دانلود کتاب Electoral Politics, Laws and Ethnicity in Africa

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Preface
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction
1.1 Background of Elections in Africa
1.1.1 Women Participation in Politics
1.2 Main Objective of the Manuscript
References
Part I International and Constitutional, Legislative and Institutional Frame on Elections in Africa
2 International and Regional Legal Instruments on Elections
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)
2.1.2 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICPPR)
2.1.3 Contrasting UDHR and ICCPR
2.2 General Comments by UN Human Rights Council
2.3 United Nations Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC)
2.4 African Charter on Democracy, Elections, and Governance
2.5 The African Charter on Human and People’s Rights, 1986
2.6 Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa Right to Participation in the Political and Decision-Making Process
2.7 Guidelines for African Union Electoral Observations and Monitoring Missions
2.8 SADC Charter of Fundamental Social Rights
2.9 SADC Principles and Guidelines Governing Democratic Elections
2.10 Jurisprudence on Election: Case Laws
2.11 ECOWAS Protocol on Democracy and Good Governance (2001)
References
3 Comparative Constitutional Framework on Elections in Africa
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Constitutional Provisions on Elections in South Africa
3.2.1 Election of the National Assembly
3.2.2 Election of the President
3.2.3 Provincial Elections
3.2.4 Municipal Elections
3.2.5 Recent Jurisprudence
3.3 Constitutional Provisions on Elections in Kenya
3.3.1 Election for the Legislature
3.3.2 Election for the President and Deputy President
3.3.3 Election for the County Government
3.3.4 Recent Jurisprudence
3.4 Constitutional Provisions on Elections in Ghana
3.4.1 Presidential Election
3.4.2 Parliamentary and Local Government Elections
3.4.3 Recent Jurisprudence
3.5 Constitutional Provisions on Elections in Sierra Leone
3.5.1 Presidential Election
3.5.2 Parliamentary Election
3.5.3 Recent Jurisprudence
3.6 Conclusion
References
4 Electoral Commissions—Models and Roles and Responsibilities
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Models of Electoral Commissions
4.2.1 Establishment, Roles, and Responsibilities of Electoral Commissions
4.3 Standard Characteristics for Independent Commission
4.4 Conclusion
References
5 Political Parties Regulation in a Comparative Perspective: Sierra Leone, Ghana, Nigeria, and Kenya
5.1 Political Parties Regulation in Sierra Leone
5.1.1 Political Parties Regulation
5.2 Political Parties Regulation in Ghana
5.2.1 Political Parties Regulation
5.3 Political Parties Regulation in Nigeria
5.4 Political Parties Regulation in Kenya
5.5 Conclusion
References
Part II Political Party Financing, Code of Conduct and Judicalization in Election in Africa
6 Political Party Financing
6.1 Models of Funding for Political Parties
6.1.1 Private Funding Model
6.1.2 Public Funding Model
6.2 Regulation on Political Parties Financing
6.3 Monitoring of Political Parties Financing
6.4 Conclusion
References
7 Codes of Conduct for Political Parties
7.1 Background
7.1.1 Advantages of CoC
7.1.2 Disadvantages of CoC
7.2 Code of Conduct for Political Parties in South Africa
7.3 Code of Conduct for Political Parties in Kenya
7.4 Code of Conduct for Political Parties in Ghana
7.5 Code of Conduct for Political Parties in Sierra Leone
7.6 Conclusion
References
8 Judicialization of Elections
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Kenya
8.3 South Africa
8.4 Ghana
8.5 Sierra Leone
8.6 Conclusion
References
Part III Politics, Citizenship, Ethnicity and Violence in Election in Africa
9 Ethnicity and Election in Africa
9.1 Historical Background of Ethnicity in Politics
9.1.1 Ghana
9.1.2 Nigeria
9.1.3 Kenya
9.1.4 Sierra Leone
9.2 Ethnicity and Voting Behaviour: Conceptual Exposition
9.2.1 Ethnicity and Voting Behaviour
9.3 Electoral Laws—National Constitution—Against Ethnicity in Elections: Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, and Sierra Leone
9.3.1 Laws in the Following Countries Recognizing Ethnic Balance in Representative
Ghana
Nigeria
Kenya
Sierra Leone
9.4 Laws and Practices Dictating Regional Balance in Political Parties
9.4.1 Regional and Political Balance of Ghana
9.4.2 Promotion of Regional Balance to Maintain Federal Principle of Nigeria
9.4.3 Political Turmoil and the Diverse Population of Kenya That Impact on Political System
9.4.4 Ethnic Tension, Political Instability, Regional Disparities, and Inhumanities of Sierra Leone
9.5 Role of Ethnicity in Present-Day Elections in Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, and Sierra Leone
9.5.1 Ethnicity or Accountability
Ghana
Nigeria
Kenya
Sierra Leone
9.6 Issue-Based Debate or Tribal Backing
9.6.1 Two Political Parties in Ghana
9.6.2 Challenges That Interrupted Democracy During the General Election in Nigeria
9.6.3 Conflicts in Kenya: Refugee Rights, Women and Girls Rights, Abuses Rights, and LGBTI Rights
9.6.4 Human Rights Crime in Sierra Leone That Causes Genocidal War
9.7 Recent Evidence of Regional and Ethnic Voting
9.7.1 Complicated Ethnic Relationship on National Identity in the Perspective of Ghana
9.7.2 The Problem of Electoral Violence in the History of Nigeria
9.7.3 Controversial Election and Ethnic Politics in Kenya
9.7.4 Crimes Related to Humanity and Ethnicity in Sierra Leone
9.8 Conclusion
9.8.1 Ethnic Bloc Voting: Implications for Democratization in Heterogeneous States
9.8.2 Conclusion
9.8.3 Recommendations
References
10 Citizenship and Election in Africa
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Legal and Constitutional Requirements for Citizenship in Elections of Different Countries
10.2.1 Constitutional and Legal Requirements for Citizenship of Ghana
10.2.2 Constitutional or Legal Requirements for Citizenship in Nigeria
10.2.3 Constitutional and Legal Requirements for Citizenship in Kenya
10.2.4 Constitutional or Legal Requirements for Citizenship of Sierra Leone
10.3 Exclusion Based on Citizenship
10.3.1 Exclusion Citizenship of Ghana
10.3.2 Exclusion Citizenship of Nigeria
10.3.3 Exclusion Citizenship of Kenya
10.3.4 Exclusion Citizenship of Sierra Leone
10.4 Conclusion
References
11 Women and Youth in Elections
11.1 Overview of Political Participation of Women and Youth in Africa
11.1.1 Women
11.1.2 Youth
11.2 South Africa
11.2.1 Kenya
11.3 Ghana
11.4 Sierra Leone
11.5 Conclusion
References
12 Electoral Violence
12.1 Electoral Violence Regulation in Kenya
12.2 Electoral Violence Regulation in South Africa
12.3 Electoral Violence Regulation in Ghana
12.4 Electoral Violence Regulation in Sierra Leone
12.5 Conclusion
References
Part IV Conclusions
13 Conclusion
13.1 Summary
13.2 Conclusions
13.3 Recommendations
Index