دانلود کتاب Food Addiction, Obesity, and Disorders of Overeating: An Evidence-Based Assessment and Clinical Guide

فهرست مطالب :

Introduction: Obesity, Eating Disorders and Food Addiction: Towards a Synthesis
References
Contents
Contributors
Part I: Standard Approaches to Clinical Assessment and Treatment of Obesity and Binge Eating Disorder (BED)
1: Determinants of Body Weight: Metabolism and the Homeostatic System
1.1 Energy Balance
1.2 Metabolism
1.3 Why Weight Gain Is So Easy and Weight Loss So Hard
1.4 Homeostatic Feeding Mechanisms
1.4.1 The Hypothalamus
1.4.2 Key Neuropeptides
1.4.3 Other Factors
1.5 Neuropeptides, Obesity, and Disordered Eating
1.6 Conclusion
References
2: Obesity
2.1 Definition of Obesity
2.2 Epidemiology
2.3 Assessment
2.4 Causes, Contributors, and Risk Factors
2.5 Genetics
2.6 Management
2.6.1 Overview of Treatment
2.6.2 Comprehensive Models and Behavioral Weight Loss Therapy
2.6.3 Dietary Component
2.6.4 Physical Activity Component
2.6.5 Behavioral Modification Component
2.6.6 Pharmacotherapy
2.6.7 Dietary Supplements and Procedures to Avoid
2.6.8 Bariatric Surgery
2.7 Conclusion
References
3: Binge-Related Eating Disorders (Binge Eating Disorder and Bulimia Nervosa)
3.1 Epidemiology
3.2 Diagnosis and Assessment of BED
3.3 Epidemiology of BN
3.4 Diagnosis and Assessment of BN
3.5 Etiology and Mechanisms of BED and BN
3.6 Treatment of BED: General Considerations
3.7 Psychotherapies for BED
3.8 Pharmacotherapy for BED
3.9 Nutritional Recommendations for BED
3.10 Best Practices and Guidelines for BED Treatment
3.11 Obesity and BED Treatment
3.12 Treatment of BN
3.13 Treatments for both BED and BN
3.14 Conclusion
References
Part II: Can the Food Addiction Concept Improve Treatment?
4: Problems with Current Approaches to Treating Disorders of Overeating
4.1 Weight Loss with Available Treatments Is Modest
4.2 Maintenance of Weight Loss Is Difficult
4.3 The Biology Behind the Difficulty of Weight Loss and Maintenance
4.4 Eating Disorder (ED) Treatment Success Rates
4.5 ED and Obesity Treatments Give Conflicting Messages
4.6 Side Effects of Diets
4.7 Limitations and Side Effects of Medications
4.8 Side Effects of Bariatric Surgery
4.9 Difficulty of Exercising When Obese
4.10 Conclusion
References
5: The Food Addiction Concept: History, Controversy, Potential Pitfalls, and Promises
5.1 History
5.2 Is the FA Concept Valid?
5.2.1 Can Obesity Be Explained by FA?
5.2.2 Is FA Distinct from BED and Bulimia?
5.2.3 Do DSM Criteria for SUD Present in Relation to Food in Humans and Do Symptoms Cluster Together?
5.2.4 Is It Valid to Claim Certain Foods Are “Addictive,” and Might It Be More Accurate to Consider FA a Behavioral Disorder?
5.3 Is the FA Model Useful, and Do Benefits Outweigh Harms?
5.3.1 Abstinence-Based Food Plans
5.3.2 Self-Efficacy
5.3.3 Public Health
5.3.4 Stigma
5.4 Potential Promises for the Future
5.5 Increasing Community Acceptance
5.6 Conclusion
References
Part III: Clinical Evidence for Food Addiction
6: Clinical Evidence for the Validity of Food Addiction
6.1 Shared DSM Criteria
6.2 Yale Food Addiction Scale Development
6.3 SUD and Disordered Eating Co-occur
6.4 Sweet Preference, Addiction Transfer, and Cross-Sensitization
6.5 Overlapping Neuropsychological, Emotional, and Personality Traits, Psychiatric Diagnoses, and Predisposing Conditions (Trauma and Stress)
6.6 Conclusion
References
Part IV: Basic Biology of Food Addiction, and Its Overlap with Substance Use Disorders
7: Neurobiology and Cognitive Neuroscience of Substance Use Disorders
7.1 Overview of Substance Use Disorders
7.2 Core Brain Regions
7.3 Reward
7.4 Conditioning: Positive Reinforcement
7.5 Motivation: Positive Reinforcement
7.6 Tolerance: Downregulation of Dopamine and Opioid System
7.7 Withdrawal and Hyperkatifeia
7.8 Conditioning and Motivation: Negative Reinforcement
7.9 Impulsivity and Executive Function Deficits
7.10 Benefits of Understanding the Neurobiology
7.11 Conclusion
References
8: Neurobiology and Cognitive Neuroscience of Hedonic Eating
8.1 Reward and Hedonic Liking
8.2 Conditioning: Positive Reinforcement
8.3 Motivation: Positive Reinforcement
8.4 Food Reward, Conditioning, and Reward Motivation: Additional Factors
8.5 Tolerance and Downregulation of DA and Opioid Systems
8.6 Withdrawal
8.7 Conditioning and Motivation: Negative Reinforcement
8.8 Impulse Control and Executive Function Deficits
8.9 Conclusion
References
9: Additional Biological Mechanisms of Hedonic Eating
9.1 Interactions Between the Homeostatic System and Hedonic System
9.1.1 Anatomy
9.1.2 Appetite-Regulating Neuropeptides Modulate Hedonic Eating
9.1.3 Appetite-Regulating Neuropeptides Moderate Drug and Alcohol Use
9.2 Stress, Hedonic Eating, and the Reward System
9.2.1 The Anatomy of the Stress Response
9.2.2 Acute and Chronic Stress Promote Hedonic Eating
9.3 Genetics
9.4 In Utero Exposure
9.5 Neuroinflammation
9.6 Oxidative Stress
9.7 Gut Microbiome and Gut-Brain Axis
9.8 Adrenergic System
9.9 Sleep and Circadian Rhythm
9.10 Serotonin System
9.11 Endocannabinoid System
9.12 Functional Connectivity
9.13 Conclusions
References
10: Treatment-Related Evidence that Food Addiction Is a Valid Construct
10.1 Pharmacotherapy-Related Evidence
10.1.1 Stimulants
10.1.2 Opioid Antagonists
10.1.3 Topiramate and Zonisamide
10.1.4 GLP-1 Agonists
10.1.5 Other Medications to Note
10.2 Bariatric Surgery
10.3 Conclusion
References
11: Highly Palatable Foods Are Addictive
11.1 Problematic and “Addictive” Foods
11.2 Association Between HP Food Intake and Addiction in Animal Models
11.3 Association Between HP Food Intake and Weight Gain/Disordered Eating in Humans
11.4 Why Are HP Foods More Associated with Addictive Eating Patterns?
11.4.1 Innate Preferences
11.4.2 Conditioning from Rapid Post-oral Glucose Rise
11.4.3 Stimulation of Reward System by HP Foods
11.4.4 Effects on Inflammatory Processes, Oxidative Stress and Gut Microbiome
11.4.5 Cessation Leads to Withdrawal
11.4.6 Adverse Effects on Mood and Anxiety
11.4.7 Reduction in Executive Function
11.4.8 Reduction in Satiety Due to Changes in Homeostatic Feeding
11.4.9 Individual Variability
11.4.10 Feeding Patterns Influence Food Addiction
11.5 State Effects of Hunger/Food Restriction on Reward Circuitry and Brain Function
11.6 Artificial Sweeteners and Sugar Substitutes
11.7 What Should Be Considered Addictive Food?
11.8 Conclusion
References
Part V: Assessment and Treatment of Food Addiction
12: Evaluation of Food Addiction: Importance, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Assessment
12.1 Importance of Assessing for Food Addiction
12.2 Epidemiology of FA
12.3 YFAS: Scoring and Interpretation
12.4 Other Important Assessment Considerations and Common Comorbidities
12.4.1 SUD
12.4.2 ED History
12.4.3 Obesity History and Related Health Concerns
12.4.4 Psychiatric Comorbidity
12.5 Conclusion
References
13: How to Treat Food Addiction from a Nutritional Perspective: Consideration of Diet and Abstinence
13.1 Nutritional Approaches and Consideration of Abstinence
13.2 Related Tips
13.2.1 Increase Satiety and Brain Health-Promoting Foods
13.2.2 Do Not Over-restrict Calorie Intake
13.2.3 Realize that Craving Will Diminish with Time in Recovery
13.2.4 Abstinence Is Not Absolute: Avoid All-or-Nothing Thinking
13.2.5 Is It Better to Start More Extreme or Use a Graded Approach During Initiation?
13.2.6 Track Progress
13.3 How to Incorporate FA Treatment into ED Treatment Programming
13.4 What to Do with “Normal Weight” FA Patients?
13.5 Conclusion
References
14: Clinical Applications of the Food Addiction Concept
14.1 Treatment Overview
14.2 Supplemental Programmatic Elements Which Might Be Useful for Treatment of FA
14.2.1 Psychoeducation: FA Is a Brain-Based Disorder
14.2.2 Psychosocial Interventions
14.2.2.1 CBT
14.2.2.2 Behavioral Weight Management
14.2.2.3 Motivational Interviewing (MI)
14.2.2.4 Psychotherapy to Reduce Negative Affect States, Improve Emotion Regulation, and Address Alexithymia
14.2.2.5 Mindfulness-Based (MB) Approaches
14.2.2.6 Body Image Work
14.2.3 Importance of Sleep
14.2.4 Importance of Exercise
14.2.5 Importance of Getting Psychiatric and Psychological Care
14.2.6 Neuromodulation Techniques
14.2.7 12-Step Programs and Other Support
14.2.8 Medications
14.2.9 Bariatric Surgery
14.3 Subtyping and FA Treatment Matching
14.3.1 Within-FA Treatment Matching
14.3.2 Using FA as a Treatment Matching Variable for Patients with Obesity and BE
14.4 Conclusion
References
Part VI: Research Possibilities
15: Emerging Treatments and Areas for Future Research
15.1 Emerging Treatments for Disordered Eating
15.1.1 Neurostimulation
15.1.2 Real-Time fMRI (Rt-fMRI) Neurofeedback Training
15.1.3 Cognitive Training
15.1.4 Emerging Pharmacotherapies
15.1.5 Emerging Natural Supplements
15.2 Other Areas for Future Research for Disorders of Overeating
15.2.1 Treatment Matching Research
15.2.1.1 Treatment Matching in Overeaters
15.2.1.2 Treatment Matching Using FA as a Matching Variable
15.3 Other FA-Specific Research Needs
15.3.1 FA Diagnosis
15.3.2 FA Etiology
15.3.3 Nutritional Approaches for FA Treatment
15.3.4 Treatment of HP Food Withdrawal
15.3.5 Psychosocial Interventions for FA Treatment
15.3.6 Public Health, Stigma, Self-Efficacy, and FA
15.4 Conclusion
References
Recommended Readings
Depression & Anxiety
Manuals and Clinical Guides
Self-Help Books
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Addiction/Substance Use Disorders
Eating Disorders and Obesity
Manuals and Clinical Guides
Self-Help Books
Behavioral Obesity Weight Loss Manuals
Self-Help Weight-Loss Books
Insomnia
Emotion Regulation – Other
General
Index