دانلود کتاب Essays on the Visualisation of Legal Informatics (Law, Governance and Technology Series, 54)

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Preface
References
Contents
Part I: Legal Visualisation
Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Textuality Will Decline and Programming Will Increase
1.2 A General Schema for Visualisation
1.3 Differences Between Verbal Writing and Pictorial Writing
1.4 Situational Visualisation
References
Chapter 2: Situation Versus Case
2.1 Examples of Situations
2.2 Characterisation of Situations and Cases
2.3 On a Notation for Situations
References
Chapter 3: Visualisation as a Tertium Comparationis Within Multilingual Communities
3.1 A Link from the Visualisation of Meaning to Tertium Comparationis
3.2 Communication Patterns
3.2.1 Tertium Communicationis-The Third in Communication
3.2.2 Communication Top-down and Bottom-up and Translation
3.2.3 Two Directions: From Natural Language to Professional Juristic Language and Vice Versa
3.3 From Text to Visualisation and to Model
3.3.1 Text-Visualisation Correspondence
3.3.2 Visual Products as Tertium Comparationis
References
Chapter 4: Structural Legal Visualisation
4.1 Proposed Variants of Structural Legal Visualisation
4.2 Motivation
4.3 Legal Visualisation
4.4 Dynamic SLV
4.5 Static SLV
4.5.1 Incremental SLV
4.5.2 Alternate Focuses SLV
4.5.3 Legal Narratives
4.6 Related Work
4.6.1 Specifics of SLV: Visualising Legal Meanings
4.6.2 Relevance of Legal Visualisation to Computing
4.6.3 Information Visualisation
4.6.4 Knowledge Visualisation
References
Chapter 5: Distinguishing Between Knowledge Visualisation and Knowledge Representation in Legal Informatics
5.1 On Knowledge Visualisation
5.2 Knowledge Representation
5.3 Legal Informatics
5.4 Distinct Approaches in Legal Informatics
References
Chapter 6: Criteria for Multidimensional Visualisation in Law
6.1 How Is Multidimensionality Exploited?
6.2 Visualisations in JURIX 2012 Proceedings
6.3 Visualisation Criteria
References
Part II: On Legal Theory
Chapter 7: Is and Ought
7.1 Distinguishing Ought from Is and Law from Legal Science
7.2 Two Dualisms: Is-Meaning (Sein-Sinn) and Is-Ought (Sein-Sollen)
7.3 Is Does Not Imply Ought
7.4 Subsumption as a Bridge Between Is and Ought
References
Chapter 8: Visualisation of Hans Kelsen´s Pure Theory of Law
8.1 Legal Theory as Middle-Ranged Abstraction
8.2 Historical Position
8.3 Is and Ought: Causality and Imputation
8.3.1 Central and Peripheral Imputation
8.3.2 No Long Series of Imputation
8.4 Interpretations
8.4.1 The Interpretation of Factual Reality
8.4.2 The Interpretation of Legal Texts
8.4.3 The Interpretation of Legal Acts
8.5 Construction
8.5.1 Double Norm
8.5.2 Hierarchy of Norms
8.6 Purification: A Deconstruction
8.7 Legal Norms, Legal Sentences and Legal Terms
References
Chapter 9: From Kelsen´s PTL to Yoshino´s Logical Jurisprudence
9.1 Introduction to Yoshino´s Logical Jurisprudence
9.2 PTL and Logical Jurisprudence as Parallel Systems to Law
9.3 Visualisation of Yoshino´s Legal Jurisprudence
9.3.1 Legal Sentences
9.3.2 Three Primitives: Legal Sentence, Validity and Inference Rule
9.3.2.1 Connections of Legal Sentences
9.3.2.2 Legal Inference
9.3.3 Fundamental Legal Meta-Rule Sentence (FLMRS)
9.3.4 Basic Legal Meta-Rule Sentence (BLMRS)
9.4 Comparison of Yoshino´s LJ with Kelsen´s PTL
References
Chapter 10: Semiotic Aspects of Law and Legal Science
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Separation of Law and Legal Science from the Point of View of Semiotics
References
Chapter 11: Content Meaning and Institutional Meaning of a Legal Act
11.1 Content Meaning and Institutional Meaning
11.2 Strengthening or Lessening the Meaning
11.2.1 Strengthening or Lessening of the Content Meaning
11.2.2 Political Frame as Context in Semiotics
11.3 Relating Institutional Meaning with Representation
11.4 Representing Abstract Objects in Computers
References
Part III: Legal Norm
Chapter 12: Extended Legal Thesaurus: Legal Terms as a Modally Indifferent Substrate
12.1 The Granularity Problem
12.2 The Ought-Action Structure of Norm and Deontic Modalities
12.3 Hypothetical (Conditional) and Categorical Norms
12.4 Taxonomy of Norms by Subject-Modus-Action-Object Structure
12.5 Extended Legal Thesaurus
References
Chapter 13: Normative Resultants
13.1 The Structural Elements of Rule
13.2 The Unified Status
13.3 The Summary Status
13.4 An Example: A Girl with Her Father in a Café
13.5 Synthesizing Normative Status
References
Chapter 14: Legal Frameworks of Three-Dimensional Virtual Worlds
14.1 Need for Legal Frameworks in Virtual Worlds
14.2 The Frame of a Virtual World
14.3 Principles of Construction of a Virtual World Legal Framework
14.3.1 Three Legal Stages
14.3.2 Formalising Rules: Technical, Legal and Energy Rules
14.4 Related Work
References
Chapter 15: Legal Taboos
15.1 Definition of Taboo
15.2 Formalising Taboo as a Prohibition to Speak
15.3 Three Levels of Norms on Prohibition
15.4 Taboo on a Combination of Three Elements of a Relation
15.5 Related Work on Pluralistic Ignorance
References
Part IV: Text-Document
Chapter 16: Dual Textuality of Law
16.1 Textuality of Law
16.2 Legal Informatics: A Bridge from Law to Its Representation in Computer
References
Chapter 17: Legal Norms and Legal Institutions as a Challenge for Legal Informatics
17.1 Impact of Legal Informatics from Periphery to the Centre of Law
17.2 Legal Texts and Legal Documents
17.3 Legal Norms and Legal Documents
17.4 Notations for Legal Norms
17.5 Modally Indifferent Substrate and Representing Normativity in Situations
17.6 A Film Example: Situational Visualisation of a Court Judgment
References
Chapter 18: Different Views to Legal Information Systems: Separate Legal Meanings and Legal Sublevels
18.1 The Notion of Legal Sublevel
18.2 The Approach: Different Meanings in Distinct Representations
18.3 A Shift from a Hierarchy to a Network
18.4 Erich Schweighofer´s 8 Views/4 Methods/4 Syntheses Approach
18.5 The Notion of a View
References
Chapter 19: Logic-Oriented Methods for Structuring in the Context of Lawmaking
19.1 Adding Logic-Oriented Information to Legislative Documents
19.2 Theme 1: Three Layers
19.3 Theme 2: Logic for the Professional Quality of the Text
19.4 Theme 3: Middle-Level Abstraction
19.4.1 Formal Abstraction
19.4.2 Middle-Level Abstraction
19.4.3 Substantive Abstraction
19.5 Only Selective Application of Logic
19.6 Logic Expands Interpretation
References
Part V: Subsumption. Legal Relations
Chapter 20: Legal Subsumption
20.1 Explaining Legal Subsumption
20.2 Modelling Cognitive Subsumption with the Instance-of Relationship
References
Chapter 21: Formalising Legal Relations
21.1 A Variety of Relations in Law
21.2 Definition of Relation in Mathematics
21.3 Relations in Law and the Layers of Law
21.4 Statements About Relations
21.5 On Peter Chen´s Entity-Relationship Model
References
Chapter 22: Tertium Comparationis in Law: Variations on Arthur Kaufmann´s Theme
22.1 Legal Relations Replace Substances
22.2 Indirect Relations and Tertium Comparationis
22.3 Towards an Ontology of Relations
References
Part VI: Legal Machines and Compliance
Chapter 23: Multisensory Legal Machines and Production of Legal Acts
23.1 Machines and Humans Are Similar in Legal Context
23.2 Legal Machines in Context
23.3 An Analogy Between Machines and Humans
23.3.1 Actor, Norm and Role
23.3.2 Situational Flexibility
23.3.3 Multiple Human Senses: Multiple Formats
23.3.4 Multisensory Law Is at the Periphery of Textual Law
23.3.5 Multisensority in Procedural Law
23.4 Formalising Legal Machine as Encapsulation
23.4.1 Human-in-Machine Is Similar to Human-in-Animal Encapsulation in the Ancient World
23.4.2 Transforming Humans into Animals and Machines
23.4.3 Encapsulation and Goals
23.5 Examples of Encapsulation
23.5.1 Representing Communication via Phone and Skype as Encapsulation
23.5.2 Encapsulations into Human: X-in-Human
23.6 Related Work
References
Chapter 24: Formulating the Compliance Problem
24.1 The Problem: Is Software Compliant with the Law?
24.2 Motivating the Research
24.2.1 E-identity and E-banking Within the STORK 2.0 Project
24.2.2 Formulating the Regulatory Compliance Problem for Software
24.2.3 Limitations when Representing the Law in the Context of Enterprise Architecture
24.3 A Variety of Factors to Comply with
24.4 Elements of Enterprise System
24.5 Enterprise Compliance Process
24.6 The Legal Perspective in Enterprise Engineering
24.7 Towards a Methodology of the Compliance with the Law
References
Chapter 25: Software Transparency for Design of Legal Machines
25.1 Compliance Implies Transparency
25.2 Transparency of Legal Machines
25.3 Notes on Compliance
25.4 The Context of Justice in the Paradigm Change to E-Procedures
25.4.1 The Principle of Equality Before the Law
25.4.2 Subsumption Is Delegated to Parties in E-Procedures
25.5 Transparency in Software Engineering
References
Part VII: Human Digitalities
Chapter 26: Towards Human Digitalities
26.1 Evolution
26.2 From Digital Humanities Towards Human Digitalities
26.3 Technocratic Governance in Instrumentalised National States
References
Chapter 27: Multiphase Transformation: From Legal Text to Program
27.1 Text to Program Transformation
27.2 One-Bridge Formalisations
27.3 Multi-Arch Bridge Implies Multiphase Transformation
27.4 Approaches to the Transformation `Legal Text To Program´
27.5 Emergence of Intermediate Phases
References
Part VIII: Argumentation
Chapter 28: Three Layers of Legal Argumentation: Content, Speech Act, and Role
28.1 Content-Based Argumentation
28.2 Speech Act Based Argumentation
28.3 Role-Based Argumentation
28.4 Subordination to Rationality
28.5 Contexts
References
Chapter 29: Transparent Complexity by Goals
29.1 Why Goals? A Variety of Conceptions
29.2 Motivation
29.3 Requirements and Goals of E-Government
29.4 Formalisation of Goals Should Be Taken Seriously
29.5 Structure of Teleological Notation
29.6 Goals in Law and in Requirements Engineering
29.7 Functions of Law as High-Level Teleological Structure
References
Chapter 30: Standard Cases, Hard Cases, Emergency Cases and Scurrile Cases in Jurisprudence
30.1 Why Solving Cases by Machines?
30.2 What Is a Case?
30.3 Standard Cases
30.4 Hard Cases
30.4.1 Hard Cases with Several Plausible Solutions
30.4.2 Hard Cases with Restrictions on the Latitude Allowed in Decision-Making
30.4.3 Cases with an Unexpected Solution
30.5 Emergency Cases
30.5.1 Fast-Track Procedures
30.5.2 Break-Glass Policy Situations
30.5.3 Break-Glass Policies
30.6 Scurrile Cases
30.7 Settled Actual Cases and Settled Hypothetical Cases
30.8 Conclusion: Classifying Cases
References