دانلود کتاب Environmental Processes and Management: Tools and Practices for Groundwater (Water Science and Technology Library, 120)

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Contents\nContributors\nAbbreviations\n1 Non-invasive Subsurface Groundwater Exploration Techniques\n 1.1 Non-invasive Methods\n 1.1.1 Applications of the ERT and Surface NMR\n 1.2 Principles of Electrical Resistivity Tomography\n 1.2.1 Schlumberger Array Configuration\n 1.2.2 Wenner Array Configuration\n 1.2.3 Dipole–Dipole Array Configuration\n 1.2.4 2D Electrical Resistivity Tomography\n 1.2.5 ERT Survey at Belra, Roorkee\n 1.3 The Principle of Surface NMR\n 1.3.1 Surface NMR Survey at Belra, Roorkee\n 1.4 Summary\n References\n2 Numerical Solution of Space Fractional Advection–Dispersion Equation and Application\n 2.1 Introduction\n 2.2 Theoretical Concepts\n 2.2.1 Equations Influencing ADE\n 2.2.2 Equations Influencing sFADE\n 2.2.3 sFADE Equations and Its Numerical Solution\n 2.2.4 Experimental Procedure\n 2.2.5 Results and Discussion\n 2.3 Summary\n References\n3 Contaminant Transport Modeling for Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Porous Systems Using MODFLOW Models-Based Scripting Python Package\n 3.1 Introduction\n 3.2 Methodology\n 3.2.1 Modeling Approach\n 3.3 Results and Discussion\n 3.3.1 Analyzing Non-linear and Non-equilibrium Sorption Isotherms Using 1-D Reactive Transport Modeling\n 3.3.2 Analyzing the Contaminant Plume Evolution Dynamics for the Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Porous Systems Using 2-D Vertical Transport Model\n 3.4 Conclusion\n References\n4 Site Suitability Analysis for Identification of Riverbank Filtration (RBF) Sites: Case Study of the Alaknanda River Basin\n 4.1 GIS-Based Site Suitability Analysis\n 4.1.1 Methodology for Suitable Site Identification\n 4.1.2 Data and Software\n 4.2 General Boundary Defining for Analysis\n 4.2.1 Defining Horizontal and Vertical Boundary\n 4.3 Different Thematic Maps for Suitability Analysis\n 4.3.1 Land Use/Land Cover\n 4.3.2 Stream Network Map\n 4.3.3 Geological Map\n 4.3.4 Slope Map\n 4.4 Scoring and Ranking of Thematic Maps\n 4.5 Suitability Map with Weighting System\n 4.6 Groundwater Flow Modeling\n 4.6.1 Area and Grid Formation for Model\n 4.6.2 Input Parameters for Modeling\n 4.6.3 Drawdown\n 4.6.4 Particle Transport\n 4.7 Riverbank Purification Capacity Analysis\n 4.7.1 River Meandering and Its River Water Purification Capacity\n 4.7.2 Water Filtration Quantity\n 4.8 Discussion\n 4.9 Conclusion\n References\n5 A Systematic Review on Groundwater Management: Opportunities and Challenges\n 5.1 Introduction\n 5.2 The Role of Groundwater\n 5.2.1 Importance\n 5.3 Groundwater Management and Challenges\n 5.4 Climate Change and Groundwater\n 5.4.1 Impacts\n 5.5 Opportunities for Improving Groundwater Management\n 5.6 Conclusions and Recommendations\n References\n6 Chemicals in the Water: A Serious Concern for the Humans and Aquatic Life\n 6.1 Introduction\n 6.2 Major Chemicals Toxicants of Water Environment\n 6.2.1 Heavy Metals\n 6.3 Pesticides\n 6.4 Radioactive Waste\n 6.5 Conclusion and Recommendation\n References\n7 Potential Impacts of Climatic Changes and Human Activity on Water Quality\n 7.1 Introduction\n 7.2 Water Contamination\n 7.3 Conclusion and Perspective\n References\n8 Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment Using Drastic Method: A Case Study of Bhilwara District, Rajasthan\n 8.1 Introduction\n 8.1.1 Scope of the Work\n 8.1.2 Objectives\n 8.2 Study Area\n 8.2.1 General Depiction\n 8.2.2 Topography\n 8.2.3 Geological Setup\n 8.2.4 Hydrogeology\n 8.3 Methodology\n 8.3.1 Introduction\n 8.3.2 Procedure\n 8.3.3 Preparing Layer Maps\n 8.3.4 Violation\n 8.3.5 Mapping of Hotspots\n 8.3.6 Overlay Analysis\n 8.3.7 Calculation of Water Quality Index\n 8.4 Results and Discussions\n 8.4.1 Evaluation of Vulnerability\n 8.4.2 Validation\n 8.4.3 Evaluation of %Age Violation W.R.T Drinking Water Standard\n 8.4.4 Overlay\n 8.4.5 Water Quality Index (WQI)\n 8.5 Conclusions\n References\n9 Exploring the Sustainable Water Management and Human Well Being Nexus in Indian Context\n 9.1 Introduction\n 9.1.1 Water Policy Needs for Sustainable Management\n 9.2 Study Area and Rationale for the Study\n 9.3 Preliminary Studies\n 9.3.1 Groundwater Quality\n 9.3.2 Results of Informal Survey\n 9.4 Investigations Undertaken\n 9.4.1 Defluoridation Potential of Local Clays\n 9.4.2 Alternate Rainwater Harvesting System for JUET\n 9.4.3 Feasibility Studies for Multiple Aerobic Lagoons\n 9.5 Tradeoffs for Policy Framework\n 9.5.1 Centralized Administration Versus Decentralized Participatory Approaches\n 9.5.2 Energy Efficiency Versus Land Availability\n 9.5.3 Replenishment of Resources Versus Consumption Patterns\n 9.5.4 Natural Pollutants Versus Anthropogenic Pollutants\n 9.5.5 Actual Scenario Versus Awareness Among Stakeholders\n 9.5.6 Ecological Concerns Versus Economics of Management\n 9.6 Concluding Remarks\n References\n10 Linkages of Surface Water with Groundwater for Water Resource Management in Water Deficit Region of India\n 10.1 Introduction\n 10.2 Surface and Groundwater Potential Along with Its Availability\n 10.2.1 Hydrologic Response Unit and Surface Runoff Potential\n 10.2.2 Modeling of Groundwater Recharge Potential and Availability\n 10.3 Integration of Surface Water and Groundwater\n 10.4 Conclusions\n References\n11 Water Resource Management—A Sustainable Approach Towards Ground Water Conservation\n 11.1 Introduction\n 11.2 Materials and Methods\n 11.2.1 Components of Watershed Management\n 11.2.2 Watershed Management Practices\n 11.3 Result and Discussion\n 11.3.1 Watershed Management\n 11.4 Conclusion\n References\n12 Evaluation of Hydrogeological Models and Big Data for Quantifying Groundwater Use in Regional River Systems\n 12.1 Introduction\n 12.2 Study Area\n 12.2.1 Hydrogeological Characteristics\n 12.2.2 Groundwater Resources\n 12.3 Materials and Methods\n 12.3.1 Big Data Collection\n 12.3.2 Hydrogeological Modeling Using SWAT-FEM Model\n 12.3.3 Quantifying Groundwater Use\n 12.4 Results and Discussion\n 12.4.1 True Groundwater Trends\n 12.4.2 Hydrogeological Predictions Using SWAT-FEM\n 12.4.3 SWAT-FEM-Based Groundwater Predictions\n 12.4.4 Variation of Spatiotemporal Groundwater Use\n 12.5 Conclusions\n References\n13 Integrated Water Resources Management: Perspective for State of Uttarakhand, India\n 13.1 Introduction\n 13.1.1 Integrated Water Resources Management\n 13.2 Water Issues of Uttarakhand\n 13.3 River Morphology and Its Effects\n 13.3.1 River Morphology\n 13.3.2 Theoretical Value for Sinuosity\n 13.3.3 Relationship Between Purification Capacity and Sinuosity\n 13.3.4 Riverbank Filtration as an Element of IWRM\n 13.4 Role of Geographical Information System (GIS) in IWRM\n 13.4.1 Use of GIS and RS in Land Suitability Analysis\n 13.4.2 Groundwater Flow Modeling for Purification Capacity Analysis\n 13.5 Conclusion\n References\n14 Water Resource Estimation and Management: Case Study of the Alaknanda River Basin\n 14.1 Study Area: Alaknanda River Basin\n 14.1.1 Geography and Geology\n 14.1.2 Hydrology\n 14.1.3 River Morphology\n 14.1.4 Demography\n 14.1.5 Climate Condition\n 14.1.6 Rainfall, Temperature and Humidity\n 14.1.7 The Main Towns and Features of the River Stretch\n 14.1.8 Hydroelectric Dam\n 14.2 Existing Water Sources of Study Area\n 14.2.1 Ground Water\n 14.2.2 Spring Water\n 14.2.3 Rainwater\n 14.2.4 Surface Water\n 14.3 River Water Quality\n 14.4 Water Demand\n 14.4.1 Domestic Water Demand\n 14.4.2 Agriculture Water Demand\n 14.4.3 Options to Meet the Agricultural Water Demand\n 14.4.4 Gaps in Water Supply and Demand\n 14.5 Existing Water Abstraction and Treatment Schemes\n 14.5.1 Management Issues in Water Abstraction and Supply\n 14.5.2 Sewage Water Management\n 14.5.3 Higher Capital Costs\n 14.5.4 Higher Operation and Maintenance Costs\n 14.6 Summary\n References\n15 Impact of Flooding on Agricultural Crops—An Overview\n 15.1 Impact of Flooding on Soil Properties\n References\n16 Study of Rising Surface Water Levels on Land Submergence and Groundwater\n 16.1 Introduction\n 16.2 Study Area\n 16.3 Methodology\n 16.4 Hydrological Analysis\n 16.4.1 About Terrain Preprocessing\n 16.4.2 Data Management—Terrain Preprocessing\n 16.4.3 Drainage Network\n 16.5 Creation of Potential Flooding Sites\n 16.6 Evaluation of Submergence Area\n 16.7 Impacts of Urbanization on Groundwater Systems and Recharge\n 16.8 Outlook for Groundwater in Urban Area\n 16.8.1 Rainfall Recharge\n 16.8.2 Method of Fluctuation of Groundwater Levels\n 16.9 Assessment of Groundwater in Water Level Depletion Zones\n 16.10 Groundwater Status in Lucknow City\n 16.11 Conclusions\n References\n17 Impact of Climatic Changes on Groundwater Regime: A Case Study of Tinsukia District, Assam, India\n 17.1 Introduction\n 17.2 Study Area\n 17.3 Data Source\n 17.4 Data Processing\n 17.4.1 MK Test\n 17.4.2 Sen’s Slope Estimation\n 17.5 Result and Discussion\n 17.5.1 Trend Analysis for Temperature\n 17.5.2 Trend Analysis for Rainfall\n 17.5.3 Trend Analysis for Groundwater Level\n 17.6 Conclusion\n References\n18 Evaluation of Groundwater Contamination Due to Solid Waste Management\n 18.1 Introduction\n 18.2 Scenario of Solid Waste in India\n 18.3 Impact of Solid Waste on Groundwater Quality\n 18.4 Assessment and Monitoring of Groundwater\n 18.5 Effects of Decomposition of Waste Products on Groundwater Quality\n 18.6 Effects of Gas on Groundwater\n 18.7 Conclusions\n References\n19 Groundwater Toxicity Link to Epidemiology of Parkinson’s Disease\n 19.1 Introduction\n 19.2 Overview of Groundwater and Usage\n 19.3 Overview of Groundwater Toxicity\n 19.4 Overview of Parkinson’s Disease\n 19.4.1 Overall Disease Burden\n 19.4.2 Identifying Etiology\n 19.4.3 Understanding Pathogenesis of Organic Molecule\n 19.4.4 Toxicological Evidence of Pesticides\n 19.5 Conclusion\n References\n20 GIS for Groundwater Resources and Contamination Risk Assessment\n 20.1 Introduction\n 20.2 Applications of GIS in Water Resources\n 20.3 Applications of GIS in Groundwater Hydrology\n 20.4 Application of GIS for Assessment and Exploration of Groundwater Resources\n 20.5 GIS Application for Groundwater Pollution Hazard Assessment and Protection Planning\n 20.6 Limitations of GIS for Groundwater Resource Management\n 20.7 Conclusions and Discussions\n References\n21 Water Quality Modelling and Parameter Assessment Using Machine Learning Algorithms: A Case Study of Ganga and Yamuna Rivers in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India\n 21.1 Introduction\n 21.2 Methodology\n 21.2.1 Details of Sampling Sites\n 21.2.2 Correlation Matrix\n 21.2.3 ANN\n 21.2.4 GA\n 21.2.5 Linear Correlation\n 21.3 Results and Discussion\n 21.3.1 Selection of Modelling Parameters\n 21.3.2 Simulation of Prediction Models Based on Selected Parameters\n 21.3.3 Comparison for Results from the General Predictive Models\n 21.4 Conclusions\n References\n22 Response of Groundwater Level to Climate Variability: A Case Study of Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India\n 22.1 Introduction\n 22.2 Methodology\n 22.3 Study Area\n 22.4 Data Set\n 22.5 Results and Discussion\n 22.5.1 Nonparametric Test Results of Two Climatic Variables—Annual Average Rainfall and Temperature\n 22.5.2 Nonparametric Test Results of GroundWater Level (GWL)\n 22.6 Conclusion\n References