دانلود کتاب Exploring Religion in Ancient Egypt

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Exploring Religion in Ancient Egypt
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Contents
Preface
Chapter 1 Belief without a Book
Word Worlds: Ancient and Modern
Religion?
Modern study of ancient worlds
Three hurdles
An ancient Egyptian definition of religion? The composition the King as Priest of the Sun
Using written sources in context
Language and politics
Applying critical theory to Egyptology
Future
Elementals and Sources
Landscape forces and resources
Town and countryside
Time–space blocks: ancient egypt as a chain of ecologies
The time of kemet: dynasties and periods
Preservation: geological and historical factors
Beyond written sources: mudbrick architecture
Ancient practice and modern prejudice in distinguishing elite and popular religion
Suspending assumptions
Netjeru deities: names and forms
Evolutionary readings of ancient images
Ancient and modern multiplication of forms of netjeru
Visual forms as poetic metaphors
Fission and fusion in names of netjeru
Ancient descriptions of netjeru: hymns and narratives
Instituting sacred space: the question of priesthood
Checklist on assumptions
Chapter 2 Finding the Sacred in Space and Time
Holiness: Absolute or Relative
The human body
Living human geography: case-studies
Chapter 3 Creating Sacred Space and Time: Temple Architecture and Festival
Formalizing Sacred Space: For Offerings
Range of different architectural types/engagements with ground
Recipients of offerings
Daily offering rituals
Staff in offering spaces
Kingship, temple offerings, and temple staff: in practice
Kingship, initiation, and holders of sacred knowledge
Formalizing Sacred Time: Festival, Feast, and Foundation
Festival: not necessarily carnival
Festivals at the lahun kingship temple (1800 bc)
Festival lists in monumental inscriptions
Offerings at festivals: written evidence
Feasting and offering in the archaeological record
Founding a temple
Chapter 4 Chaos and Life: Forces of Creation and Destruction
Introduction
Chaos and life: identifying and assessing evidence
Myth as Speech in Religion
Mythic thinking
The myth debate in Egyptology
Learning from storytelling: the only option?
Learning from schemata information blocks?
The weight of kingship in ancient Egyptian compositions
Constellations Outside Writing
Evidence beyond words and images?
Principles, forces, and materials
Small-scale carving as a widespread source of imagery
Relations of fertility: movements of seasons, flood, and the return of the distant goddess
Relations of physical regeneration from immobility: masculine desert, Min and Amun
Sailings of the Sun
Trusting the ferryman? Aggression and defense: fauna of danger and disorder
Seth: animal fusion
Predator as guardian: jackal deities
Multiple fauna: images and bodies
Child–god–king
Images of order as single and as balance
Speaking and Narrating the Divine
A motif throughout temple ritual: offerings as the eye
Myth in practice
Local, central, or all-Egyptian?
Narrative and image as accompaniments
The Nut image: world description as accompaniment to burial space
Ptah, Horus, and Seth: creation at Mennefer, the Shabako inscription
Creation: centered on the Sun
Place and process of creation
Overcoming violence after creation: Horus against Seth
The end of the world
A longer narrative, 1150 bc: the judgement of Horus and Seth
Two narratives
Conclusion: icon, constellation, and tale
Chapter 5 Being Good: Doing, Saying, and Making Good Possible
Translating Ma‘at
Sources for Ethics
Damage as mirror of (In)justice
Teachings and their limits
Conclusion: combining the evidence types
Chapter 6 Being Well
Health and Well-Being: Starting from Comparative Ethnography
Material health
Health, healers, and healed: written evidence
Writings for good health
Intangibles
Chapter 7 Attaining Eternal Life: Sustenance and Transformation
Ancient Egyptian Afterlives: Sources and their Limits
Reconsidering Modern Perceptions of Ancient Egyptian Afterlives
Burying the Dead: Conceptions of the Tomb
Burying, Caring for, and Relating to the Dead: Four Questions
Burying the Dead: Chronological Survey
3100–2700 bc Underground provisions store, overground offering space
2600–2300 bc Underground blank, overground provisioning/leisure machines for the rich
2300–1850 bc Markers of age, gender, and status in the regions: underground and overground provisioning and leisure machines for the richest
1850–1700 bc Underground solar kingship or birth or leisure, overground provisioning?
1600–1350 bc Underground provisions store and leisure, overground provisioning/leisure
1350–1100 bc Underground protected space, overground devotion, provisions secondary?
1100–700 bc Underground protected space, sometimes leisure, overground devotion
700–525 bc Underground regeneration machine, overground devotion
Centers of Writing or Drawing the Afterlife: Rituals and Eternal Regeneration
Transforming into akh-Being
Hegemony and Variety: Chronological Considerations
From Theme to Integration: Futures of Study
Bibliography
Preface
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Index
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