دانلود کتاب Foundations of Real-World Economics: What Every Economics Student Needs to Know

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Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
Chapter 1: Welcome to Real-World Economics
My Credo
Humanistic Economics
A Primer on Blackboard Economics
Toward a Paradigm Shift in Economics
Real-World Economics Is Preferable
Simple Is for Simple Minded
“It’s Only a Model!”
Chapter 2: Markets Are Neither Omniscient Nor Omnipotent
Markets Are Not Created by Divine Power
The Downside of Free Markets
Government Is an Essential Component of the Economy
Markets Have Limitations
The “Achilles Heel” of Markets
Morality Should Take Precedence over Markets
Economics Is a Social Science and Not a Natural Science
Ideology Is Unavoidable
Chapter 3: The Nature of Demand
What Is Scarce?
Consumer Sovereignty and Endogenous Tastes
Wants and Basic Needs
The Metaphor of the Invisible Hand
The Magic of Competition
Consumerism
Chapter 4: Homo Oeconomicus Is Extinct: The Foundations of Behavioral Economics
Utility Maximization
Optimization Is Impossible for Finite Minds
Our Brain Is Imperfect
Neuroeconomics
Bounded Rationality
Satisficing Instead of Optimizing
Biases and Wonders of Intuition
Heuristics
Framing, Accessibility, and Anchoring
Prospect Theory
Behavioral Economics
Cognitive Endowment
Genetic Endowment
Chapter 5: Taste Makers and Consumption
The Influence of Corporate Power
Interdependent Utility Functions
Society
Culture
Fairness
Efficiency vs. Equity
Self-Interest and Altruism
Positive and Normative Economics
Expected vs. Realized Utility
Imperfect Information
Signaling
Chapter 6: Firms and Imperfect Competition
Firms
The Illusion of Perfect Competition
Imperfect Competition: Oligopolies and Monopolies
Prices
Equilibrium and Disequilibrium
Adverse Selection
Chapter 7: Returns to the Factors of Production
Marginal Theory
Wages
The Returns on Capital
Profits
Institutions as Capital
Intangible Forms of Capital
Natural Resources
Income Distribution
The Second Gilded Age
Growth in Welfare
Ethics and the Skewed Distribution of Income
Chapter 8: The Case for Oversight, Regulation, and Control of Markets
Principal-Agent Problem
Moral Hazard
Transaction Costs
Opportunistic Behavior
Regulation in the Public Interest
Regulatory Capture
Moral Constraints
Market Failures
Exploitation
Time and Space
Path Dependence
Limits and Standards
Chapter 9: Microeconomic Applications on and off the Blackboard
Minimum Wage Is Good Economics
Price Controls Can Be Good
Unions and Countervailing Power
The American Medical Association Is a Cartel
Discrimination Is Pernicious
Redistribution Would Help
Chapter 10: What Is Macroeconomics?
Keynes the Savior
Keynesian Fiscal Policy
Monetary Policy
The Liquidity Trap
Neoclassical Synthesis
The Monetarist Counterrevolution
A Macroeconomic Policy Void
GNP Is an Estimate of Production and Not of Welfare
Production Possibilities Frontier
Chapter 11: Macroeconomics Part II
Unemployment and Underemployment
The Natural Rate of Unemployment
Economic Growth
Economic Growth Does Not Increase Life Satisfaction
Technological Change Is a Two-Edged Sword
Missing Markets
Environment
Chapter 12: Macroeconomics Part III
The Government Is Part of the Solution
The Challenges of Keynesian Fiscal Policy
Crowding Out
The Threat of a Mushrooming National Debt
Taxes Are Good for Us
Savings or the Lack Thereof
Inflation and Deflation
Nominal vs. Real Wages
The Obama Stimulus
Chapter 13: International Trade: Open Economy Macroeconomics
The Theory of Comparative Advantage
The Effects of Tariffs on Welfare Are Complicated by Underemployment
Free Trade Is Not an Engine of Growth
The Protection of Infant Industries
Unbalanced Trade Creates Underemployment
Import Certificates Are the Only Safe Way to Eliminate the Trade Deficit
New Trade Theory
Chapter 14: The Financial Crisis of 2008
Preliminaries
Financial Innovations
Double Trouble: Greenspan’s Bubbles
Early Warnings Fell on Deaf Ears
The Minsky Moment: The Meltdown of 2008
Thirty-One Factors That Contributed to the Crisis
The Bailout: A Crisis Obama Wasted
Nationalization of the Banks as Pre-privatization
Chapter 15: Conclusion: The Foundations of Real-World Economics
Imaginary vs. Real Markets
The Inconvenient Truth about the Current State of the U.S. Economy
The U.S. Economy Is Facing 14 Headwinds, None of Which Is Fixable in the Foreseeable Future
Index