaussian Noise
3.3 Intersymbol Interference
3.4 Equalization
3.5 Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
Chapter 4. Bandpass Modulation and Demodulation/Detection
4.1 Why Modulate?
4.2 Digital Bandpass Modulation Techniques
4.3 Detection of Signals in Gaussian Noise
4.4 Coherent Detection
4.5 Noncoherent Detection
4.6 Complex Envelope
4.7 Error Performance for Binary Systems
4.8 M-ary Signaling and Performance
4.9 Symbol Error Performance for M-ary Systems (M>2)
4.10 Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
Chapter 5. Communications Link Analysis
5.1 What the System Link Budget Tells the System Engineer
5.2 The Channel
5.3 Received Signal Power and Noise Power
5.4 Link Budget Analysis
5.5 Noise Figure, Noise Temperature, and System Temperature
5.6 Sample Link Analysis
5.7 Satellite Repeaters
5.8 System Trade-Offs
5.9 Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
Chapter 6. Channel Coding: Part 1: Waveform Codes and Block Codes
6.1 Waveform Coding and Structured Sequences
6.2 Types of Error Control
6.3 Structured Sequences
6.4 Linear Block Codes
6.5 Error-Detecting and Error-Correcting Capability
6.6 Usefulness of the Standard Array
6.7 Cyclic Codes
6.8 Well-Known Block Codes
6.9 Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
Chapter 7. Channel Coding: Part 2: Convolutional Codes and Reed–Solomon Codes
7.1 Convolutional Encoding
7.2 Convolutional Encoder Representation
7.3 Formulation of the Convolutional Decoding Problem
7.4 Properties of Convolutional Codes
7.5 Other Convolutional Decoding Algorithms
7.6 Reed–Solomon Codes
7.7 Interleaving and Concatenated Codes
7.8 Coding and Interleaving Applied to the Compact Disc Digital Audio System
7.9 Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
Chapter 8. Channel Coding: Part 3: Turbo Codes and Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) Codes
8.1 Turbo Codes
8.2 Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) Codes
Appendix 8A: The Sum of Log-Likelihood Ratios
Appendix 8B: Using Bayes’ Theorem to Simplify the Bit Conditional Probability
Appendix 8C: Probability that a Binary Sequence Contains an Even Number of Ones
Appendix 8D: Simplified Expression for the Hyperbolic Tangent of the Natural Log of a Ratio of Binary Probabilities
Appendix 8E: Proof that ϕ(x) = ϕ–1(x)
Appendix 8F: Bit Probability Initialization
References
Problems
Questions
Chapter 9. Modulation and Coding Trade-Offs
9.1 Goals of the Communication System Designer
9.2 Error-Probability Plane
9.3 Nyquist Minimum Bandwidth
9.4 Shannon–Hartley Capacity Theorem
9.5 Bandwidth-Efficiency Plane
9.6 Modulation and Coding Trade-Offs
9.7 Defining, Designing, and Evaluating Digital Communication Systems
9.8 Bandwidth-Efficient Modulation
9.9 Trellis-Coded Modulation
9.10 Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
Chapter 10. Synchronization
10.1 Receiver Synchronization
10.2 Synchronous Demodulation
10.3 Loop Filters, Control Circuits, and Acquisition
10.4 Phase-Locked Loop Timing Recovery
10.5 Frequency Recovery Using a Frequency-Locked Loop (FLL)
10.6 Effects of Phase and Frequency Offsets
10.7 Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
Chapter 11. Multiplexing and Multiple Access
11.1 Allocation of the Communications Resource
11.2 Multiple-Access Communications System and Architecture
11.3 Access Algorithms
11.4 Multiple-Access Techniques Employed with INTELSAT
11.5 Multiple-Access Techniques for Local Area Networks
11.6 Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
Chapter 12. Spread-Spectrum Techniques
12.1 Spread-Spectrum Overview
12.2 Pseudonoise Sequences
12.3 Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum Systems
12.4 Frequency-Hopping Systems
12.5 Synchronization
12.6 Jamming Considerations
12.7 Commercial Applications
12.8 Cellular Systems
12.9 Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
Chapter 13. Source Coding
13.1 Sources
13.2 Amplitude Quantizing
13.3 Pulse Code Modulation
13.4 Adaptive Prediction
13.5 Block Coding
13.6 Transform Coding
13.7 Source Coding for Digital Data
13.8 Examples of Source Coding
13.9 Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
Chapter 14. Fading Channels
14.1 The Challenge of Communicating over Fading Channels
14.2 Characterizing Mobile-Radio Propagation
14.3 Signal Time Spreading
14.4 Time Variance of the Channel Caused by Motion
14.5 Mitigating the Degradation Effects of Fading
14.6 Summary of the Key Parameters Characterizing Fading Channels
14.7 Applications: Mitigating the Effects of Frequency-Selective Fading
14.8 Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
Chapter 15. The ABCs of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing)
15.1 What Is OFDM?
15.2 Why OFDM?
15.3 Getting Started with OFDM
15.4 Our Wish List (Preference for Flat Fading and Slow Fading)
15.5 Conventional Multi-Channel FDM versus Multi-Channel OFDM
15.6 The History of the Cyclic Prefix (CP)
15.7 OFDM System Block Diagram
15.8 Zooming in on the IDFT
15.9 An Example of OFDM Waveform Synthesis
15.10 Summarizing OFDM Waveform Synthesis
15.11 Data Constellation Points Distributed over the Subcarrier Indexes
15.12 Hermitian Symmetry
15.13 How Many Subcarriers Are Needed?
15.14 The Importance of the Cyclic Prefix (CP) in OFDM
15.15 An Early OFDM Application: Wi-Fi Standard 802.11a
15.16 Cyclic Prefix (CP) and Tone Spacing
15.17 Long-Term Evolution (LTE) Use of OFDM
15.18 Drawbacks of OFDM
15.19 Single-Carrier OFDM (SC-OFDM) for Improved PAPR Over Standard OFDM
15.20 Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
Chapter 16. The Magic of MIMO (Multiple Input/Multiple Output)
16.1 What is MIMO?
16.2 Various Benefits of Multiple Antennas
16.3 Spatial Multiplexing
16.4 Capacity Performance
16.5 Transmitter Channel-State Information (CSI)
16.6 Space-Time Coding
16.7 MIMO Trade-Offs
16.8 Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO)
16.9 Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
Index
Chapter 17. Encryption and Decryption
17.1 Models, Goals, and Early Cipher Systems
17.2 The Secrecy of a Cipher System
17.3 Practical Security
17.4 Stream Encryption
17.5 Public Key Cryptosystems
17.6 Pretty Good Privacy
17.7 Conclusion
References
Problems
Questions
Appendix A. A Review of Fourier Techniques
A.1 Signals, Spectra, and Linear Systems
A.2 Fourier Techniques for Linear System Analysis
A.3 Fourier Transform Properties
A.4 Useful Functions
A.5 Convolution
A.6 Tables of Fourier Transforms and Operations
A.7 sampled data fourier transform
References
Appendix B. Fundamentals of Statistical Decision Theory
B.1 Bayes’ Theorem
B.2 Decision Theory
B.3 Signal Detection Example
References
Appendix C. Response of a Correlator to White Noise
Appendix D. Often-Used Identities
Appendix E. S-Domain, Z-Domain, and Digital Filtering
E.1 The Laplace Transform
E.2 The z-transform
E.3 Digital Filtering
E.4 Finite Impulse Response Filter Design
E.5 Infinite Impulse Response Filter Design
References
Appendix F. OFDM Symbol Formation with an N-Point Inverse Discrete Fourier Transform (IDFT)
Appendix G. List of Symbols