دانلود کتاب Elementary Textbook on Physics: Electricity and Magnetism

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Front Cover
Front Jacket
Title Page
Contents
From the Preface to the First Russian Edition
Chapter 1 Electric Charges
1.1. Electric Interaction
1.2. Conductors and Insulators
1.3. Division of Bodies into Conductors and Insulators
1.4. Positive and Negative Charges
1.5. What Happens During Electrostatic Charging?
1.6. Electron Theory
1.7. Electrostatic Charging by Friction
1.8. Charging by Induction
1.10. Coulomb’s Law
1.11. Unit of Charge
Chapter 2 Electric Field
2.1. Effect of Electric Charge on Surrounding Bodies
2.2. The Idea of Electric Field
2.3. Electric Field Strength
2.4. Composition of Fields
2.5. Electric Field in Insulators and Conductors
2.6. Graphic Representation of Fields
2.7. Main Features of Electric Field-Strength Patterns
2.8. Application of the Method of Field Lines to Problems in Electrostatics
2.9. Work Done in Displacing an Electric Charge in an Electric Field
2.10. Potential Difference (Electric Voltage)
2.11. Equipotential Surfaces
2.12. Why Was the Potential Difference Introduced?
2.13. Conditions for Charge Equilibrium in Conductors
2.14. Electrometer
2.15. What Is the Difference Between an Electrometer and an Electroscope?
2.16. Earthing
2.17. Measurement of the Potential Difference in Air. Electric Probe
2.18. Electric Field of the Earth
2.19. Simple Electric Field Configurations
2.20. Charge Distribution in a Conductor. Faraday’s Cage
2.21. Surface Charge Density
2.22. Capacitors
2.23. Types of Capacitors
2.24. Parallel and Series Connection of Capacitors
2.25. Dielectric Permittivity
2.26. Why Is Electric Field Weakened in a Dielectric? Polarization of Dielectrics
2.27. Energy of Charged Bodies. Energy of Electric Field
Chapter 3 Direct Current
3.1. Electric Current and Electromotive Force
3.2. Manifestations of Electric Current
3.3. Direction of Current
3.4. Strength of Current
3.5. “Velocity of Electric Current” and Velocity of Charge Carriers
3.6. Galvanometer
3.7. Voltage Distribution in a Current-Carrying Conductor
3.8. Ohm’s Law
3.9 Resistance of Wires
3.10. Temperature Dependence of Resistance
3.11. Superconductivity
3.12. Series and Parallel Connection of Wires
3.13. Rheostats
3.14. Voltage Distribution in a Circuit. “Losses” in Wires
3.15. Voltmeter
3.16. What Must Be the Resistances of a Voltmeter and an Ammeter?
3.17. Shunting of Measuring Instruments
Chapter 4 Thermal Effect of Current
4.1. Heating by Current. Joule\'s Law
4.2. Work Done by Electric Current
4.3. Power of a Current
4.4. Resistance Welding
4.5. Electric Heating Appliances. Electric Furnaces
4.6. Design of Heating Appliances
4.7. Incandescent Lamps
4.8. Short-Circuiting. Fuses
4.9. Electric Wiring
Chapter 5 Electric Current in Electrolytes
5.1. Faraday’s First Law of Electrolysis
5.2. Faraday’s Second Law of Electrolysis
5.3. Ionic Conduction in Electrolytes
5.4. Motion o f Ions in Electrolytes
5.5. Elementary Electric Charge
5.6. Primary and Secondary Processes in Electrolysis
5.7. Electrolytic Dissociation
5.8. Graduating Ammeters with the Help of Electrolysis
5.9. Technical Applications of Electrolysis
Chapter 6 Chemical and Thermal Generators
6.1. Introduction. Volta’s Discovery
6.2. Volta’s Rule. Galvanic Cell
6.3. Emergence of EMF and Current in a Galvanic Cell
6.4. Polarization of Electrodes
6.5. Depolarization in Galvanic Cells
6.6. Accumulators
6.7. Ohm’s Law for Closed Circuits
6.8. Voltage Across the Terminals of a Current Source and EMF
6.9. Connection of Current Sources
6.10. Thermocouples
6.11. Thermocouples as Generators
6.12. Measurement of Temperature with the Help of Thermocouples
Chapter 7 Electric Current in Metals
7.1. Electron Conduction in Metals
7.2. Structure of Metals
7.3. Reasons Behind Electric Resistance
7.4. Work Function
7.5. Emission of Electrons by Incandescent Bodies
Chapter 8 Electric Current in Gases
8.1. Intrinsic and Induced Conduction in Gases
8.2. Induced Conduction in a Gas
8.3. Spark Discharge
8.4. Lightning
8.5. Corona Discharge
8.6. Applications of Corona Discharge
8.7. Lightning Conductor
8.8. Electric Arc
8.9. Applications of Arc Discharge
8.10. Glow Discharge
8.11. What Occurs During a Glow Discharge?
8.12. Cathode Rays
8.13. Nature of Cathode Rays
8.14. Canal (Positive) Rays
8.15. Electron Conduction in a High Vacuum
8.16. Electron Tubes
8.17. Cathode-Ray Tube
Chapter 9 Electric Current in Semiconductors
9.1. Nature of Electric Current in Semiconductors
9.2. Motion of Electrons in Semiconductors, p- and n-Type Semiconductors
9.3. Semiconductor Rectifiers
9.4. Semiconductor Photocells
Chapter 10 Basic Magnetic Phenomena
10.1. Natural and Artificial Magnets
10.2. Poles of a Magnet and Its Neutral Zone
10.3. Magnetic Effect of Electric Current
10.4. Magnetic Effects of Currents and Permanent Magnets
10.5. Origin of the Magnetic Field of Permanent Magnets. Coulomb’s Experiment
10.6. Ampere’s Hypothesis on Elementary Currents
Chapter 11 Magnetic Field
11.1. Magnetic Field and Its Manifestations. Magnetic Induction
11.2. Magnetic Moment. Unit of Magnetic Induction
11.3. Measurement of Magnetic Induction with the Help of Magnetic Needle
11.4. Composition of Magnetic Fields
11.5. Magnetic Field Lines
11.6. Instruments for Measuring Magnetic Induction
Chapter 12 Magnetic Field of Current
12.1.Magnetic Field of a Straight Conductor and of a Circular Current Loop. Right-Hand Screw Rule
12.2. Magnetic Field of a Solenoid. Equivalence of a Solenoid and a Bar Magnet
12.3. Magnetic Field in a Solenoid. Magnetic Field Strength
12.4. Magnetic Field of Moving Charges
Chapter 13 Magnetic Field of the Earth
13.1. Magnetic Field of the Earth
13.2. Dements of the Earth\'s Magnetism
13.3. Magnetic Anomalies and Magnetometric Prospecting of Mineral Resources
13.4. Time Variation of Elements of the Earth’s Magnetic Field. Magnetic Storms
Chapter 14 Forces Acting on Current-Carrying Conductors in a Magnetic Field
14.1. Introduction
14.2. Effect of a Magnetic Field on a Straight Current-Carrying Conductor. Left-Hand Rule
14.3. Effect of a Magnetic Field on a Current Loop or on a Solenoid
14.4. Galvanometer Based on Interaction of Magnetic Field and Current
14.5. Lorentz Force
14.6. Lorentz Force and Aurora Borealis
Chapter 15 Electromagnetic Induction
15.1. Conditions for Emergence of Induced Current
15.2. Direction of Induced Current. Lenz’s Law
15.3. Basic Law of Electromagnetic Induction
15.4. Induced EMF
15.5. Electromagnetic Induction and Lorentz Force
15.6. Induced Currents in Bulky Conductors. Foucault Currents
Chapter 16 Magnetic Properties of Bodies
16.1. Magnetic Permeability of Iron
16.2. Permeability of Different Materials. Paramagnetics and Diamagnetics
16.3. Motion of Paramagnetics and Diamagnetics in a Magnetic Field. Faraday’s Experiments
16.4. Molecular Theory of Magnetism
16.5. Magnetic Protection
16.6. Properties of Ferromagnetics
16.7. Fundamentals of the Theory of Ferromagnetism
Chapter 17 Alternating Current
17.1. Constant and Alternating Electromotive Force
17.2. Experimental Investigation of the Form of an Alternating Current. Oscillograph
17.3. Amplitude, Frequency and Phase of Sinusoidal Alternating Current and Voltage
17.4. Strength of Alternating Current
17.5. A.C. Ammeters and Voltmeters
17.6. Self-Induction
17.7. Inductance of a Coil
17.8. Alternating Current Through a Capacitor and a Large- Inductance Coil
17.9. Ohm’s Law for Alternating Current. Capacitive and Inductive Reactances
17.10. Summation of Currents for Parallel Connection of Elements in an A. C. Circuit
17.11. Summation of Voltages in Series Connection of Elements of an A.C. Circuit
7.12. Phase Shift Between Current and Voltage
17.13. Power of Alternating Current
17.14. Transformers
17.15. Centralized Production and Distribution of Electric Power
17.16. Rectification of Alternating Current
Chapter 18 Electric Machines: Generators, Motors and Electromagnets
18.1. A.C. Generators
18.3. Separately Excited and Self-Excited Generators
18.4. Three-Phase Current
18.5. Three-Phase Electric Motor
18.6. D.C. Motors
18.7. Basic Operating Characteristics and Features of D.C. Motors with Shunt and Series Excitation
18.8. Efficiency of Generators and Motors
18.9. Reversibility of D. C. Generators
18.10. Electromagnets
18.11. Application of Electromagnets
18.12. Relays and Their Application in Engineering and Automatic Control
18.2. D.C. Generators
Answers and Solutions
Appendices
1. Fundamental Physical Constants
2. Factors and Prefixes Used with the SI Units
Index
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