دانلود کتاب Foundations of Blockchain: The pathway to cryptocurrencies and decentralized blockchain applications

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Cover Copyright and Credits Packt Upsell Contributors Table of Contents Preface Chapter 1 - Introduction What blockchain is What blockchain isn't Blockchain definitions How are blockchains different from databases? History of blockchain Blockchain 2.0 The motivations behind blockchain Characteristics of blockchain Background of DLT The different types of blockchain Public blockchain (permissionless) Private blockchain (permissioned) Consortium blockchain Overview of blocks Block attributes Structure of the block Block header Linking blocks Influence of Moore's law on blockchain technology Summary Chapter 2 - A Bit of Cryptography Cryptography in blockchain Classical cryptography Cryptographic primitives Symmetric key cryptography Stream cipher Block cipher Data Encryption Standard Advanced Encryption Standard An example implementation of AES Asymmetric key cryptography Prime factorization Discrete logarithm Elliptic-curve RSA cryptosystem RSA parameter generation Encryption and decryption using RSA An example implementation of RSA Elliptic-curve cryptography Operations on elliptic curves Point addition Point doubling Computing the public key Technical details of secp256k1 Digital signatures How does it work? Signing process Verification process Elliptical Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) ECDSA example to create and verify a digital signature Cryptographic hashing Hashing algorithms Message Digest Secure Hash Algorithms (SHA) Hashing example using an SHA-256 algorithm Merkle hash trees Encoding schemes Summary Chapter 3 - Cryptography in Blockchain Hashing in blockchain Linking blocks in a blockchain Linking blocks using an SHA256 hashing algorithm Block structure Blockchain functionality Creating a blockchain Byzantine failure problem in blockchain How does Proof of Work ensure Byzantine fault tolerance? How does Proof of Work use cryptography? An example implementation of Proof of Work Example of finding a nonce to solve Proof of Work Digital signatures in blockchain Creating an identity Signatures in transaction Asset ownership in blockchain Transferring an asset Transmitting the transaction Claiming the asset Blockchain wallets Summary Chapter 4 - Networking in Blockchain Peer-to-peer (P2P) networking History of P2P network P2P networking architecture Network discovery Block synchronization Building a simple blockchain in a P2P network Validating a new block Selecting the longest chain Conflict resolution Block exchange between peers Initial block synchronization Broadcasting scenarios Application interfaces Diving into the code The server interface Block and blockchain interface Running the blockchain nodes Summary Chapter 5 - Cryptocurrency Bitcoin basics Getting started with Bitcoin Core Setting up a Bitcoin full node Installing a Bitcoin full node Compiling from source code Running the Bitcoin node Communicating with the Bitcoin node Communicating using scripting language through the JSON-RPC implementation Keys and addresses Public and private keys Bitcoin public addresses Transactions Transactions at a high level Transaction input and output Transaction output Transaction input Transaction verification Script Script example Locking and unlocking scripts Types of transaction script Mining and consensus Mining a block Verification of transactions Aggregating transactions into a block Coinbase transactions Mining a block using the Proof of Work algorithm Mining pool Blockchain Block structure Block header The genesis block Merkle trees Blockchain networks Testnet Regtest Bitcoin hard forks and altcoins A simple cryptocurrency application Transactions Transaction output Transaction input Transaction structure UTXO Transaction validation Transaction signing Wallet Key management Wallet balance Creating transactions Consuming UTXOs Constructing a transaction Transaction management Transaction pool Broadcasting Blockchain Application endpoints Summary Chapter 6 - Diving into Blockchain - Proof of Existence MultiChain blockchain platform Why choose MultiChain? The basics of MultiChain MultiChain functionalities Permission management Asset management Stream management Setting up a blockchain environment Running MultiChain nodes Getting started with MultiChain Creating a chain Connecting to an existing chain Checking the blockchain Working with streams Proof of Existence architecture Publishing the document Verifying the document Building the Proof of Existence application MultiChain JSON-RPC driver Proof of Existence library Proof of Existence web server Publishing the document Verifying the document Executing and deploying the application Summary Chapter 7 - Diving into Blockchain - Proof of Ownership Digital assets and identity Proof of ownership Smart contracts Choosing the smart contract platform NEO blockchain Building blocks of a NEO blockchain NEO technology Consensus algorithm NEO smart contract Additional NEO projects NEO nodes Getting started Setting up a full node Setting up a neo-python environment Setting up a JSON-RPC interface for the node NEO network Test network Private network NEO transactions Transferring an asset Creating a decentralized application Basic smart contract Proof of ownership application Creating the smart contract Executing the smart contract Interface for the application Ethereum blockchain Ethereum nodes Getting started Setting up a node Setting up a development environment Creating a decentralized application Basic smart contract Proof of ownership application Creating the smart contract Executing the smart contract Interface for the application Summary Chapter 8 - Blockchain Projects Categorizing the blockchain projects Financial projects Non-financial projects Financial blockchain projects Cryptocurrencies Traceable cryptocurrencies Untraceable cryptocurrencies Zcash Crypto tokens Coin offerings Ripple payment network Ripple use cases Cross-border payments Ripple tokens as a currency bridge Ripple network Ripple consensus algorithm Ripple token (XRP) Cryptocurrency exchanges Decentralized exchanges Kyber Network Non-financial blockchain projects Asset management Factom Design Factom products Social media platforms Steem Voting model in Steem Steem tokens Consensus in Steem Digital identity ShoCard Identity Management ShoCard architecture Blockchain in the Internet of Things (IoT) IOTA Design IOTA in IoT Data storage Filecoin IPFS Filecoin consensus Filecoin's decentralized storage network (DSN) Filecoin markets BigchainDB Features of BigchainDB The life cycle of BigchainDB transactions Use cases Distributed computing Golem Golem ecosystem Blockchain platforms Ethereum Ethereum token EVM Blockchain consensus DApp development Ethereum network Links for the projects Summary Chapter 9 - Blockchain Optimizations and Enhancements Blockchain optimizations Transaction exchange Blockchain relay networks Invertible bloom lookup tables Off-chain transactions Off-chain state channels The Lightning Network Routed payment network Sidechains Block size improvements Motivations to increase the block size Concerns on increasing the block size Proposed solutions Blockchain enhancements Sharding The motivation for database sharding Sharding in blockchain Components in a shard Design of a sharded blockchain Cross-shard communication Evolution of the consensus algorithm Proof of Stake (PoS) Proof of Activity (PoA) Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT) consensus models Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) Federated Byzantine Fault Tolerance (FBFT) Proof of Elapsed Time (PoET) Cross-chain protocol Interledger protocol (ILP) Interledger components Design of Interledger Privacy enhancement Zero-knowledge proof General examples zk-SNARKs Zcash transactions Private transactions Summary Chapter 10 - Blockchain Security Transaction security model Risks of the security model Decentralized security model Centralization due to cryptocurrency exchanges Mt. Gox Bitfinex Coinrail Centralization in mining pools Attacks on the blockchain Double-spend attacks Double-spending in Bitcoin transactions Creating the first transaction Creating the transaction to double-spend 51% attack Implications of the attack Avoiding the attack Eclipse attacks Eclipsing the node Implications and analysis of the attack Vulnerabilities and countermeasures Threats of quantum computing Summary Chapter 11 - When Shouldn't We Use Blockchain? Distributed databases versus distributed ledger technology (DLT) Decentralized control of information Confidentiality of information Robustness Performance What can we store on a blockchain? Storing data as transactions Storing minimal data Storing data that requires minimal changes Centralized versus decentralized application architecture Properties of blockchain Immutability Non-repudiation Security Redundancy Reduced cost Transparency Decision models for blockchain Karl Wüst and Arthur Gervais Birch-Brown-Parulava model Framework to evaluate the suitability of blockchain Generalized decision model Summary Chapter 12 - Blockchain Use Cases Tracking provenance in the supply chain Pain points in a supply chain Blockchain as a solution Blockchain implementation of the supply chain Financial system Pain points in the payment system Blockchain as a solution Blockchain implementations of a payment system Ripple Stellar Crowdfunding Pain points in crowdfunding Blockchain as a solution Blockchain implementation of crowdfunding using an ICO Non-profit autonomous organizations Pain points in non-profit autonomous organizations Blockchain as a solution Blockchain implementation of a non-profit DAO Summary Other Books You May Enjoy Leave a review - let other readers know what you think Index