دانلود کتاب Green Engineering: Environmentally Conscious Design of Chemical Processes

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Cover CONTENTS PREFACE ABOUT THE AUTHORS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PART I: A CHEMICAL ENGINEER'S GUIDE TO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES AND REGULATIONS 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES 1.1 Introduction 1.2 The Role of Chemical Processes and Chemical Products 1.3 An Overview of Major Environmental Issues 1.4 Global Environmental Issues 1.5 Air Quality Issues 1.6 Water Quality Issues 1.7 Ecology 1.8 Natural Resources 1.9 Waste Flows in the United States Summary References Problems 2 RISK CONCEPTS 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Description of Risk 2.3 Value of Risk Assessment in the Engineering Profession 2.4 Risk-Based Environmental Law 2.5 General Overview of Risk Assessment Concepts 2.6 Hazard Assessment 2.7 Dose-Response 2.8 Exposure Assessment 2.9 Risk Characterization Summary References Problems 3 ENVIRONMENTAL LAW AND REGULATIONS: FROM END-OF-PIPE TO POLLUTION PREVENTION 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Nine Prominent Federal Environmental Statutes 3.3 Evolution of Regulatory and Voluntary Programs: From End-of-Pipe to Pollution Prevention 3.4 Pollution Prevention Concepts and Terminology References Problems 4 THE ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Responsibilities for Chemical Process Safety 4.3 Responsibilities for Environmental Protection 4.4 Further Reading in Engineering Ethics References Problems PART II: EVALUATING AND IMPROVING ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF CHEMICAL PROCESSES 5 EVALUATING ENVIRONMENTAL FATE: APPROACHES BASED ON CHEMICAL STRUCTURE 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Chemical and Physical Property Estimation 5.3 Estimating Environmental Persistence 5.4 Estimating Ecosystem Risks 5.5 Using Property Estimates to Estimate Environmental Fate and Exposure 5.6 Classifying Environmental Risks Based on Chemical Structure References Problems 6 EVALUATING EXPOSURES 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Occupational Exposures: Recognition, Evaluation, and Control 6.3 Exposure Assessment for Chemicals in the Ambient Environment 6.4 Designing Safer Chemicals References Problems 7 GREEN CHEMISTRY 7.1 Green Chemistry 7.2 Green Chemistry Methodologies 7.3 Quantitative/Optimization-Based Frameworks for the Design of Green Chemical Synthesis Pathways 7.4 Green Chemistry Expert System Case Studies Questions for Discussion References Problems 8 EVALUATING ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE DURING PROCESS SYNTHESIS 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Tier 1 Environmental Performance Tools 8.3 Tier 2 Environmental Performance Tools 8.4 Tier 3 Environmental Performance Tools References Problems 9 UNIT OPERATIONS AND POLLUTION PREVENTION 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Pollution Prevention in Material Selection for Unit Operations 9.3 Pollution Prevention for Chemical Reactors 9.4 Pollution Prevention for Separation Devices 9.5 Pollution Prevention Applications for Separative Reactors 9.6 Pollution Prevention in Storage Tanks and Fugitive Sources 9.7 Pollution Prevention Assessment Integrated with HAZ-OP Analysis 9.8 Integrating Risk Assessment with Process Design—A Case Study Questions for Discussion References Problems 10 FLOWSHEET ANALYSIS FOR POLLUTION PREVENTION 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Process Energy Integration 10.3 Process Mass Integration 10.4 Case Study of a Process Flowsheet Summary References Problems 11 EVALUATING THE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF A FLOWSHEET 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Estimation of Environmental Fates of Emissions and Wastes 11.3 Tier 3 Metrics for Environmental Risk Evaluation of Process Designs Summary References Problems 12 ENVIRONMENTAL COST ACCOUNTING 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Definitions 12.3 Magnitudes of Environmental Costs 12.4 A Framework for Evaluating Environmental Costs 12.5 Hidden Environmental Costs 12.6 Liability Costs 12.7 Internal Intangible Costs 12.8 External Intangible Costs References Problems PART III: MOVING BEYOND THE PLANT BOUNDARY 13 LIFE-CYCLE CONCEPTS, PRODUCT STEWARDSHIP, AND GREEN ENGINEERING 13.1 Introduction to Product Life Cycle Concepts 13.2 Life-Cycle Assessment 13.3 Life-Cycle Impact Assessments 13.4 Streamlined Life-Cycle Assessments 13.5 Uses of Life-Cycle Studies Summary Questions for Discussion References Problems 14 INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Material Flows in Chemical Manufacturing 14.3 Eco-Industrial Parks 14.4 Assessing Opportunities for Waste Exchanges and Byproduct Synergies Summary References Problems APPENDICES A: DETAILS OF THE NINE PROMINENT FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL STATUTES B: MOLECULAR CONNECTIVITY C: ESTIMATING EMISSIONS FROM STORAGE TANKS D: TABLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT POTENTIALS—TABLES D-1 TO D-4 E: PROCEDURES FOR ESTIMATING HIDDEN (TIER II) COSTS—TABLES E-1 TO E-5 F: ADDITIONAL RESOURCES—WEB RESOURCES/ONLINE DATABASES/SOFTWARE INDEX A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W