دانلود کتاب Government in America: People, Politics, and Policy, 2020 Presidential Election Edition [AP Edition]

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Government in America: People, Politics, and Policy
Copyright
Brief Contents
Contents
Meet the Authors
To the Student
To the Instructor
Preface
PART I: Constitutional Foundations
Chapter 1: Introducing Government in America
Government
Politics
The Policymaking System
People Shape Policy
Policies Impact People
Democracy in America
Traditional Democratic Theory
Three Contemporary Theories of American Democracy
Challenges to Democracy
American Political Culture and Democracy
The Scope of Government in America
How Active Is American Government?
Review the Chapter
Learn the Terms
Explore Further
Chapter 2: The Constitution
Politics in Action: Amending the Constitution
The Origins of the Constitution
The Road to Revolution
Declaring Independence
The English Heritage: The Power of Ideas
The American Creed
Winning Independence
The \"Conservative\" Revolution
The Government That Failed: 1776–1787
The Articles of Confederation
Why It Matters Today: A Strong National Government
Changes in the States
Economic Turmoil
The Aborted Annapolis Meeting
Writing a Constitution: The Philadelphia Convention
Gentlemen in Philadelphia
Philosophy into Action
Critical Issues at the Convention
The Equality Issues
Why It Matters Today: Representation in the Senate
Point to Ponder
The Economic Issues
The Individual Rights Issues
The Madisonian System
Thwarting the Tyranny of the Majority
Why It Matters Today: Checks and Balances
The Constitutional Republic
The End of the Beginning
Ratifying the Constitution
Federalists and Anti-Federalists
Ratification
Changing the Constitution
The Formal Amending Process
You Are the Policymaker: How Frequently Should We Amend the Constitution?
The Informal Processes of Constitutional Change
The Importance of Flexibility
Understanding the Constitution
The Constitution and Democracy
The Constitution and the Scope of Government
Review the Chapter
Learn the Terms
Explore Further
Chapter 3: Federalism
Politics in Action: Conflict Between Levels of Government
Defining Federalism
Why Federalism?
The Constitutional Basis of Federalism
The Division of Power
Why It Matters Today: Protecting Rights
National Supremacy
Why It Matters Today: Commerce Power
States\' Obligations to Each Other
Intergovernmental Relations
From Dual to Cooperative Federalism
Devolution?
Why It Matters Today: Grants-in-Aid
Fiscal Federalism
Point to Ponder
Diversity in Policy
You Are the Policymaker: Should Whether You Live Depend On Where You Live?
Understanding Federalism
Federalism and Democracy
Federalism and the Scope of the National Government
Review the Chapter
Learn the Terms
Explore Further
Chapter 4: Civil Liberties and Public Policy
Politics in Action: Free Speech on Campus
The Bill of Rights
The Bill of Rights–Then and Now
The Bill of Rights and the States
Freedom of Religion
The Establishment Clause
Why It Matters Today: The Establishment Clause
The Free Exercise Clause
You Are the Judge: The Case of Animal Sacrifices
Freedom of Expression
Prior Restraint
You Are the Judge: The Case of the Purloined Pentagon Papers
Free Speech and Public Order
Obscenity
You Are the Judge: The Case of the Drive-In Theater
Libel and Slander
Why It Matters Today: Libel Law
Symbolic Speech
Compelled Speech
Free Press and Fair Trials
Commercial Speech
Regulation of the Public Airwaves and Cyberspace
Campaign Spending
Freedom of Assembly
Right to Assemble
Right to Associate
You Are the Judge: The Case of the Nazis\' March in Skokie
Right to Bear Arms
Point to Ponder
Defendants\' Rights
Searches and Seizures
Why It Matters Today: The Exclusionary Rule
You Are the Judge: The Case of Ms. Montoya
Self-Incrimination
Double Jeopardy
You Are the Judge: The Case of the Enticed Farmer
The Right to Counsel
Trials
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
You Are the Judge: The Case of the First Offender
The Right to Privacy
Is There a Right to Privacy?
Controversy over Abortion
Understanding Civil Liberties
Civil Liberties and Democracy
Civil Liberties and the Scope of Government
Review the Chapter
Learn the Terms
Key Cases
Explore Further
Chapter 5: Civil Rights and Public Policy
Politics in Action: Launching the Civil Rights Movement
The Struggle for Equality
Conceptions of Equality
The Constitution and Inequality
African Americans\' Civil Rights
Slavery
Reconstruction and Segregation
Equal Education
The Civil Rights Movement and Public Policy
Why It Matters Today: Brown v. Board of Education
Voting Rights
Why It Matters Today: The Voting Rights Act
The Rights of Other Minority Groups
Native Americans
Latinos
Asian Americans
Arab Americans and Muslims
The Rights of Women
The Battle for the Vote
The \"Doldrums\": 1920–1960
The Second Feminist Wave
Women in the Workplace
Why It Matters Today: Changes in the Workplace
You Are the Judge: Is Male-Only Draft Registration Gender Discrimination?
Sexual Harassment
Other Groups Active Under the Civil Rights Umbrella
Civil Rights and the Graying of America
Civil Rights and People with Disabilities
LGBTQ+ Rights
Affirmative Action
Point to Ponder
You Are the Judge: The Case of the New Haven Firefighters
Understanding Civil Rights and Public Policy
Civil Rights and Democracy
Civil Rights and the Scope of Government
Review the Chapter
Learn the Terms
Key Cases
Explore Further
PART II: People and Politics
Chapter 6: Public Opinion and Political Action
Politics in Action: The Limits of Public Understanding of Health Care Reform
The American People
The Immigrant Society
You Are the Policymaker: Should Immigration Be Based More on Skills Than Blood Ties?
The American Melting Pot
The Regional Shift
The Graying of America
How Americans Learn About Politics: Political Socialization
The Process of Political Socialization
Political Learning over a Lifetime
Measuring Public Opinion and Political Information
How Polls Are Conducted
The Role of Polls in American Democracy
What Polls Reveal About Americans\' Political Information
Point to Ponder
Why It Matters Today: Political Knowledge of the Electorate
The Decline of Trust in Government
What Americans Value: Political Ideologies
The Influence of Political Ideology on Political Behavior
How Americans Participate in Politics
Conventional Participation
Protest as Participation
Class, Inequality, and Participation
Why It Matters Today: Political Participation
Understanding Public Opinion and Political Action
Public Attitudes Toward the Scope of Government
Democracy, Public Opinion, and Political Action
Review the Chapter
Learn the Terms
Explore Further
Chapter 7: The Mass Media and the Political Agenda
Politics in Action: The Twitter Presidency
The Mass Media Today
The Development of Media Politics
The Print Media
The Emergence of Radio and Television
Government Regulation of Electronic Media
From Broadcasting to Narrowcasting: The Rise of Cable and Cable News
The Impact of the Internet and Social Media
You Are the Policymaker: What Should Be Done About the Digital Divide?
Private Control of the Media
Why It Matters Today: Media as a Business
Reporting the News
Finding the News
Presenting the News
Why It Matters Today: The Increasing Speed of News Dissemination
Bias in the News
The News and Public Opinion
Policy Entrepreneurs and Agenda Setting
Understanding the Mass Media
The Media and the Scope of Government
Individualism and the Media
Point to Ponder
Democracy and the Media
Review the Chapter
Learn the Terms
Explore Further
Chapter 8: Political Parties
Politics in Action: Party Polarization on Immigration Policy
The Meaning of Party
Tasks of the Parties
Why It Matters Today: Political Parties
Parties, Voters, and Policy: The Downs Model
The Party in the Electorate
The Party Organizations: From the Grass Roots to Washington
Local Parties
The 50 State Party Systems
You Are the Policymaker: Should Political Parties Choose Their Nominees in Open or Closed Primaries?
The National Party Organizations
The Party in Government: Promises and Policy
Party Eras in American History
1796–1824: The First Party System
1828–1856: Jackson and the Democrats Versus the Whigs
1860–1928: The Two Republican Eras
1932–1964: The New Deal Coalition
1968–Present: Southern Realignment and the Era of Divided Party Government
Why It Matters Today: Divided Party Government
Third Parties: Their Impact on American Politics
Understanding Political Parties
Democracy and Responsible Party Government: How Should We Govern?
American Political Parties and the Scope of Government
Point to Ponder
Review the Chapter
Learn the Terms
Explore Further
Chapter 9: Campaigns and Voting Behavior
Politics in Action: How Running for Office Can Be More Demanding Than Governing
The Nomination Game
Competing for Delegates
Point to Ponder
Why It Matters Today: Early Delegate Contests
The Convention Send-Off
The Campaign Game
The High-Tech Media Campaign
Organizing the Campaign
Money and Campaigning
Regulations on Campaign Contributions
Regulations on Independent Political Expenditures
Are Campaigns Too Expensive?
Does Money Buy Victory?
Why It Matters Today: Money and Elections
The Impact of Campaigns
Whether to Vote: A Citizen\'s First Choice
Deciding Whether to Vote
Registering to Vote
Who Votes?
Why It Matters Today: Youth Turnout
How Americans Vote: Explaining Citizens\' Decisions
Party Identification
Candidate Evaluations: How Americans See the Candidates
Policy Voting
2020: An Election Like No Other
The Last Battle: The Electoral College
You Are the Policymaker: Should We Make Every State a Battleground by Electing the President by a National Popular Vote?
Understanding Campaigns and Voting Behavior
Are Nominations and Campaigns Too Democratic?
Do Elections Affect Public Policy?
Do Campaigns Lead to Increases in the Scope of Government?
Review the Chapter
Learn the Terms
Explore Further
Chapter 10: Interest Groups
Politics in Action: How the Beverage Industry Mobilized to Stop a Sugar Tax
Theories of Interest Group Politics
The Role of Interest Groups in Politics
Pluralism
Elitism
Hyperpluralism
Point to Ponder
Why It Matters Today: Theories of Interest Group Politics
What Makes an Interest Group Successful?
The Surprising Effectiveness of Small Groups
Intensity
Financial Resources
How Groups Try to Shape Policy
Lobbying
Electioneering
Why It Matters Today: PACs
You Are the Policymaker: Should PACs Be Eliminated?
Litigating
Social Media and Going Public
Types of Interest Groups
Economic Interests
Environmental Interests
Equality Interests
Consumer and Other Public Interest Lobbies
Understanding Interest Groups
Interest Groups and Democracy
Interest Groups and the Scope of Government
Review the Chapter
Learn the Terms
Explore Further
PART III: The Policymakers
Chapter 11: Congress
Politics in Action: Governing in Congress
Representatives and Senators
The Members
Why Aren\'t There More Women in Congress?
Congressional Elections
Who Wins Elections?
Why It Matters Today: Incumbent Success
The Advantages of Incumbency
Defeating Incumbents
Open Seats
Stability and Change
You Are the Policymaker: Should We Impose Term Limits on Members of Congress?
How Congress Is Organized to Make Policy
American Bicameralism
Congressional Leadership
Why It Matters Today: Party Strength
The Committees and Subcommittees
Why It Matters Today: The Committee System
Caucuses: The Informal Organization of Congress
Congressional Staff
The Lawmaking Process
Agenda Setting
The Committees at Work: Legislation
The Committees at Work: Oversight
Why It Matters Today: Inconsistent Oversight
Floor Debate and the Filibuster
Why It Matters Today: The Filibuster
Unorthodox Lawmaking
Influences on Congressional Decision Making
Presidents and Congress: Partners and Protagonists
Party, Ideology, and Constituency
Lobbyists and Interest Groups
Point to Ponder
Understanding Congress
Congress and Democracy
Congress and the Scope of Government
Review the Chapter
Learn the Terms
Explore Further
Chapter 12: The Presidency
Politics in Action: Presidential Power
The Presidents
Great Expectations
Who They Are
Point to Ponder
How They Got There
Why It Matters Today: Standards of Impeachment
Presidential Powers
Constitutional Powers
The Expansion of Power
Perspectives on Presidential Power
President or Prime Minister?
Running the Government: The Chief Executive
The Vice President
The Cabinet
The Executive Office of the President
The White House Staff
The First Lady
Presidential Leadership of Congress: The Politics of Shared Powers
Chief Legislator
Why It Matters Today: The President\'s Veto
Party Leadership
Public Support
Legislative Skills
You Are the Policymaker: Should We Increase the President\'s Legislative Powers?
The President and National Security Policy
Chief Diplomat
Commander in Chief
War Powers
Why It Matters Today: War Powers
Crisis Manager
Working with Congress
Power from the People: The Public Presidency
Going Public
Presidential Approval
Policy Support
Mobilizing the Public
The President and the Press
Nature of News Coverage
Understanding the American Presidency
The Presidency and Democracy
The Presidency and the Scope of Government
Review the Chapter
Learn the Terms
Explore Further
Chapter 13: The Budget: The Politics of Taxing and Spending
Politics in Action: The Messy Politics of Budgeting
Federal Revenue and Borrowing
Personal and Corporate Income Tax
Why It Matters Today: The Progressive Income Tax
Social Insurance Taxes
Borrowing
Why It Matters Today: Deficit Spending
Taxes and Public Policy
Federal Expenditures
Big Governments, Big Budgets
The Rise of the National Security State
The Rise of the Social Service State
Incrementalism
\"Uncontrollable\" Expenditures
Why It Matters Today: \"Uncontrollable\" Spending
The Budgetary Process
Budgetary Politics
Point to Ponder
The President\'s Budget
Congress and the Budget
You Are the Policymaker: Balancing the Budget
Understanding Budgeting
Democracy and Budgeting
The Budget and the Scope of Government
Review the Chapter
Learn the Terms
Explore Further
Chapter 14: The Federal Bureaucracy
Politics in Action: Regulating Food
The Bureaucrats
Some Bureaucratic Myths and Realities
Civil Servants
Why It Matters Today: The Merit System
Political Appointees
How the Federal Bureaucracy Is Organized
Cabinet Departments
Independent Regulatory Commissions
Why It Matters Today: Independent Regulatory Commissions
Government Corporations
The Independent Executive Agencies
Bureaucracies as Implementors
What Implementation Means
Why the Best-Laid Plans Sometimes Flunk the Implementation Test
Why It Matters Today: Bureaucratic Resources
Point to Ponder
A Case Study of Successful Implementation: The Voting Rights Act of 1965
Privatization
You Are the Policymaker: Should the Federal Bureaucracy Contract Out to Private Organizations?
Bureaucracies as Regulators
Regulation in the Economy and in Everyday Life
Two Types of Regulatory Activity
Deregulation
Controlling the Bureaucracy
Presidents Try to Control the Bureaucracy
Congress Tries to Control the Bureaucracy
Iron Triangles and Issue Networks
Understanding Bureaucracies
Bureaucracy and Democracy
Bureaucracy and the Scope of Government
Review the Chapter
Learn the Terms
Explore Further
Chapter 15: The Federal Courts
Politics in Action: Finding Justice in the Supreme Court
The Nature of the Judicial System
Participants in the Judicial System
The Structure of the Federal Judicial System
District Courts
Courts of Appeals
The Supreme Court
The Politics of Judicial Selection
The Lower Courts
Why It Matters Today: Senatorial Courtesy
The Supreme Court
You Are the Policymaker: The Politics of Supreme Court Appointments
The Backgrounds of Judges and Justices
Backgrounds
Criteria for Selection
Background Characteristics and Policymaking
The Courts as Policymakers
Accepting Cases
The Process of Decision Making
The Basis of Decisions
Point to Ponder
Implementing Court Decisions
Why It Matters Today: The Lack of a Judicial Bureaucracy
The Courts and Public Policy: A Historical Review
John Marshall and the Growth of Judicial Review
The \"Nine Old Men\"
The Warren Court
The Burger Court
The Rehnquist and Roberts Courts
Understanding the Courts
The Courts and Democracy
Why It Matters Today: Judicial Election
The Scope of Judicial Power
Review the Chapter
Learn the Terms
Explore Further
PART IV: Policies
Chapter 16: Economic and Social Welfare Policymaking
Politics in Action: The Debate Over Work Requirements for Food Stamps During the Trump Administration
Economic Policymaking
Two Major Worries: Unemployment and Inflation
Policies for Controlling the Economy
Why It Matters Today: Interest Rates
Why It Matters Today: Keynesian Versus Supply-Side Economics
Why It Is Hard to Control the Economy
Point to Ponder
Types of Social Welfare Policies
Why It Matters Today: Perceptions of Poverty
Income, Poverty, and Public Policy
Who\'s Getting What?
Who\'s Poor in America?
How Public Policy Affects Income
You Are the Policymaker: Should Congress Increase the Minimum Wage?
Helping the Poor? Social Policy and the Needy
\"Welfare\" as We Knew It
Ending Welfare as We Knew It: The Welfare Reform of 1996
Why It Matters Today: The 1996 Reform of Welfare
Social Security: Living on Borrowed Time
The Growth of Social Security
Reforming Social Security
Social Welfare Policy Elsewhere
Understanding Economic and Social Welfare Policymaking
Democracy and Economic and Social Welfare Policies
Economic and Social Welfare Policies and the Scope of Government
Review the Chapter
Learn the Terms
Explore Further
Chapter 17: Policymaking for Health Care, the Environment, and Energy
Politics in Action: The President Tries to Reform Health Care
Health Care Policy
The Cost of Health Care
Access to Health Care
The Role of Government in Health Care
Why It Matters Today: National Health Insurance
Environmental Policy
Economic Growth and the Environment
Environmental Policies in America
You Are the Policymaker: How Much Should We Do to Save a Species? The Florida Manatee
Why It Matters Today: \"NIMBY\"
Global Warming
Why It Matters Today: Global Warming
Energy Policy
Coal
Petroleum and Natural Gas
Nuclear Energy
Point to Ponder
Renewable Sources of Energy
Understanding Health Care, Environmental, and Energy Policy
Democracy, Health Care, and Environmental Policy
The Scope of Government and Health Care, Environmental, and Energy Policy
Review the Chapter
Learn the Terms
Explore Further
Chapter 18: Foreign Policymaking
Politics in Action: A New Threat
American Foreign Policy: Instruments, Actors, and Policymakers
Instruments of Foreign Policy
Actors on the World Stage
The Policymakers
Point to Ponder
American Foreign Policy Through the Cold War
Isolationism
The Cold War
American Foreign Policy and the War on Terrorism
The Spread of Terrorism
Afghanistan and Iraq
Defense Policy
Defense Spending
Why It Matters Today: The Defense Budget
Personnel
Weapons
Reforming Defense Policy
The New National Security Agenda
The Changing Role of Military Power
Why It Matters Today: The Only Superpower
Nuclear Proliferation
You Are the Policymaker: Defanging a Nuclear Threat
The Larger Foreign Policy Landscape
The International Economy
Why It Matters Today: Economic Interdependence
International Health
Energy
Environment
Foreign Aid
Understanding U.S. Foreign Policymaking
Foreign Policymaking and Democracy
Foreign Policymaking and the Scope of Government
Review the Chapter
Learn the Terms
Explore Further
Appendices
Glossary
Notes
Index