دانلود کتاب Four Chapters on Freedom: Commentary on the Yoga Sutras of Sage Patanjali

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Introduction Sutra Chapter One: Samadhi Pada 1 Introduction to yoga 2 What is yoga? 3 The culmination of yoga 4 What happens otherwise to purusha? 5 Vrittis – main classification 6 Five kinds of vrittis 7 (i) Pramana – sources of right knowledge 8 (ii) Viparyaya – misconception 9 (iii) Vikalpa – unfounded belief 10 (iv) Nidra – state of sleep 11 (v) Smriti – memory 12 Necessity of abhyasa and vairagya 13 Abhyasa means constant practice 14 Foundation of abhyasa 15 Lower form of vairagya 16 Higher form of vairagya 17 Definition of samprajnata samadhi 18 Definition of asamprajnata samadhi 19 Past merits needed for asamprajnata samadhi 20 Otherwise, merits needed for asamprajnata samadhi 21 Quicker is intensity of eagerness 22 Three degrees of eagerness 23 Or by devotion to Ishwara 24 Definition of Ishwara 25 Attribute of Ishwara 26 Ishwara is the jagatguru 27 Pranava is verily Ishwara 28 Sadhana for Ishwara 29 Result of this sadhana 30 Obstacles in the path of yoga 31 Other obstructions 32 Removal of obstacles by one-pointedness 33 (ii) Or by cultivating opposite virtues 34 (iii) Or by controlling prana 35 (iv) Or by observing sense experience 36 (v) Or by inner illumination 37 (vi) Or by detachment from matter 38 (vii) Or by knowledge of dream and sleep 39 (viii) Or by meditation as desired 40 Fruits of meditation 41 Oneness of chitta with object 42 Savitarka samadhi 43 Nirvitarka samadhi 44 Other forms of samadhi 45 Extent of samadhi 46 Samadhi with seed 47 Then spiritual light dawns 48 Cosmic experience 49 Characteristics of this experience 50 Dynamic form of consciousness in samadhi 51 Then one attains samadhi without seed Sutra Chapter Two: Sadhana Pada 1 Discipline for sadhana 2 Why discipline? 3 Causes of pain 4 Avidya is the root cause 5 (i) Avidya – ignorance 6 (ii) Asmita – ‘I-feeling’ 7 (iii) Raga 8 (iv) Dwesha 9 (v) Abhinivesha – clinging to life 10 Kleshas can be reduced 11 By meditation 12 Karmashaya and reincarnation 13 Fruits of karmashaya 14 Fruits depend on past merits 15 Pleasure and pain are both painful 16 Future pain avoidable 17 Cause of heya 18 Properties of nature 19 Four stages of the gunas 20 The seer defined 21 Prakriti is only for purusha 22 Prakriti after liberation 23 Why union? 24 Avidya is the cause 25 Definition of hana 26 The means for hana 27 Stages of enlightenment 28 Necessity of yoga practice 29 Eight parts of yoga discipline 30 The five yamas 31 The great disciplines 32 The five niyamas 33 Way to remove disturbances 34 Their degree and nature 35 Fruits of (i) ahimsa 36 Fruits of (ii) satya 37 Fruits of (iii) asteya 38 Fruits of (iv) brahmacharya 39 Fruits of (v) aparigraha 40 Fruits of (vi) shaucha 41 Shaucha 42 Fruits of (vii) santosha 43 Fruits of (viii) tapas 44 Fruits of (ix) swadhyaya 45 Fruits of (x) Ishwara pranidhana 46 Asana 47 How to master asana 48 Result of this mastery 49 Pranayama 50 Three kinds of pranayama 51 Fourth kind of pranayama 52 Removal of the veil 53 Mind becomes fit for dharana 54 Pratyahara 55 Mastery over the senses Sutra Chapter Three: Vibhooti Pada 1 What is dharana? 2 What is dhyana? 3 What is samadhi? 4 What is samyama? 5 Result of samyama 6 Its application 7 These three are internal 8 Yet external to nirbeeja samadhi 9 Nirodha parinama 10 Fruits of nirodha parinama 11 Samadhi parinama 12 Ekagrata parinama 13 Application of these parinamas 14 Dharmi – the common substratum 15 Cause of difference 16 Knowledge of past and future 17 Knowledge of all speech 18 Knowledge of previous births 19 Knowledge of others’ minds 20 But not of the mental image 21 Invisibility 22 Disappearance of the tanmatras 23 Knowledge of time of death 24 Powers of friendliness, etc. 25 Attainment of strength 26 Hidden knowledge 27 Knowledge of the solar system 28 Knowledge of the stars 29 Knowledge of their movements 30 Knowledge of the body 31 Cessation of hunger and thirst 32 Power of steadiness 33 Spiritual vision 34 Intuitive knowledge 35 Awareness of chitta 36 Knowledge of purusha 37 Intuitive perception 38 Psychic powers are obstacles 39 Entering another’s body 40 Levitation 41 Aura 42 Divine hearing 43 Moving through space 44 Univeral state of mind 45 Mastery of the bhutas 46 Attainment of anima, etc. 47 Perfection of the body 48 Mastery of sense organs 49 Conquest of prakriti 50 Omnipotence and omniscience 51 Vairagya and knowledge 52 Causes of downfall 53 Awareness of ultimate reality 54 Knowledge of distinctions 55 Transcendental knowledge 56 Attainment of kaivalya Sutra Chapter Four: Kaivalya Pada 1 Sources of siddhis 2 Fundamental transformation 3 Instrumental cause 4 Created mind 5 Natural mind directs 6 And is free from impressions 7 Influence of karma 8 Manifestation of vasanas 9 Memory and impressions 10 Source of vasanas 11 Disappearance of vasanas 12 Past and future exist 13 Factor of existence 14 Essence of object 15 Theory of perception 16 Mind and object 17 Reflection of object 18 Purusha knows the mind 19 Chitta not self-illuminative 20 Limitation of mind 21 Confusion of memories 22 Knowledge of its own nature 23 Apprehension of mind 24 It works for purusha 25 Cessation of distinction 26 Heading to kaivalya 27 Pratyayas still arise 28 Their removal 29 Dharmamegha samadhi 30 Freedom from kleshas 31 Infinity of knowledge 32 Gunas retire 33 Krama apprehensible 34 Kaivalya Appendices A: Phonetic Pronunciation Guide B: Freedom in a Nutshell (Sanskrit) C: Freedom in a Nutshell (Transliteration) Glossary Index