دانلود کتاب Electrochemistry of Metalloporphyrins

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Cover
Series on Chemistry, Energy and the Environment
Electrochemistry of Metalloporphyrins
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Contents
List of Abbreviations
I. Introduction and Scope of Review
A. Overview of Past and Current Work
B. Porphyrin Electrochemistry in the Early 1960s and 1970s
C. Porphyrin Electrochemistry in the 1980s and the 1990s
D. Porphyrin Electrochemistry in the 21st Century
II. Characterization of Porphyrin Redox Reactions
A. Selection of Appropriate Solvent
B. Selection of Appropriate Supporting Electrolyte
C. Measuring and Reporting Redox Potentials
D. Measuring and Reporting the Number of Electrons Transferred
E. Assigning Site of Electron Transfer
F. Selection of Appropriate Porphyrin Reference Compound
G. Factors Influencing Half-Wave Potentials
III. Effect of Macrocycle Structure on Potentials
A. Octaethylporphyrins (OEPs) and Tetraphenylporphyrins (TPPs)
B. Tetramesitylporphyrins (TMPs)
C. Octaalkyltetraphenylporphyrins (R8TPPs)
D. Dodecaphenylporphyrins (DPPs)
E. Pentafluorophenylporphyrins (F20TPPs)
F. Pentafluorophenyl Octasubstituted Porphyrins (Br8F20TPP, Cl8F20TPP and Me8F20TPP)
IV. Electrochemical Linear Free-Energy Relationships
A. Overview
B. Phenyl-Ring-Substituted Tetraphenylporphyrins
C. β-Substitutions of (TPP)M
D. Other Free-Energy Relationships
V. p-Extended Porphyrins
A. Introduction
B. β,β-Fused Porphyrins
1. Tetrabenzoporphyrins (TBP) and Related Macrocycles
2. Mono- and Diaryl β,β’-Fused Porphyrins
3. Quinoxalinoporphyrins
a. Communication Between the Macrocycle and the Fused Q Group of (PQ)M
b. Electrochemistry of (QPQ)M and (PQ2)M
c. Communication Between Two Q Groups in (PQ2)M and (QPQ)M
d. (PQ3)M and (PQ4)M
e. Functionalized Quinoxalinoporphyrins
4. Other β,β′-Fused Porphyrins
C. meso,β-Fused Porphyrins
D. β,meso,β-Fused Porphyrins
E. β and meso π-Extension
VI. meso- and β-Substituted Porphyrins
A. Phosphorylated Porphyrins
B. Nitroporphyrins
1. β-NO2 Porphyrins
2. meso-NO2 Porphyrins
3. meso-NO2Ph Porphyrins
C. Other Classes of meso- and/or β-substituted Porphyrins
D. Perhalogenated Porphyrins
VII. Charged Porphyrin Systems
A. 4-N-Alkylpyridylporphyrins
B. Isomeric N-Alkylpyridylporphyrins
C. Other Positively Charged Porphyrins
D. Tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrins (TPPS)
VIII. Other Porphyrin Derivatives
A. Porphyrin-Quinone Conjugates
B. Hydroporphyrin Derivatives
1. Porphodimethenes
2. Porphomethenes and Porphyrinogens
3. Chlorins, Bacteriochlorins and Isobacteriochlorins
4. Pyrrocophrins
5. Phlorins
C. Isoporphyrins
D. N-Substituted Porphyrins
IX. Axial Ligation
A. Effect of Ligands on Potentials and Mechanisms
B. Effect of Anion Binding on Redox Potentials
C. NO Complexes
D. CO Complexes
E. Sigma-Bonded Alkyl and Aryl Complexes
1. Types of Coordination Schemes in σ-Bonded Complexes
2. Metal Oxidation States of σ-Bonded Complexes
X. Periodic Table of Metalloporphyrins
A. Free-Base Porphyrins
1. Effect of Solvent and Supporting Electrolyte
2. Effect of Macrocycle Planarity
3. Electrochemistry in Acidic Solutions
B. Group 1 Porphyrins
C. Group 2 Porphyrins
1. Magnesium, Calcium and Barium
D. Group 3 Porphyrins
1. Scandium
2. Yttrium
3. Lanthanum
E. Group 4 Porphyrins
1. Titanium
2. Zirconium
3. Hafnium
F. Group 5 Porphyrins
1. Vanadium
2. Niobium
3. Tantalum
G. Group 6 Porphyrins
1. Chromium
2. Molybdenum
3. Tungsten
H. Group 7 Porphyrins
1. Manganese
(a) Introduction
(b) (P)MnX where X is a halide
(c) Tetrazolato (P)Mn Complexes
(d) (P)Mn(NO)
(e) Oxidation of Mn(III) complexes
(f) (P)MnN and related dimers
2. Technetium
3. Rhenium
I. Group 8 Porphyrins
1. Iron
(a) Introduction
(b) Effect of solvent and axial ligation
(i) Fe(III)/Fe(II) electrode reactions
(ii) Fe(II)/Fe(I) and/or Fe(II)/Fe(II) π-anion radical electrode reactions
(iii) Fe(III)/Fe(IV) and/or Fe(III)/Fe(III) π-cation radical electrode reactions
(c) High valent iron complexes
(d) Effect of macrocycle on redox reactions
(e) Axially ligated diatomic molecules
(i) (P)Fe(CO)x
(ii) (P)Fe(NO)x
(iii) (P)Fe with other diatomic molecules
(f) Reactions of (P)FeXFe(P) where X = O, N or C
(i) Oxidation
(ii) Reduction
(g) σ-Bonded Fe Complexes
2. Ruthenium
(a) Introduction
(b) (P)Ru(CO) and (P)Ru(CO)(L)
(c) (P)Ru(L) and (P)Ru(L)2
(d) (P)Ru(O)2
(e) (P)Ru with other small molecules
(f) Nitrosyl complexes
(g) σ-bonded Ru complexes
3. Osmium
(a) Background
(b) Effect of axial ligand on Os(II)/Os(III) reactions
(c) Os(III)
(d) Os(IV) and Os(V)
(e) σ-bonded Os complexes
J. Group 9 Porphyrins
1. Cobalt
(a) Introduction
(b) Solvent, ligand binding and counterion effects on potentials of (P)Co
(c) Structural effects on half-wave potentials
(d) (P)Co(NO)
(e) Reactions between (P)Co and CO
(f) Reactions between (P)Co and O2
(g) (P)Co with other small molecules
(h) Reactions of σ-bonded Co complexes
2. Rhodium
(a) σ-bonded Rh complexes
3. Iridium
(a) σ-bonded Ir complexes
K. Group 10 Porphyrins
1. Nickel
(a) Background
(b) High oxidation state derivatives
(c) Low oxidation state derivatives
(d) Dodecaphenyl- and substituted dodecaphenylporphyrins
2. Palladium and Platinum
L. Group 11 Porphyrins
1. Introduction
2. Copper
3. Silver
4. Gold
M. Group 12 Porphyrins
1. Introduction
2. Zinc
3. Cadmium and Mercury
N. Group 13 Porphyrins
1. Introduction
2. σ-Bonded Complexes
3. Aluminum
4. Gallium
5. Indium
6. Thallium
O. Group 14 Porphyrins
1. Silicon
2. Germanium
3. Tin
4. Lead
P. Group 15 Porphyrins
1. Introduction
2. σ-Bonded Complexes
3. Phosphorous
4. Arsenic
5. Antimony
6. Bismuth
Q. Lanthanide and Actinide Porphyrins
XI. Spectroelectrochemistry
XII. Summary
XIII. Acknowledgements
References
Index