دانلود کتاب Excursions in Modern Mathematics

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Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
PART 1 Social Choice
1 The Mathematics of Elections
The Paradoxes of Democracy
1.1 The Basic Elements of an Election
1.2 The Plurality Method
1.3 The Borda Count Method
1.4 The Plurality‐with‐Elimination Method
1.5 The Method of Pairwise Comparisons
1.6 Fairness Criteria and Arrow’s Impossibility Theorem
Conclusion
Key Concepts
Exercises
2 The Mathematics of Power
Weighted Voting
2.1 An Introduction to Weighted Voting
2.2 Banzhaf Power
2.3 Shapley‐Shubik Power
2.4 Subsets and Permutations
Conclusion
Key Concepts
Exercises
3 The Mathematics of Sharing
Fair‐Division Games
3.1 Fair‐Division Games
3.2 The Divider‐Chooser Method
3.3 The Lone‐Divider Method
3.4 The Lone‐Chooser Method
3.5 The Method of Sealed Bids
3.6 The Method of Markers
Conclusion
Key Concepts
Exercises
4 The Mathematics of Apportionment
Making the Rounds
4.1 Apportionment Problems and Apportionment Methods
4.2 Hamilton’s Method
4.3 Jefferson’s Method
4.4 Adams’s and Webster’s Methods
4.5 The Huntington‐Hill Method
4.6 The Quota Rule and Apportionment Paradoxes
Conclusion
Key Concepts
Exercises
PART 2 Management Science
5 The Mathematics of Getting Around
Euler Paths and Circuits
5.1 Street‐Routing Problems
5.2 An Introduction to Graphs
5.3 Euler’s Theorems and Fleury’s Algorithm
5.4 Eulerizing and Semi‐Eulerizing Graphs
Conclusion
Key Concepts
Exercises
6 The Mathematics of Touring
Traveling Salesman Problems
6.1 What Is a Traveling Salesman Problem?
6.2 Hamilton Paths and Circuits
6.3 The Brute‐Force Algorithm
6.4 The Nearest‐Neighbor and Repetitive Nearest‐Neighbor Algorithms
6.5 The Cheapest‐Link Algorithm
Conclusion
Key Concepts
Exercises
7 The Mathematics of Networks
The Cost of Being Connected
7.1 Networks and Trees
7.2 Spanning Trees, MSTs, and MaxSTs
7.3 Kruskal’s Algorithm
Conclusion
Key Concepts
Exercises
8 The Mathematics of Scheduling
Chasing the Critical Path
8.1 An Introduction to Scheduling
8.2 Directed Graphs
8.3 Priority‐List Scheduling
8.4 The Decreasing‐Time Algorithm
8.5 Critical Paths and the Critical‐Path Algorithm
Conclusion
Key Concepts
Exercises
PART 3 Growth
9 Population Growth Models
There Is Strength in Numbers
9.1 Sequences and Population Sequences
9.2 The Linear Growth Model
9.3 The Exponential Growth Model
9.4 The Logistic Growth Model
Conclusion
Key Concepts
Exercises
10 Financial Mathematics
Money Matters
10.1 Percentages
10.2 Simple Interest
10.3 Compound Interest
10.4 Retirement Savings
10.5 Consumer Debt
Conclusion
Key Concepts
Exercises
PART 4 Shape and Form
11 The Mathematics of Symmetry
Beyond Reflection
11.1 Rigid Motions
11.2 Reflections
11.3 Rotations
11.4 Translations
11.5 Glide Reflections
11.6 Symmetries and Symmetry Types
11.7 Patterns
Conclusion
Key Concepts
Exercises
12 Fractal Geometry
The Kinky Nature of Nature
12.1 The Koch Snowflake and Self‐Similarity
12.2 The Sierpinski Gasket and the Chaos Game
12.3 The Twisted Sierpinski Gasket
12.4 The Mandelbrot Set
Conclusion
Key Concepts
Exercises
13 Fibonacci Numbers and the Golden Ratio
Tales of Rabbits and Gnomons
13.1 Fibonacci Numbers
13.2 The Golden Ratio
13.3 Gnomons
13.4 Spiral Growth in Nature
Conclusion
Key Concepts
Exercises
PART 5 Statistics
14 Censuses, Surveys, Polls, and Studies
The Joys of Collecting Data
14.1 Enumeration
14.2 Measurement
14.3 Cause and Effect
Conclusion
Key Concepts
Exercises
15 Graphs, Charts, and Numbers
The Data Show and Tell
15.1 Graphs and Charts
15.2 Means, Medians, and Percentiles
15.3 Ranges and Standard Deviations
Conclusion
Key Concepts
Exercises
16 Probabilities, Odds, and Expectations
Measuring Uncertainty and Risk
16.1 Sample Spaces and Events
16.2 The Multiplication Rule, Permutations, and Combinations
16.3 Probabilities and Odds
16.4 Expectations
16.5 Measuring Risk
Conclusion
Key Concepts
Exercises
17 The Mathematics of Normality
The Call of the Bell
17.1 Approximately Normal Data Sets
17.2 Normal Curves and Normal Distributions
17.3 Modeling Approximately Normal Distributions
17.4 Normality in Random Events
Conclusion
Key Concepts
Exercises
Answers to Selected Exercises
Credits
Index
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Index of Applications
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