دانلود کتاب Excavations at Chester. Roman Land Division and a Probable Villa in the Hinterland of Deva: Excavation at Saighton Army Camp, Huntington, Chester

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Cover Page Title Page Copyright Page Contents List of Figures Figure 1. Saighton Camp, Chester: site location Figure 2. Roman period sites mentioned in the text (after Mason 2012) Figure 3. Roman and prehistoric remains Figure 4. Roman and prehistoric field system sections Figure 5. Roman settlement, all features and modern disturbances Figure 6. Phases 2 and 3A plans Figure 7. Feature sections Figure 8. Excavated structures Figure 9. Excavated buildings, sections Figure 10. Enclosure ditch 524, showing building stone and slate in upper fill of recut 550 Figure 11. Clay extraction pit 634, showing uneven base and extensive modern disturbances to north and south Figure 12. Phases 3B and 4 plans Figure 13. Entranceway ditches 941 (foreground) and 986, both marked with white paint Figure 14. Southern terminus of ditch 941, showing distinctive profile Figure 15. Cobbling 728 forming entranceway in eastern boundary ditch Figure 16. Example of building stone deposited in the top of enclosure ditches Figure 17. Water-collecting pit 1069 Figure 18. Sandstone foundations 1104, truncated at left side Figure 19. Paving 1014, probable structure Figure 20. Hearth 1313, with heat-affected stones Figure 21. Quantities of ceramic and slate roof tiles by Phase Figure 22. Ceramic building materials, and limestone and slate roof tiles Figure 23. Hand-made and Roman pottery Figure 24. Roman pottery Figure 25. Roman pottery Figure 26. Roman pottery Figure 27. Roman pottery Figure 28. Roman pottery Figure 29. Roman pottery Figure 30. Roman pottery Figure 31. Other ceramics Figure 32. Statue, RF13 and 18 Figure 33. Altar, RF14 Figure 34. Altar, RF15 and 16 Figure 35. Hypocaust pillar Figure 36. Small finds Figure 37. Relative frequencies of livestock from hand-collected and sieved material Figure 38. Roman Chester, Saighton Camp and hinterland (after Mason 1988) List of Tables Table 1. Building materials by type (count/weight (g)) from secure stratified deposits Table 2. The hand-made pottery Table 3. Roman and ‘native’ handmade (see Cumberpatch, above) pottery by phase/ware class (sherd count/weight (g)) Table 4. Relative proportions (%) of wares by count, weight and estimated vessel equivalents (EVEs) Table 5. The samian vessels by phase (by EVEs) Table 6. Relative proportions (%) of vessel function by phase (by EVEs) Table 7. Relative proportions (%) of mortaria and their origins (by EVEs) Table 8. Quantities of samian ware by phase Table 9. Quern summary Table 10. Extent of fragmentation of disc querns of diameter 350–449mm Table 11. Percentages of quern types from dated auxiliary contexts in northern Britain Table 12. Comparable quern sites in Lancashire and West Yorkshire Table 13. Bone surface preservation for animal bone from the earlier phase of excavation (includes hand-collected and sieved material) Table 14. Diagnostic zone counts and the number of identified specimens (NISP) by phase for the hand collected assemblage from Saighton Camp, from the first phase of excavation – recorded by Angela Trentacoste Table 15. Number of identified specimens (NISP) for the smaller assemblage from Saighton Camp, from the second phase of excavation – recorded by Alistair Zochowski Table 16. Number of identified specimens in sieved samples from the earlier phase of excavation Table 17. Body part distribution from hand-collected material, from the earlier excavation (max MAU highlighted in bold) Table 18. Body part distribution from sieved material, from the earlier excavation (max MAU highlighted in bold) Table 19. Fusion data from the hand-collected assemblage, from the earlier phase of excavation. “d”=distal, “p”=proximal Table 20. Fusion data from the sieved assemblage from the earlier phase of excavation Table 21. Mandible ages for hand-collected material from excavation Phase III(1); (no mandible age data was present in the sieved sample) Table 22. Contexts from which sample were processed. Key: C=context, SC= sample code Table 23. Palaeobotanical data. Key: C= context, SC= sample code, R?= any fine fractions remaining?, Wt flot (g)= weight (g) of flot, CPR= charred plant remains, AMS?= anything suitable for radiocarbon AMS dating?, Wt char= weight(g) of charcoal, Indet.= Acknowledgements Chapter 1 Introduction Summary Archaeological background: Roman Chester, Cheshire and beyond Chapter 2 Results of the excavations Introduction Field System Phase 1: Prehistoric ditches Phases 2 to 4: Roman field system Undated small enclosures Excavated settlement Phase 1: Prehistoric Phase 2: Primary occupation, early to mid-second century AD Phase 3A: Establishment of the enclosure system, mid-second to mid-third centuries AD Phase 3B: Adaptation of the enclosure system, mid- to late third century AD Phase 4: Decline and abandonment of the enclosures, late third to fourth centuries AD Unphased features Chapter 3 Finds and Environmental Remains Building materials Introduction Results Ceramic Building Material Chimney Slate roof tiles Limestone/sandstone roof tiles Discussion Hand-made pottery Introduction HM-O1 - Hand-made organic tempered fabric 1 HM-O2 - Hand-made organic tempered fabric 2 HM-Q1 - Hand-made quartz tempered fabric 1 HM-Q2 - Hand-made quartz tempered fabric 2 Vessel forms Discussion The Romano-British pottery Introduction Methodology Pottery supply Amphorae Samian Other fine wares Coarsewares Site chronology, function and status Phase 2 – early to mid-second century AD Phase 3A – early/mid-second to mid-third century AD Phase 3B – early/mid- to late third century AD Phase 4 – late third to fourth centuries AD Discussion Pottery: functional analysis Transport amphorae Storage and cooking vessels Food preparation – mortaria Serving and presenting food and drink Unphased Special items Graffito Cup containing residue Repaired pots Vessel for metalworking Romano-British pottery catalogue Fabric series Amphorae Samian Fine wares Coarsewares Catalogue of illustrated vessels Amphorae Samian Other fine wares Mortaria Coarsewares The small finds The stonework The statue Statue (Figure 32) The altars Miniature altar RF14 (Figure 33) Miniature altar RFs15–16 (Figure 34) Architectural stonework Hypocaust pillar (Figure 35) Discussion The vessel glass Jug Bottle Body sherds (not illustrated) Copper alloy objects Iron objects Lead objects Ceramic object Discussion Metalworking debris Glass bead Antler knife handle Roman coin Querns Analysis Lithology Fragmentation Dating Site function Discussion Catalogue Upper stones Lower stones Animal bone Introduction Materials and methods Preservation Results Cattle Sheep/goat Pigs Equids Deer Human Discussion Conclusion Palaeobotanical and charcoal assessment Introduction and Methodology Results Discussion Chapter 4 Discussion The excavated evidence Chronology Site functions, economy and place in the fortress’ hinterland Roman field system and landscape continuity Excavated structures Religious observance on the settlement Conclusions Bibliography