دانلود کتاب English Word Stress

فهرست مطالب :

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Original Title Page
Original Copyright Page
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface
1 Introduction
1.1 What Is Stress?
1.2 The Notation
1.3 Kingdon’s Innovations
1.4 The Approach of Chomsky and Halle
1.5 The Work of Paul Garde
Exercises and Further Reading
2 Preliminaries
2.1 General Outline of the Approach
2.2 Words and Syllables
2.3 Words and Morphemes
Exercises and Further Reading
3 Stress in Simple Roots
3.1 The Basic Rules
3.2 Secondary Stress
3.3 Stress-Shifts in Noun-Verb Pairs
Exercises and Further Reading
Appendix 3.1 Finally-Stressed Simple Roots
(a) Words Other than Proper Nouns
(b) Geographical Proper Names (Select List)
(c) Personal Proper Names (Select List)
Appendix 3.2 Simple Roots with Anomalous Non-Final Main Stress
(a) Words with Penultimate Stress where Our Rules Predict Antepenultimate Stress
(b) Words with Antepenultimate Stress where Our Rules Predict Penultimate Stress
4 Suffixes and Stress
4.1 Inflectional and Other Stress-Neutral Suffixes
4.2 ‘Autostressed’ Suffixes
4.3 ‘Pre-Stressed’ Suffixes
4.4 ‘Mixed’ Suffixes
4.5 Secondary Stress by Suffix
Exercises and Further Reading
Appendix 4.1 List of Suffixes with their Properties
Appendix 4.2 List of Words with Mixed Suffixes
5 Stress in Compounds
5.1 Compounds with Initial Stress
5.2 Compounds with Final Stress
5.3 Contextually-Determined Stress-Shift
5.4 Compounds Involving Bound Forms
Exercises and Further Reading
Appendix 5.1 Construction-Type and Stress-Type
Appendix 5.2 Bound Compound-Initials and their Accentual Properties
6 Prefixes and Stress
6.1 Stress-Neutral Prefixes
6.2 Stress-Repellent Prefixes
6.3 Prefixes and Noun-Verb Pairs
6.4 ‘Mixed’ Prefixes
Exercises and Further Reading
Appendix 6.1 List of Prefixes and their Accentual Properties
Appendix 6.2 Stress-Shift across Parts of Speech for Words Involving Prefixes but No Suffixes
(a) Words in which No Stress-Shift Takes Place
(b) Words in which Stress-Shift Does Occur
7 Vowel Quality Changes
7.1 Vowel Reduction in Relation to Secondary Stress
7.2 Syllable Types Protected from Reducing
7.3 Vowel Shortening Rules
7.4 Vowel Lengthening Rules
Exercises and Further Reading
Appendix 7.1 Anomalies in Vowel Reduction
(a)-(c) Expected Reduction Not Applied
(d)-(f) Reduction Applied Unexpectedly
Appendix 7.2 Anomalies in Vowel Shortening
(a) Exceptions to Shortening before Suffixes
(b) Exceptions to Trisyllabic Shortening Other than before Suffixes
Appendix 7.3 Anomalies in Vowel Lengthening
Solutions to Exercises
Index