دانلود کتاب English for Academic Correspondence and Socializing

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What are the three most important things I will learn from this book?......Page 4
How is this book organized?......Page 5
Glossary......Page 6
Other books in this series......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
Part I Email......Page 20
1 Subject Lines......Page 21
1.3 Use the subject line to give your complete message......Page 23
1.6 Include pertinent details for the recipient......Page 24
1.7 Examples of subject lines......Page 25
2 Beginnings and Endings......Page 26
2.2 Use an appropriate initial salutation and be careful with titles......Page 28
2.3 Avoid problems when it is not clear if the recipient is male or female, or which is their surname......Page 29
2.5 Remind the recipient who you are when previous contact has only been brief......Page 30
2.6 Use standard phrases rather than translations from your own language......Page 31
2.8 If there has been no previous contact, give reason for your email immediately......Page 32
2.10 Make it clear who should read your email and what it is you are requesting......Page 33
2.11 Avoid templates for beginnings and endings......Page 34
2.13 Don't use a sequence of standard phrases in your final salutation......Page 36
2.15 Avoid PSs and anything under your signature......Page 37
3 Structuring the Content of an Email......Page 38
3.2 Organize the information in your email in the most logical order and only include what is necessary......Page 40
3.3 Minimize mistakes in your English by writing short and simple emails......Page 42
3.4 Be concise and precise......Page 43
3.5 Use short sentences and choose the best grammatical subject......Page 44
3.6 Use the correct word order......Page 45
3.7 Bear in mind that long emails will be scrolled......Page 48
3.8 Use link words in long emails to show connections and to draw attention to important points......Page 49
3.9 Avoid ambiguity......Page 50
3.10 When using pronouns ensure that it is 100% clear to the recipient what noun the pronoun refers to......Page 51
3.12 Be aware of the importance of an email---not just for you or your recipient, but also for a third party......Page 52
3.13 Check your spelling and grammar......Page 53
3.15 If the mail is very important, have it checked by an expert......Page 55
4 Requests and Replies......Page 56
4.2 Give the recipient all the information they need......Page 58
4.3 Consider not sending an attachment to someone with whom you have had no previous contact......Page 59
4.4 Include all the relevant information that the recipient needs to assess your request......Page 60
4.5 Make all your requests 100% clear......Page 61
4.6 Lay out your request clearly......Page 62
4.7 Avoid blocks of text and don't force your reader to make sense of everything......Page 63
4.8 For multiple requests, include a mini summary at the end of the email......Page 64
4.9 Ensure that your layout and organization give the recipient a positive impression......Page 66
4.10 In replies to requests consider inserting your answers within the body of the sender's email......Page 67
4.11 Don't experiment with your English, instead copy / adapt the English of the sender......Page 69
4.12 Insert friendly comments within the body of the sender's text......Page 70
4.13 Give deadlines......Page 71
4.14 Motivate the recipient to reply by empathizing with their situation or by paying them a compliment......Page 72
5 Building a Relationship and Deciding the Level of Formality......Page 73
5.1 Use common interests to establish and cement a relationship......Page 75
5.3 Adopt a non-aggressive approach......Page 76
5.4 Be careful of your tone when asking people to do something for you......Page 77
5.5 Use appropriate language and don't mix levels of formality......Page 79
5.6 Show your recipient respect and motivate them to reply......Page 80
5.8 Note any differences in style and level of formality between English and your language......Page 82
5.10 Judge whether the email you have received is formal or informal and reply accordingly......Page 84
5.11 An example of how a simple request can lead to a possible collaboration......Page 88
Part II Writing and Responding to Reviews......Page 90
6 Requesting and Writing an Informal Review of a Colleague's Work......Page 91
6.1 Give explicit instructions about how you want the recipient to review your work......Page 93
6.2 Carefully construct and organize your comments on your colleague's manuscript......Page 94
6.3 Use the first lines to say something positive......Page 95
6.4 Be constructive in your criticism......Page 96
6.5 Be diplomatic and make detailed comments rather than unspecific observations......Page 98
6.6 Avoid being too direct when asking for clarification and making suggestions......Page 99
6.7 Conclude your report by saying something positive......Page 100
6.9 Be diplomatic when sending reminders......Page 101
6.10 Be appreciative when thanking someone for doing an informal review of your work......Page 102
7 Writing a Peer Review......Page 104
7.2 Read your journal's review guidelines......Page 106
7.3 How to structure a referee's report: (1) acceptance subject to revisions......Page 108
7.6 Bear in mind the authors' expectations of you as a reviewer......Page 109
7.8 Use the sandwich approach: begin and end on a positive note......Page 110
7.9 Use a soft approach when criticizing......Page 112
7.10 Dont just use should to make recommendations......Page 113
7.12 Make sure your comments are explicit and explain how they could be implemented......Page 114
7.14 Don't make indiscriminate comments about the level of English......Page 116
7.16 My plea to referees with regard to author's level of English......Page 118
8 Writing a Reply to the Reviewers' Reports......Page 120
8.2 Present your answers to the reviewers using the clearest possible layout......Page 122
8.5 Dont be embarrassed to say you don't understand the referee's comments......Page 124
8.7 Justify why and where you have not made changes......Page 125
8.8 If you disagree with the reviewers, always be diplomatic......Page 126
8.9 Don't find things to criticize in the referee's work or in the workings of the journal......Page 127
8.10 Be aware of what might happen if you ignore the referee's advice......Page 129
9 Communicating with the Editor......Page 131
9.1 Focus only on what you need to achieve......Page 133
9.2 Ensure your cover letter is clear and accurate......Page 134
9.4 Be diplomatic in any emails to check the progress of your manuscript......Page 136
Part III Telephone and Teleconference Calls......Page 139
10 Preparing for and Setting Up a Phone Call......Page 140
10.3 Consider using an email as a preliminary information exchange before the call......Page 142
10.6 Beware of ringing people on their mobile phone......Page 143
10.8 Help the person that you want to speak to......Page 144
10.12 Avoid being too direct......Page 145
10.13 Take notes during the call and summarize the important points at the end of the call......Page 146
10.15 Follow up with an email......Page 147
11 Leaving a Telephone Message......Page 148
11.3 Make the call as interactive as possible......Page 150
11.4 Spell names out clearly using the International Alphabet or equivalent......Page 151
11.5 Practice spelling out addresses......Page 152
11.6 When spelling out telephone numbers, read each digit individually......Page 153
11.7 Consider sending a fax, rather than an email, confirming what has been said......Page 154
12 Conference Calls......Page 155
12.4 Establish rules for the call......Page 157
12.6 Remind participants about the agenda......Page 158
12.9 Be prepared for what to do and what to say if you "arrive" late......Page 159
12.12 Announce that the call is reaching an end......Page 160
12.13 A note on videoconferences......Page 161
Part IV Dealing with Native English Speakers......Page 162
13 How to Improve Your Understanding of Native English Speakers......Page 163
13.2 Be aware that not understanding a native speaker may have little to do with vocabulary......Page 165
13.3 Understand why you don't understand......Page 166
13.4 Learn how to recognize key words......Page 167
13.6 Improve your listening habits......Page 169
13.7 Don't immediately blame cultural differences for misunderstandings......Page 170
14 What to Do if You Don't Understand What Someone Says......Page 171
14.1 Be reassured that even native English speakers sometimes do not understand each other......Page 173
14.3 Identify the part of the phrase that you did not understand......Page 174
14.4 Identify the key word that you did not understand......Page 176
14.5 Avoid confusion between similar sounding words......Page 177
14.6 Turn your misunderstanding into something positive......Page 178
15 How to Improve Your Pronunciation......Page 179
15.2 Learn to listen to the correct pronunciation......Page 181
15.3 Word stress: two syllables......Page 182
15.5 Word stress: three syllables......Page 183
15.6 Word stress: multi-syllables......Page 184
15.8 Sentence stress......Page 185
16 Exploiting Audiovisual Resources......Page 187
16.2 TED.com......Page 189
16.4 Movies......Page 190
16.7 Subtitles......Page 191
16.10 Give yourself a clear objective......Page 192
Part V Socializing......Page 193
17 Preparing for Social Events......Page 194
17.1 Exploit conferences for publishing your research and for networking......Page 196
17.3 Learn what topics of conversation are not acceptable for particular nationalities......Page 197
17.4 Think of other safe topics that involve cultural similarities rather than just differences......Page 198
17.5 If you live near the conference location, be prepared to answer questions on your town......Page 199
17.6 Prepare anecdotes that you can recount over dinner......Page 200
17.7 Practice being at the center of attention in low-risk situations......Page 201
17.9 Decide in advance which key people you want to meet......Page 202
17.10 Email your key person in advance of the conference......Page 203
17.12 Find out as much as you can about your key person, but be discreet......Page 204
17.13 Encourage your key person to come to your presentation or poster session......Page 205
18 Introducing Yourself and Conducting One-to-One Meetings......Page 206
18.1 Learn how to introduce yourself for both formal and informal occasions......Page 208
18.3 Prepare strategies for introducing yourself to a presenter after his / her presentation......Page 209
18.4 Learn how to introduce yourself to a group of people......Page 210
18.5 Exploit opportunities for introductions at the coffee machine......Page 211
18.6 Be prepared for what to say if your proposal for a meeting is not accepted......Page 212
18.8 Prepare well for any informal one-to-one meetings......Page 213
18.9 Be positive throughout informal one-to-one meetings......Page 214
DIALOG 1......Page 215
DIALOG 2......Page 216
DIALOG 3......Page 217
18.11 Ensure that you follow up on your meeting......Page 218
19 How to Have Successful Social Conversations......Page 219
19.1 Analyze what makes a successful conversation......Page 221
19.3 Be aware of what is and what is not interesting for your interlocutor......Page 223
19.4 Begin by making small talk......Page 224
19.5 Show interest......Page 225
19.6 Ask open questions......Page 226
19.8 Encourage your interlocutor to continue talking on the same topic......Page 227
19.9 Make "announcements" rather than asking all the questions......Page 228
19.11 Avoid dominating the conversation......Page 229
19.13 Involve everyone in the conversation......Page 230
19.15 Avoid sounding rude......Page 231
19.16 Express disagreement diplomatically......Page 232
19.17 Be prepared for dealing with difficult questions......Page 233
19.18 Direct the conversation to areas where you have a wider vocabulary or knowledge......Page 234
19.19 Have ready excuses for ending a conversation......Page 235
19.21 Bear in mind cultural differences......Page 236
Part VI Checking Your English......Page 237
20 Tense Usage......Page 238
20.1 Use of the present simple......Page 240
20.3 Use of the present continuous......Page 241
20.4 Non-use of continuous forms......Page 242
20.5 Future simple [will]......Page 243
20.6 Future continuous......Page 244
20.7 be going to......Page 245
20.8 Past simple......Page 246
20.9 Present perfect simple......Page 247
20.10 Present perfect continuous......Page 248
20.12 The imperative form......Page 249
20.14 Second conditional......Page 250
20.15 Third conditional......Page 251
20.16 Modal verbs expressing ability and possibility: can, could, may, might......Page 252
20.17 Modal verbs expressing advice and obligation: have to, must, need, should......Page 253
20.18 Modal verbs for offers, requests, invitations, and suggestions: can, may, could, would, shall, will......Page 254
21 Using Google to Reduce Mistakes in Your English......Page 256
21.1 What typical mistakes do non-native researchers make when translating into English?......Page 258
21.2 How accurate is a Google translation of a technical document?......Page 260
21.3 How accurate is a Google translation of an email?......Page 261
21.5 Can I write in a mixture of my language and English?......Page 262
21.6 What typical mistakes does Google Translate make?......Page 263
21.7 How can I improve the chances that Google Translate will produce a good translation?......Page 265
21.8 How can I check my English using Google?......Page 266
21.10 How should I use * and “. . .” in a Google search?......Page 268
21.11 How should I interpret the results of a Google search?......Page 269
21.13 Are Google Translate and the Google Search engines accurate enough for me not to have to do any subsequent revisions?......Page 270
Part VII Useful Phrases......Page 271
22 Email......Page 272
22.3 Phrase before final salutation......Page 273
22.4 Giving main reason for message......Page 274
22.6 Asking favors / giving help......Page 275
22.8 Making inquiries......Page 276
22.9 Replying to inquiries......Page 277
22.11 Giving and responding to deadlines......Page 278
22.13 Making arrangements for meetings and teleconferences......Page 279
22.14 Problems......Page 280
22.15 Asking for and giving clarification......Page 281
22.17 Apologizing......Page 282
22.18 Sending attachments......Page 283
22.20 Circular emails......Page 284
23.1 Sending documents for informal revision......Page 285
23.2 Receiving and commenting on documents for informal revision......Page 286
23.3 Referees reports......Page 287
23.4 Author's reply to referees and editors......Page 288
24.1 Introductions......Page 290
24.3 Receiving calls......Page 291
24.5 Leaving a message......Page 292
24.6 Taking a message......Page 293
24.9 Chasing and getting updates......Page 294
24.10 Giving and asking for deadlines......Page 295
24.12 Checking and clarifying......Page 296
24.15 Leaving a voicemail......Page 297
24.17 Saying goodbye......Page 298
25.2 Asking for repetition......Page 299
25.3 Clarifying......Page 300
26.2 Meeting people who you have met before......Page 302
26.4 Arranging meetings......Page 303
26.5 At an informal one-to-one meeting......Page 304
26.6 General requests and offers......Page 305
26.7 At the bar and restaurant......Page 306
26.8 At the hotel......Page 309
26.9 Saying goodbye......Page 310
Links and References......Page 311
Acknowledgments for supplying me with emails and referees' reports......Page 313
Sources of the Factoids......Page 314
About the Author......Page 318
Index......Page 319