دانلود کتاب Digital Parties: The Challenges of Online Organisation and Participation

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Acknowledgements
Contents
Editors and Contributors
1 Political Parties Transition into the Digital Era
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Digital Political Participation and Political Parties
1.3 Digital Parties: An Emerging Party Model?
1.4 The Digitalisation of Political Parties and Its Consequences
1.5 Research Questions and Plan of the Book
References
2 The Five-Pillar Model of Parties’ Migration into the Digital
2.1 Introduction
2.2 The Five-Pillar Model of Parties’ Migration into the Digital
2.3 Current Literature Located in the Five-Pillar Model
2.4 Range of Application and Open Questions
References
3 Regulating i-Voting Within Countries and Parties
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Defining i-Voting and Its Legal Framework
3.3 How to Analyse the Process of i-Voting in States and Parties on the Basis of the Electoral Cycle
3.4 Key Aspects of Democratic Norms Applying to i-Voting
3.5 Practices of i-Voting at National Level
3.5.1 Estonia
3.5.2 Switzerland
3.6 Conclusions
References
4 Studying Digital Parties: Methods, Challenges and Responses
4.1 Introduction
4.2 How Have Parties Traditionally Been Studied?
4.3 Methods for Studying Digital Parties
4.4 What to Study in Digital Parties?
4.5 The Challenge of Studying Digital Parties
4.6 Conclusion
References
5 i-Voting Regulation Within Digital Parties: The Case of Podemos and Five Stars Movement
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Democratic and Technical Norms of i-Voting Within Parties
5.2.1 Democratic Norms
5.2.2 Technical Standards of E-Decision-Making and i-Voting
5.3 i-Voting Within Parties
5.4 The M5S
5.4.1 Regulations
5.4.2 Democratic Norms and Technical Standards
5.5 Podemos
5.5.1 Regulations
5.5.2 Democratic Norms and Technical Standards
5.6 Discussion and Conclusion
References
6 Cyber-Parties’ Membership Between Empowerment and Pseudo-participation: The Cases of Podemos and the Five Star Movement
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Members’ Empowerment or Pseudo-participation?
6.3 The Easiest Way to Become a Member: Podemos and FSM Online Membership
6.3.1 Genesis, Evolution and Organisation
6.3.2 Similar, Not Identical: The Membership Within Podemos and FSM
6.4 Members’ Involvement: How Innovative and Participatory Are Digital Platforms?
6.4.1 The Digital Platforms and the Rules for Participation
6.4.2 Participation: ‘Quantity’ and ‘Quality’
6.5 Conclusions
References
7 Anti-party Digital Parties Between Direct and Reactive Democracy. The Case of La France Insoumise
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Theoretical Background
7.3 La France Insoumise: An Anti-party Digital Party
7.4 LFI Online: Features and Use of Digital Platforms
7.5 Effects of Digital Organisation: Conceptualising the Organisational Tensions of LFI
7.6 Conclusions
References
8 How to Remain Indispensable in the Twenty-First Century? The Digital Adaptation of PSOE and PSP in a Crisis Context
8.1 Introduction: Democracy, Political Parties and the Internet
8.2 The Iberian Connection: Spain-Portugal, PSOE-PSP
8.3 The Digitisation of the PSOE and PSP Participation Tools
8.3.1 Bottom-Up Digital Tools
8.3.2 Top-Down Digital Tools
8.4 Conclusions
References
9 The Secret Digital Garden of Politics: Spanish Parties and Their Intranets
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Research Questions and Methodology
9.3 Spanish Political Parties’ Intranets
9.3.1 People’s Party
9.3.2 Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party
9.3.3 Ciudadanos
9.3.4 Podemos
9.3.5 VOX
9.3.6 Compromís
9.3.7 Catalan European Democratic Party
9.4 The Five-Pillar Model Applied to the Spanish Political Parties
9.5 Conclusion
References
10 Political Parties and New ICTs: Between Tradition and Innovation
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Digitalization and Parties’ Organizational Change
10.3 The Selected Cases
10.4 Italy
10.5 Spain
10.6 Greece
10.7 France
10.8 Conclusions
References
11 Pirate Parties: The Original Digital Party Family
11.1 Introduction
11.2 The Digital Politics and Organisation of Pirate Parties
11.3 The Pirate Party in Finland
11.4 The Pirate Party in the Czech Republic
11.5 Discussion
References
12 Is There Such a Thing as a Web-Native Party? Use and Role of Online Participation Tools in the Green and Pirate Parties in Germany
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Background
12.2.1 Green Party
12.2.2 Pirate Party
12.3 Methods
12.4 Use and Role of Online Participation Platforms
12.4.1 Green Party
12.4.2 Pirate Party
12.5 Effects of Online Participation Platforms
12.6 Conclusion
12.7 Note on Positionality
Annex 1: List of Party Documents
Green Party Germany
Pirate Party Germany
Annex 2: Interviews
Green Party Germany
Pirate Party Germany
References
13 Tactical Web Use in Bumpy Times—A Comparison of Conservative Parties’ Digital Presence
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Mainstream Parties in the Digital: Public Image, Leadership and Membership
13.3 Case Design and Case Description
13.4 Data and Methods
13.5 Findings
13.5.1 Germany’s CDU 2013–2015: Highlighting Success
13.5.2 Germany’s CDU in a Transitional Phase in 2016
13.5.3 Germany’s CDU 2017–2018: Continuity in Design, Change in Function and Personnel
13.5.4 The UK Conservatives 2013–2015: Campaigning on All Levels
13.5.5 UK Conservatives in 2016 and 2017: Experimenting with Focus, Features and Functions
13.6 Conclusion
Appendix
References
14 Digital Parties as Personalistic-Authoritarian Business-Firm Models. Is Japan Following European Trends?
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Political Parties as Business-Firms and Digital Models—A New Typology
14.3 The Assembly to Energise Japan
14.3.1 Foundation
14.3.2 Political Positions
14.3.3 Direct Democracy Through the Internet
14.3.4 Party Organisation and Its Decline
14.4 The No Party to Support
14.4.1 The Election Campaign of the NPS and Its Results
14.4.2 Organisational Structure of the NPS: Business-Firm Model
14.5 Party to Protect the People from the NHK
14.6 Conclusion: Some Limits for New Parties
References
15 The Digitalisation of Political Parties in Comparative Perspective
15.1 Introduction
15.2 How Political Parties Are Migrating to the Digital Sphere
15.2.1 Platforms and the Parties\' Public Image
15.2.2 Membership
15.2.3 Decision-Making and power
15.2.4 Policy-Making
15.3 Explaining Divergences in Party Digitalisation Patterns: A First Assessment
15.4 Perspectives on Party Digitalisation: From Cases and Causes to Compared Consequences
References