دانلود کتاب Forensics for Dummies

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Title Page......Page 5
Copyright Page......Page 6
Table of Contents......Page 9
About This Book......Page 19
Icons Used in This Book......Page 20
Where to Go from Here......Page 21
Part I Cracking Open the Case......Page 23
Defining Forensics: The Science of Catching Criminals......Page 25
Integrating science into the practice of law......Page 26
Getting the Big Picture: Forensic Science in Action......Page 27
Looking at physical forensic science......Page 28
Investigating the Crime Lab......Page 29
Creating the first crime lab......Page 30
Identifying common procedures......Page 31
Peeking Inside the Criminalist’s Toolbox......Page 32
Looking at Locard’s principle in action......Page 33
Determining who did what where......Page 34
Chapter 2 Getting to Know the Forensics Team......Page 35
Gathering the Evidence: The Criminalist at Work......Page 36
From Analyzing Blood to Identifying Bugs: Forensic Science Specialists......Page 38
Forensic Investigation’s Head Honcho: The Medical Examiner......Page 39
Looking at two forensic systems......Page 40
Following the medical examiner in action......Page 41
Dealing with the Dead: The Coroner’s Technician......Page 42
Testifying as an Expert......Page 43
Understanding the court system......Page 44
Understanding the role of expert testimony......Page 45
Assessing the Scene of the Crime......Page 47
Arriving at a crime scene......Page 48
Preserving and processing the scene......Page 49
Documenting the procedure......Page 50
Reconstructing the crime scene......Page 51
Classifying the Evidence......Page 53
Discerning physical from biological evidence......Page 54
Differentiating class and individual evidence......Page 55
Analyzing the evidence......Page 57
Obtaining a search warrant......Page 58
Searching without a warrant......Page 59
Searching the area......Page 60
Gathering the evidence......Page 61
Collecting control samples......Page 62
Protecting the chain of custody......Page 63
Locating a Missing Corpse......Page 64
Defining the Role of the Forensic Psychiatric Professional......Page 67
Differentiating forensic from clinical psychiatry......Page 68
Assessing the Brain......Page 69
Digging into the psyche......Page 70
Employing dubious techniques......Page 72
Recognizing lying perps......Page 73
Debunking the eyewitness......Page 74
Dealing with false confessions......Page 75
Determining a defendant’s competence......Page 76
Defining insanity, loosely......Page 77
Tracking Serial Offenders......Page 78
Making the monsters......Page 79
Profiling the Perpetrator......Page 82
Assessing the perpetrator’s psyche......Page 84
Taking trophies and souvenirs......Page 85
Distinguishing MO from signature......Page 86
Profiling the victim: Victimology......Page 87
Drawing boundaries: The killer’s domain......Page 88
Linking Criminals and Crime Scenes......Page 89
Part II Analyzing the Evidence......Page 91
Getting a Grip on Fingerprints......Page 93
Measuring bodies: A precursor to fingerprinting......Page 95
Making Matching Easier: Classifying Prints......Page 97
Grouping by arches, loops, and whorls......Page 98
Developing the Henry System......Page 99
Speeding up identification: AFIS......Page 100
Locating Those Sneaky Prints......Page 101
Powdering the print......Page 102
Using chemistry to expose prints......Page 103
Cleaning up the print: Digital techniques......Page 104
Understanding Blood’s Character......Page 105
Looking into blood clotting......Page 106
Analyzing Bloodstain Patterns......Page 107
Finding clues in passive bloodstains......Page 108
Analyzing projected blood spatters......Page 110
Classifying projected spatters......Page 112
Latching on to transfer patterns......Page 115
Reconstructing the crime scene from bloodstains......Page 117
Putting It All Together: A Hypothetical Case......Page 118
Stepping Out: Shoeprints as Evidence......Page 121
Characterizing and using shoeprints......Page 122
Matching sole to soul — so to speak......Page 123
Collecting shoe impressions......Page 125
Tracking Down Tires......Page 127
Analyzing tire‐track evidence......Page 128
Obtaining tire impressions......Page 130
Characterizing and using tool marks......Page 131
Capturing tool impressions......Page 132
Finding Facts in Fabrics......Page 134
Chapter 8 Burning Down the House: Is It Arson?......Page 135
Striking the Match: Looking into Fire‐Starters......Page 136
Determining Where and How the Fire Started......Page 137
Locating the point of origin......Page 138
Figuring out how it happened......Page 139
Heating Things Up: Accelerants......Page 140
Collecting samples at the scene......Page 141
Taking it to the lab......Page 142
Digging deeper into iffy samples......Page 143
Investigating Homicidal Fires......Page 144
Location, location, location......Page 145
Poisoned by air......Page 146
Defining explosives......Page 147
Investigating a bombing scene......Page 148
Part III Examining the Body......Page 149
Defining Death and Declaring It as Such......Page 151
Searching for a definitive method......Page 152
Determining the causes and mechanisms of death......Page 153
Uncovering the four manners of death......Page 154
Shadowing the Forensic Pathologist......Page 155
Deciding who gets autopsied......Page 156
Conducting an external examination......Page 158
Dissecting the body......Page 162
Sniffing out clues in chemicals: Toxicology......Page 164
Filing the Official Autopsy Report......Page 165
Chapter 10 Identifying Unknown Victims......Page 167
Identifying the Body......Page 168
Examining scars, birthmarks, and tattoos......Page 169
Fingerprinting the dead......Page 171
Checking out the choppers......Page 172
Dem Bones, Dem Bones: Working with Skeletons......Page 173
Determining whether bones are human......Page 174
Determining age......Page 175
Determining sex......Page 176
Seeking individual characteristics......Page 178
Estimating time since death......Page 179
Handling burned bones......Page 180
Determining cause and manner of death......Page 181
Reconstructing Faces......Page 182
Comparing Photographs......Page 183
Defining Time of Death......Page 185
Measuring body temperature......Page 186
Stiffening up: Rigor mortis......Page 187
Getting the blues: Lividity......Page 189
Determining the rate of decay......Page 190
Dealing with other possibilities......Page 193
Breaking the surface: When sinkers become floaters......Page 194
Discovering what was on the menu......Page 195
Getting buggy......Page 196
Checking other scene markers......Page 197
Unleashing the Power of Guns and Gun Evidence......Page 199
Studying entry and exit wounds......Page 200
Slicing, Dicing, and Stabbing......Page 202
Taking the Hit: Blunt‐Force Trauma......Page 204
Scraping and abrading......Page 205
Bruising and battering......Page 206
Breaking bones......Page 208
Getting toothy: Bite marks......Page 210
Moaning and groaning: My aching head......Page 211
A Shocking Situation: Electrocution......Page 214
Wreaking havoc: Electricity’s path through your body......Page 215
Assessing the damage......Page 216
Conducting a rape exam......Page 217
Dealing with fatal assaults......Page 219
Understanding Asphyxia......Page 221
Smothering......Page 222
Choking sensations......Page 223
Applying pressure: Mechanical asphyxia......Page 224
Grasping Strangulation......Page 225
Hands on: Manual strangulation......Page 226
Applying a ligature......Page 228
Hangings......Page 229
Inhaling Deadly Air: Toxic Gases......Page 230
That sneaky carbon monoxide......Page 231
Deadly cyanide......Page 232
Drowning: Water, Water Everywhere......Page 233
Diving deeper to identify drownings......Page 234
Part IV Utilizing the Crime Lab......Page 237
Blood: Life’s Most Precious Fluid......Page 239
Blood typing: The ABO system......Page 240
Identifying a Bloodstain’s Source......Page 241
Answering the first question: Is it blood?......Page 242
Knowing when blood’s really human......Page 243
Narrowing the focus: Whose blood is it?......Page 245
Inheriting your blood type......Page 247
Determining fatherhood......Page 248
Checking for semen......Page 249
Checking for saliva......Page 251
Detecting vaginal fluid......Page 252
Opening an Instruction Manual for Your Cells......Page 253
Understanding the nuts and bolts of DNA......Page 254
Mine, mine, all mine: Uniqueness and DNA......Page 255
Fingering Criminals Using DNA Fingerprints......Page 256
Tracking down and preserving DNA......Page 257
Looking into the genome......Page 258
Repeating yourself: How duplication identifies you......Page 259
Understanding the DNA Fingerprinting Process......Page 260
Getting even smaller with SNPs......Page 262
Making the match......Page 263
Keeping it in the family: Familial DNA......Page 264
Who’s yer daddy? Paternity testing......Page 265
Who’s yer granny and granddaddy? Mitochondrial and Y‐STR DNA......Page 267
Indexing DNA: The CODIS system......Page 269
Understanding Poisons......Page 271
Defining Toxicology......Page 272
Collecting samples......Page 273
Determining the cause and manner of death......Page 275
Presuming the results......Page 277
Interpreting the results......Page 279
Looking at Common Drugs......Page 281
Understanding alcohol......Page 282
Getting down with depressants......Page 284
Hopping up: Stimulants......Page 285
Taking a trip with hallucinogens......Page 286
Dirty deeds: Date rape drugs......Page 288
Bulking up......Page 289
Checking Out Familiar Poisons......Page 290
Defining Trace Evidence......Page 293
Peering through the microscope......Page 294
Splitting Hairs: Linking Crime to Coiffure......Page 296
Dissecting hair’s anatomy......Page 297
Matching criminal to curly lock......Page 298
Fiddling with Fibers......Page 301
Collecting fibers......Page 302
Breaking down the fiber......Page 303
Looking into how glass becomes evidence......Page 304
Analyzing and matching glass......Page 305
Breaking glass......Page 306
Dissecting paint......Page 308
Identifying soils......Page 309
Looking at plants and seeds......Page 310
Chapter 18 Bang! Bang!: Analyzing Firearms Evidence......Page 311
Figuring Out Firearms......Page 312
Extracting Info from Ammo......Page 313
Breaking down bullets......Page 314
Determining caliber and gauge......Page 315
Understanding rifling......Page 316
Reading the ridges......Page 317
The Proof’s in the Powder: Gunshot Residues......Page 319
Tracing gasses and particles......Page 320
Determining distance......Page 321
Chapter 19 Questioning the Validity of Documents......Page 323
Analyzing Handwriting......Page 324
Obtaining standards......Page 325
Comparing handwriting......Page 326
Fingering forgers......Page 327
Exposing Alterations......Page 328
Eradicating the original......Page 329
Adding words......Page 330
Distinguishing papers......Page 331
Identifying inks......Page 332
Hunting and pecking for clues......Page 334
Finding distinctive traits in copies......Page 335
Part V The Part of Tens......Page 337
Using a Homemade Ladder: The Lindbergh Kidnapping......Page 339
Sacco and Vanzetti and Sacco’s Gun......Page 341
Ted Bundy’s Bite Marks......Page 342
Stella Nickell’s Trail of Fingerprints......Page 343
Finding Fibers on Jeffrey MacDonald......Page 344
The Hendricks Family’s Last Meal......Page 346
Picturing John List......Page 347
Being Anastasia Romanov......Page 349
Faking Hitler’s Diaries......Page 350
The Quick Death......Page 351
The Bleeding Corpse......Page 352
The One‐Punch Knockout......Page 353
The Fast‐Acting Poison......Page 354
The Instant Athlete......Page 355
The High‐Tech Lab......Page 356
Chapter 22 Ten Great Forensic Careers......Page 357
Crime Scene Investigator......Page 358
Forensic Pathologist......Page 359
Forensic Pathology Technician......Page 360
Forensic Toxicologist......Page 361
Forensic Document Examiner......Page 362
Forensic DNA Analyst......Page 363
Index......Page 365
EULA......Page 387