دانلود کتاب Guide to Economic Indicators: Making Sense of Economics

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Guide to Economic Indicators: Making Sense of Economics
Contents
List of tables
List of charts
1: Interpreting economic indicators
2: Essential mechanics
3: Measuring economic activity
Omissions
Output, expenditure and income
Prices
Putting it in context
Reliability
4: Growth: trends and cycles
Nominal GDP
GDP per head
Real GDP
GDP: output
GDP: expenditure
Productivity
Cyclical or leading indicators
5: Population, employment and unemployment
Population
Labour or workforce
Employment
Unemployment and vacancies
6: Fiscal indicators
Public expenditure. Government revenuesBudget balance, deficit, surplus
National debt
government or public debt
7: Consumers
Personal income, disposable income
Consumer and personal expenditure, private consumption
Personal and household savings
savings ratio
Consumer confidence
8: Investment and savings
Fixed investment and GDFCF
Investment intentions
Stocks (inventories)
National savings, savings ratio
9: Industry and commerce
Business conditions
indices and surveys
Industrial and manufacturing production
Capacity use and utilisation
Manufacturing orders
Motor vehicles. Construction orders and outputHousing starts, completions and sales
Wholesale sales or turnover, orders and stocks
Retail sales or turnover, orders and stocks
10: The balance of payments
Accounting conventions
Exports of goods and services
Imports of goods and services
Trade balance, merchandise trade balance
Current-account balance
Capital-and financial-account flows
International investment position (IIP)
Official reserves
External debt, net foreign assets
11: Exchange rates
Nominal exchange rates
Special drawing rights (SDRs)
EMU, ecu, ERM and euro
Effective exchange rates. Real exchange rates competitiveness
Terms of trade
12: Money and financial markets
Money supply, money stock, M0 ... M5, liquidity
Bank lending, advances, credit, consumer credit
Central bank policy rates
Interest rates
short-term and money-market rates
Bond yields
Yield curves, gaps and ratios
Real interest rates and yields
Share prices
13: Prices and wages
Price indicators
Gold price
Oil prices
Commodity price indices
Export and import prices
unit values
Producer and wholesale prices
Surveys of price expectations
Wages, earnings and labour costs
Unit labour costs. Consumer or retail pricesHouse prices
Consumer or private expenditure deflators
GDP deflators
Appendix: Useful websites
Index.