دانلود کتاب Experience Human Development

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Cover Title Page Copyright Page About the Authors Brief Contents Contents Preface Acknowledgments Part 1 About Human Development chapter 1 The Study of Human Development Human Development: An Evolving Field Studying the Life Span Basic Concepts in Human Development Domains of Development Periods of the Life Span Influences on Development Heredity, Environment, and Maturation Contexts of Development Normative and Nonnormative Influences Timing of Influences The Life-Span Developmental Approach summary and key terms Research in Action Intersectionality and Inequity in Human Development Window on the World The World within Our Borders: Immigration chapter 2 Theory and Research Basic Theoretical Issues Issue 1: Is Development Active or Reactive? Issue 2: Is Development Continuous or Discontinuous? Theoretical Perspectives Perspective 1: Psychoanalytic Perspective 2: Learning Perspective 3: Cognitive Perspective 4: Contextual Perspective 5: Evolutionary/Sociobiological Research Methods Quantitative and Qualitative Research Sampling Forms of Data Collection Evaluating Quantitative and Qualitative Research Basic Research Designs Developmental Research Designs Research Issues Diversity in Research The Open Science Movement and the Reproducibility Crisis Research Ethics summary and key terms Window on the World Cross-Cultural Research Research in Action Broadening the Narrative: Diversity in Psychological Research Part 2 Beginnings chapter 3 Forming a New Life Conceiving New Life Cultural Beliefs About Conception Fertilization Assisted Reproductive Technologies Multiple Births Mechanisms of Heredity The Genetic Code Sex Determination Patterns of Genetic Transmission Genetic and Chromosomal Abnormalities Genetic Counseling and Testing Studying the Influences of Heredity and Environment Measuring Heritability How Heredity and the Environment Work Together Characteristics Influenced by Heredity and Environment Prenatal Development Cultural Beliefs about Prenatal Development Stages of Prenatal Development Environmental Influences: Maternal Factors Environmental Influences: Paternal Factors Monitoring and Promoting Prenatal Development summary and key terms Research in Action Indigenous Motherhood Window on the World Prenatal Care around the World chapter 4 Birth and Physical Development during the First Three Years Childbirth, Culture, and Change The Birth Process Stages of Childbirth Electronic Fetal Monitoring Vaginal versus Cesarean Delivery Medicated versus Nonmedicated Delivery Childbirth and the COVID-19 Pandemic The Newborn Baby Size and Appearance Body Systems Medical and Behavioral Assessment States of Arousal Complications of Childbirth Low Birth Weight Postmaturity Stillbirth Survival and Health Infant Mortality Immunization for Better Health Early Physical Development Principles of Development Physical Growth Nutrition Building the Brain Early Sensory Capacities Motor Development Milestones of Motor Development Motor Development and Perception Theories of Motor Development Ethnic and Cultural Influences on Motor Development summary and key terms Window on the World Where to Lay You Down to Sleep? Sleep Customs across the World Research in Action Should I Stay or Should I Go: Disparities in the Use of Parental Leave chapter 5 Cognitive Development during the First Three Years Studying Cognitive Development Behaviorist Approach Classical and Operant Conditioning Research Applications Psychometric Approach Testing Infants and Toddlers Assessing the Early Home Environment Early Intervention Piagetian Approach Substages of the Sensorimotor Stage Object Concept Imitation Symbolic Development Evaluating Piaget’s Sensorimotor Stage Information-Processing Approach Habituation Tools of Infant Research Perceptual and Attentional Processes Cross-Modal Transfer Information Processing as a Predictor of Intelligence Information Processing and Piagetian Abilities Evaluating Information-Processing Research Cognitive Neuroscience Approach Social-Contextual Approach Language Development Classic Theories of Language Acquisition: The Nature-Nurture Debate Sequence of Early Language Development Variations in Language Development Characteristics of Early Speech Influences on Early Language Development summary and key terms Research in Action Strength versus Deficit: Contextualizing Research in Language Development Window on the World Literacy and Language chapter 6 Psychosocial Development during the First Three Years Foundations of Psychosocial Development Early Emotional Development Temperament Early Social Experiences: The Family Gender Developmental Issues in Infancy Developing Trust Developing Attachments Mutual Regulation Social Referencing Developmental Issues in Toddlerhood The Emerging Sense of Self Development of Autonomy Moral Development and Socialization Relationships with Other Children Siblings Peers Children of Working Parents Effects of Maternal Employment Early Child Care Child Maltreatment Maltreatment in Infancy and Toddlerhood Long-Term Effects of Maltreatment summary and key terms Research in Action Cultural Considerations in the Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder Window on the World The Terrible Twos Might Not Be That Bad Part 3 Early Childhood chapter 7 Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Aspects of Physical Development Bodily Growth and Change Sleep Brain Development Motor Skills Health and Safety Obesity and Overweight Undernutrition Food Allergies Oral Health Deaths and Accidental Injuries Environmental Influences COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagetian Approach Advances of Preoperational Thought Immature Aspects of Preoperational Thought Theory of Mind Memory Basic Processes and Capacities Metamemory Executive Functioning Childhood Memories Intelligence Psychometric Measures of Intelligence Influences on Measured Intelligence Testing and Teaching Based on Vygotsky’s Theory Language Development Vocabulary Grammar and Syntax Pragmatics and Social Speech Private Speech Speech and Language Delays Emergent Literacy Early Childhood Education Cultural Variations in Early Education Preschool Kindergarten summary and key terms Research in Action Health Risks of Screen Time During COVID-19 Window on the World The First 5 Years chapter 8 Psychosocial Development in Early Childhood The Developing Self The Self-Concept and Cognitive Development Self-Esteem Regulating Emotions Understanding Emotions Erikson: Initiative versus Guilt Gender Sex Differences Perspectives on Gender Development Play Cognitive Levels of Play The Social Dimension of Play Gender and Play Culture and Play Parenting Forms of Discipline Parenting Styles Relationships with Other Children Sibling Relationships The Only Child Playmates and Friends summary and key terms Research in Action Lights, Camera, Representation: BIPOC Children’s Exposure to Violent Digital Media Window on the World Age Segregation versus Mixed-Age Play Part 4 Middle Childhood chapter 9 Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Aspects of Physical Development Height and Weight Dental Health Nutrition Sleep Brain Development Motor Development and Physical Activity Physical Health Overweight Chronic Medical Conditions Accidental Injuries COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Piagetian Approach: Cognition Cognitive Advances Information-Processing Approach: Planning, Attention, and Memory Executive Functioning Selective Attention Working Memory Mnemonics Metamemory Psychometric Approach: Intelligence Measuring Intelligence The IQ Controversy Influences on Intelligence Is There More Than One Intelligence? Language and Literacy Vocabulary, Grammar, and Syntax Pragmatics Second-Language Learning Literacy The Child in School Influences on School Achievement Educating Children with Special Needs Children with Learning Problems Gifted Children summary and key terms Window on the World Cultural Conceptions of Intelligence Research in Action Compounding Disadvantage: Educational Access in the Age of COVID-19 chapter 10 Psychosocial Development in Middle Childhood The Developing Self Self-Concept Development Industry versus Inferiority Emotional Development The Child in the Family Family Atmosphere Family Structure Sibling Relationships The Child in the Peer Group Peer Groups Popularity Friendship Aggression and Bullying Mental Health Common Emotional Problems Treatment Techniques Resilience summary and key terms Window on the World Bullying across the World Research in Action “The Talk”: Racial Socialization in African American Families Part 5 Adolescence chapter 11 Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence Adolescence Adolescence as a Social Construction PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Puberty Hormonal Changes in Puberty Puberty and Sexual Maturity Pubertal Timing The Adolescent Brain Physical and Mental Health Physical Activity Sleep Nutrition and Eating Disorders Drug Use Depression Death in Adolescence COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Aspects of Cognitive Maturation Piaget’s Stage of Formal Operations Immature Aspects of Adolescent Thought Language Development Moral Development and Prosocial Behavior Educational and Vocational Issues Academic Achievement Dropping Out of High School Preparing for Higher Education or Vocations summary and key terms Window on the World Culture and Cognition Research in Action Who Are You? Puberty and LGBTQ+ Identity Development chapter 12 Psychosocial Development in Adolescence The Search for Identity Identity versus Identity Confusion Identity Status Gender Differences in Identity Formation Identity Development in Sexual-Minority Youth Racial and Ethnic Differences in Identity Formation Cultural Differences in Identity Formation Sexuality Sexual Orientation Sexual Behavior Sexually Transmitted Infections Teen Pregnancy Other Risks of Adolescence Relationships with Family, Peers, and Adult Society The Myth of Adolescent Rebellion Adolescents and Parents Sibling Relationships Peer Relationships Antisocial Behavior and Juvenile Delinquency Biological Influences Environmental Influences Preventing and Treating Delinquency summary and key terms Research in Action LGBTQ+ Inclusivity in Sex Education Window on the World Culture and Discretionary Time Part 6 Emerging and Young Adulthood chapter 13 Physical and Cognitive Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood Emerging Adulthood PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Health and Fitness Health Status Genetic Influences on Health Behavioral Influences on Health Indirect Influences on Health Mental Health Problems Sexual Issues Sexual Behavior and Attitudes Sexually Transmitted Infections Menstrual Disorders COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Perspectives on Adult Cognition Piagetian Approaches Triarchic Theory of Intelligence Emotional Intelligence Moral Reasoning The Three Ethics Education and Work College Entering the World of Work summary and key terms Research in Action Hidden Disability: Rheumatoid Arthritis in Young Adults Window on the World Internet Addiction chapter 14 Psychosocial Development in Emerging and Young Adulthood Developmental Tasks of Emerging Adulthood Paths to Adulthood Identity Development Personality Development: Four Views Normative-Stage Models Timing-of-Events Model Trait Models Typological Models Relationships in Emerging Adulthood Relationships with Parents Friendship Love Marital and Nonmarital Lifestyles Single Life Nonheterosexual Relationships Cohabitation Marriage Parenthood Cultural and Contextual Influences Relationship Dynamics When Marriage Ends Divorce Remarriage and Stepparenthood summary and key terms Research in Action Interracial Dating Window on the World Popular Wedding Traditions across Cultures Part 7 Middle Adulthood chapter 15 Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood Middle Age: A Social Construct PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Physical Changes Sensory Functioning Physical Fitness The Brain at Midlife Structural and Systemic Changes Sexuality and Reproductive Functioning Physical and Mental Health Physical Health at Midlife Behavioral Influences on Health Socioeconomic Status and Health Race/Ethnicity and Health Gender and Health Mental Health at Midlife COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Cognitive Development at Midlife Cognitive Performance Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence The Distinctiveness of Adult Cognition Expertise Integrative Thought Creativity Creativity and Age Work and Education Work and Retirement Work and Cognitive Development Adult Education summary and key terms Window on the World Cultural Differences in Menopause Research in Action Hard Times: Financial Stress at Midlife chapter 16 Psychosocial Development in Middle Adulthood Theoretical Models of Change at Midlife Normative-Stage Models Trait Models Timing of Events Models Issues and Themes at Midlife The Midlife Crisis? Identity Development Positive Mental Health at Midlife Relationships at Midlife Theories of Social Contact Relationships and Well-Being Consensual Relationships Marriage Cohabitation Divorce Friendships Relationships with Maturing Children Adolescent Children The Empty Nest Adult Children Voluntary Childlessness Other Kinship Ties Aging Parents Siblings Grandparenthood summary and key terms Research in Action Body Image and Well-Being at Midlife Window on the World The Global Sandwich Generation Part 8 Late Adulthood chapter 17 Physical and Cognitive Development in Late Adulthood Old Age Today The Graying of the Population Conceptualization of Aging PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Longevity and Aging Correlates of Life Expectancy Theories of Aging Extending the Human Life Span Physical Changes Organic and Systemic Changes The Aging Brain Sensory and Psychomotor Functioning Sleep Sexual Functioning Physical and Mental Health Health Status Chronic Conditions and Disabilities Lifestyle Influences on Health and Longevity Mental and Behavioral Problems COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Cognitive Changes Intelligence and Processing Abilities Memory Wisdom summary and key terms Window on the World Elder Care Worldwide Research in Action The Psychological Consequences of Hearing Loss chapter 18 Psychosocial Development in Late Adulthood Personality Development in Late Adulthood Ego Integrity versus Despair Personality Traits in Old Age Well-Being in Late Adulthood Well-Being in Sexual Minorities The Effect of Religion and Spirituality on Well-Being Coping and Mental Health Models of Successful Aging Practical and Social Issues Related to Aging Work and Retirement Financial Concerns Living Arrangements Elder Abuse Personal Relationships in Late Life Theories of Social Contact and Support Relationships and Health The Multigenerational Family Marital and Long-Term Relationships Marriage Widowhood Divorce and Remarriage Nonmarital Lifestyles and Relationships Single Life Cohabitation Friendships Nonmarital Kinship Ties Relationships with Adult Children Relationships with Siblings summary and key terms Window on the World Aging Stereotypes Worldwide Research in Action Technology and Aging in Place Part 9 The End of Life chapter 19 Dealing with Death and Bereavement The Meaning of Death and Dying The Cultural Context The Mortality Revolution Facing Death and Loss Factors Preceding Death Confronting One’s Own Death Patterns of Grieving Responses to Death across the Life Span Significant Losses Surviving a Spouse Losing a Parent in Adulthood Losing a Child Mourning a Miscarriage Medical, Legal, and Ethical Issues Suicide Hastening Death Finding Meaning and Purpose in Life and Death Life Review Development: A Lifelong Process summary and key terms Window on the World Cultural Variations in Funeral Customs Research in Action Cultural Influences on Children’s Understanding of Death Glossary Bibliography Name Index Subject Index