دانلود کتاب Handbook of Algal Science, Technology and Medicine

فهرست مطالب :

Cover Handbook of Algal Science, Technology and Medicine Copyright Contributors Editor biography Preface References Acknowledgments Part I: Introduction to the algal science, technology, and medicine 1 The scientometric analysis of the research on the algal science, technology, and medicine Introduction Materials and methodology Results Documents and indexes Keywords Authors Countries Institutions Research funding bodies Publication years Source titles Subject categories Research fronts Discussion Conclusion Appendix. The keyword sets Acknowledgments References 2 100 Citation classics in the algal science, technology, and medicine: A scientometric analysis Introduction Materials and methodology Results Documents and indexes Keywords Authors Countries Institutions Research funding bodies Publication years Source titles Subject categories Research fronts Citation classics Scientometric overview of the citation classics Brief overview of the content of the citation classics Algal bioenergy and biofuels Algal biomedicine Algal photosynthesis Algal ecology Algal toxicology Algal food Algal genomics Discussion Conclusion Appendix. The keyword sets Acknowledgments References Part II: Algal structures 3 The scientometric analysis of the research on the algal structures Introduction Materials and methodology Results Documents and indexes Keywords Authors Countries Institutions Research funding bodies Publication years Source titles Subject categories Research fronts Citation classics Scientometric overview of the citation classics Brief overview of the content of the citation classics Composition Flagellar structures Phylogeny Evolution Silica structures in diatoms Other fronts Discussion Conclusion Appendix. The keyword sets Acknowledgments References 4 Anatomy of Euglena gracilis General overview Pellicle and metaboly Flagellar apparatus Mitochondrion Chloroplasts Nucleus Locomotion Photoreceptor system Photoreception Practical importance References 5 Biology and ecology of Northwest Atlantic seaweeds Introduction General seaweed biology What are algae? Types of seaweeds and their habitats Anatomy and morphology Life history patterns Seasonality and phenotypic patterns Seaweed communities and zonation patterns Rocky open coastal systems Spray zone Intertidal zone Subtidal zone Estuaries and salt marshes Drift and unattached macroalgae Biogeographic patterns Introduced species Global warming and sea level rise Pollution and algal blooms Acknowledgments References Further reading 6 Autecology of Northwest Atlantic fucoid algae Introduction General reproductive and growth patterns Reproductive biomass patterns Limicolous populations Unique brackish water populations Effects of water motion Ice damage Functional roles of fucoids in estuarine habitats Acknowledgments References Part III: Algal genomics 7 The scientometric analysis of the research on the algal genomics Introduction Materials and methodology Results Documents and indexes Keywords Authors Countries Institutions Research funding bodies Publication years Source titles Subject categories Research fronts Citation classics Scientometric overview of the citation classics Brief overview of the content of the citation classics Phylogeny of algae Microalgae Diatoms Cyanobacteria Dinoflagellates Genomic methodology of algae Cyanobacteria Microalgae Ecology of algae Cyanobacteria Microalgae Other research fronts Algal structures Algal biofuels Algal photosynthesis Discussion Conclusion Appendix. The keyword sets used for the search of the literature on the algal genomics Genomics related keywords Algae-related keywords Algae general Dinoflagellates and coccolithophores Microalgae Macroalgae Diatoms Cyanobacteria Algae-related journals Acknowledgments References 8 Metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria for production of platform chemicals: A synthetic biology approach Introduction Cyanobacteria: A chassis for platform chemicals Strategies for enhancing the titers of platform chemicals in cyanobacterial strains Engineering model cyanobacterial strains for platform chemicals Pyruvate derived products Lactate 2,3-Butanediol Isobutylaldehyde, isobutanol, 1-butanol and 2-methyl-1-butanol Isoprene and squalene Acetyl-CoA derived products Acetone and isopropanol Tricarboxylic acid cycle derived products Succinate Ethylene DHAP derived products 1,2-Propanediol and 1,3-propanediol Synthetic biology tools for enhancing the yields in model cyanobacterial strains Promoters Transcriptional terminators Ribosomal binding sites Future outlook and challenges Acknowledgments References 9 Genomics perspectives on cyanobacteria research Cyanobacteria, their toxins and natural products PCR based methods Non-PCR based methods Next-generation sequencing Phylogeny and biogeography Biodiscovery of new compounds Water quality management References 10 Using new techniques to study old favorites: A case study of Euglena Introduction to Euglena Historical research Sequencing Euglena Transcriptome sequencing Genome sequencing Plastid genome Mitochondrial genome Nuclear genome Euglena proteomics Metabolites in Euglena Central metabolites Specialized metabolites Euglena glycomics Paramylon Protein glycosylation Surface glycans Biotechnology exploiting Euglena Conclusions References 11 Exploring ‘omics’ approaches: Towards understanding the essence of stress phenomena in diatoms and haptophytes Introduction Revolution of ‘omics’ approaches in diatoms and haptophytes Genomics Transcriptomics Proteomics Metabolomics and lipidomics Role of ‘omics’ approaches in understanding stress response in diatoms Role of ‘omics’ approaches in understanding stress response in haptophytes Potential application of ‘omics’ tools in reconstruction of biosynthetic pathways for the production of commercia ... Conclusions and future prospects Acknowledgments References Part IV: Algal photosystems and photosynthesis 12 The scientometric analysis of the research on the algal photosystems and photosynthesis Introduction Materials and methodology Results Documents and indexes Keywords Authors Countries Institutions Research funding bodies Publication years Source titles Subject categories Research fronts Citation classics Scientometric overview of the citation classics Brief overview of the content of the citation classics Photosystems Algae/phytoplankton Cyanobacteria Photosynthesis Algae/phytoplankton Microalgae Cyanobacteria Carbon concentration mechanisms Algae/phytoplankton Cyanobacteria Discussion Conclusion Appendix: The keyword sets Photosystems and photosynthesis related keywords Algae related keywords Algal general Dinoflagellates & coccolithophores Microalgae Macroalgae Diatoms Cyanobacteria Journals Cross-subject keywords References Further reading 13 Photosynthesis in diatoms Introduction Diatom lipids Lipid composition of thylakoid membranes Fatty acid composition of thylakoid membrane lipids Changes of lipid and fatty acid composition by abiotic stress or nutrient deprivation Function of thylakoid membrane lipids Diatom light-harvesting complexes FCP proteins Native structure of FCPs Function of FCPs Regulation of photosynthetic electron transport Nonphotochemical quenching Alternative electron transport Dark reactions in photosynthesis References 14 The pioneering research on the cyanobacterial photosystems and photosynthesis Introduction Materials and methodology Results The research landscape The pioneering research on the cyanobacterial photosystems The pioneering research on the cyanobacterial photosynthesis Discussion The research landscape The pioneering research on the cyanobacterial photosystems The pioneering research on the cyanobacterial photosynthesis Conclusion Appendix. The keyword sets Photosynthesis related keywords Cyanobacteria-related keywords Cross-subject keywords Acknowledgment References 15 Carbon and nitrogen metabolism in cyanobacteria: Basic traits, regulation and biotechnological application Introduction Carbon (C) metabolism Nitrogen (N) metabolism Regulation and coordination between C and N metabolic pathways Concluding remarks Acknowledgments Competing interests References Part V: Algal ecology 16 The scientometric analysis of the research on the algal ecology Introduction Materials and methodology Results Documents and indexes Keywords Authors Countries Institutions Research funding bodies Publication years Source titles Subject categories Research fronts Citation classics Scientometric overview of the citation classics Brief overview of the content of the citation classics Phytoplankton growth Harmful algal blooms Primary production Climate Other research fronts Discussion Conclusion Appendix: The keyword sets Keywords related to ecology Keywords related to the algae Excluding keywords References 17 Macroalgae as a tool for coastal management in the Mediterranean Sea Introduction What are macroalgae? Why can macroalgae constitute a valuable tool for coastal management? Take care: Misidentifications can spoil a powerful tool Biological indicators Delineation of biogeographic provinces Indicators of global warming, based on changes in their distribution area Multispecies indices of water quality Ecosystem-based quality indices (EBQIs) Management of outstanding species Discussion and conclusion Acknowledgments References 18 Linking phytoplankton community structure to aquatic ecosystem functioning: A mini-review of the current status and future ... Phytoplankton use in biomonitoring activities Why use phytoplankton community structure as an index of ecosystem functioning? Stressor-response relationships within aquatic ecosystems Traits in river phytoplankton biomonitoring Estuarine phytoplankton community shifts: What’s in a life form? Framework around phytoplankton biomonitoring Current status and future direction References 19 Microalgae culture technology for carbon dioxide biomitigation Introduction Mechanism of CO 2 assimilation via microalgae photosynthesis Algal cultivation conditions Photoautotrophic cultivation Heterotrophic cultivation Mixotrophic cultivation Photoheterotrophic cultivation Algal cultivation systems Factors effecting microalgae cultivation process Light intensity Light wavelength, λ max Macro and micro-nutrients pH of the algal culture Temperature of the algal culture Carbon dioxide fixation strategies Conclusions References Part V: Algal ecology 20 The scientometric analysis of the research on the algal bioenergy and biofuels Introduction Materials and methodology Results Documents and indexes Keywords Authors Countries Institutions Research funding bodies Publication years Source titles Subject categories Research fronts Citation classics Scientometric overview of the citation classics Brief overview of the content of the citation classics Biodiesel and lipid production Biofuel production Other research fronts Discussion Conclusion Appendix. The keyword sets Energy and fuels keywords Core energy journals Energy and fuels keywords Algae keywords Algal general Dinoflagellates and coccolithophores Microalgae Macroalgae Diatoms Cyanobacteria Journals Excluding keywords Acknowledgment References Further reading 21 Overview of microalgal cultivation, biomass processing and application Introduction Environmental and nutritional requirements for microalgal growth Light Temperature Nutrients Microalgal cultivation systems for biomass production Open cultivation systems Closed cultivation systems Microalgae growing techniques Microalgal downstream processing chain Harvesting Drying Cell disruption and compounds extraction Microalgal applications Biofuels Wastewater treatment Food and feed Other applications Conclusions References 22 Application of microalgae for the production of biodiesel fuel Advantages of the use of microalgae biomass for biofuel production Triglyceride transesterification process Use of homogeneous catalysis in biodiesel synthesis from microalgal oil Application of acid catalysis for microalgal oil transesterification Application of alkaline catalysis for microalgal oil transesterification Biodiesel fuel synthesis applying heterogeneous catalysis Heterogeneous catalysis with enzymes as catalysts Properties of biodiesel obtained from microalgal oil Conclusions References 23 Microalgal hydrogen production in the framework of bioeconomy Biological hydrogen production as renewable energy Hydrogen production with microalgae: Physiology and metabolism Biotechnology of microalgae for hydrogen production: Improvement of H 2 production efficiency Microalgal utilization of wastewaters as substrate for growth and hydrogen production with microalgae Role of biohydrogen production with microalgae in bioeconomy Utilization of solar energy Recovery of waste material and conversion into biofuel Production of high added value bio-products Future perspectives References 24 Bioelectricity generation in algal microbial fuel cells Introduction Role of algae in microbial fuel cells Algae as a biocatholyte Algae as substrate Algal biofilm assisted microbial fuel cells Electron transport and transfer mechanisms in algae Performance evaluation of algal microbial fuel cells Algal MFCs and bioelectricity generation Algal MFCs and wastewater treatment Beneficial algal byproducts in MFCs Conclusions References 25 The pioneering research on the bioethanol production from green macroalgae Introduction Materials and methodology Results The research landscape Pioneering research on the pretreatments of green macroalgae for bioethanol production Pioneering research on the acid hydrolysis of green macroalgae for bioethanol production Pioneering research on the enzymatic hydrolysis of green macroalgae for bioethanol production Pioneering research on the fermentation of green macroalgae for bioethanol production Discussion The research landscape Pioneering research on the pretreatments of green macroalgae for bioethanol production Pioneering research on the acid hydrolysis of green macroalgae for bioethanol production Pioneering research on the enzymatic hydrolysis of green macroalgae for bioethanol production Pioneering research on the fermentation of green macroalgae for bioethanol production Conclusion Appendix. The keyword sets Ethanol-related keywords Green macrolgae-related keywords References Further reading Part VII: Algal biomedicine 26 The scientometric analysis of the research on the algal biomedicine Introduction Materials and methodology Results Documents and indexes Keywords Authors Countries Institutions Research funding bodies Publication years Source titles Subject categories Research fronts Citation classics Scientometric overview of the citation classics Brief overview of the content of the citation classics Alginates Agaroses Channelrhodopsins Other research fronts Discussion Conclusion Appendix. The keyword sets Biomedicine related keywords Keywords related to the subject categories Keywords related to the journal titles Keywords related to the paper titles Keywords related to the algae Algae in general Dinoflagellates and coccolithophores Microalgae Macroalgae Diatoms Cyanobacteria Journals Cross-subject keywords References 27 Microalgal biotechnology applied in biomedicine Introduction Microalgae Bioactive compounds and their properties Proteins Lipids Carbohydrates Phenolic compounds Vitamins Bioengineering of microalgae for the synthesis of bioactive compounds Microalgal biomass applied in biomedicine Future perspectives Conclusion References 28 Applications of cyanobacteria in biomedicine Introduction (scope of the review) Improving access to natural products as biomedical compounds New approaches to the value of biomedical natural products Activity profiling of extracts of cyanobacteria Natural products as novel pharmaceutical drugs and biomedical tools Role of systems biology in cyanobacterial drug discovery and biomedical compounds Model for systems biology based cyanobacterial drug discovery Identification of drug targets Virtual screening Cyanobacteria involvement in production of biomedical metabolites Conclusions References Further reading 29 Health benefits of bioactive seaweed substances Introduction Applications of bioactive seaweed substances in health products Health benefits of bioactive seaweed substances Anti-tumor effects Immunoregulation properties Anti-oxidant properties Reduction of blood pressure Reduction of blood sugar Reduction of blood fat Anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties Anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic properties Anti-bacteria and anti-virus properties Anti-HIV properties Anti-fatigue properties Anti-aging properties Absorption of heavy metal ions Suppression of esophageal and esophageal reflux Bulking of fecal contents and relief of constipation Slimming properties Anti-diabetic properties Deodorant properties Anti-acne properties Anti-depression properties Protection against radiation Inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase Skin whitening effect Summary Acknowledgments References 30 The pioneering research on the wound care by alginates Introduction Materials and methodology Results The research landscape The pioneering research on the wound care by alginates only The pioneering research on the wound care by alginates and chitosan The pioneering research on the wound care by alginates and other biomaterials Discussion The research landscape The pioneering research on the wound care by alginates only The pioneering research on the wound care by alginates and chitosan The pioneering research on the wound care by alginates and other biomaterials Conclusion Appendix. The keyword sets Alginate-related keywords Wound-related keywords References Part VIII: Algal foods 31 The scientometric analysis of the research on the algal foods Introduction Materials and methodology Results Documents and indexes Keywords Authors Countries Institutions Research funding bodies Publication years Source titles Subject categories Research fronts Citation classics Scientometric overview of the citation classics Brief overview of the content of the citation classics Sulfated polysaccharides Fucoidans Algal foods Other research fronts Discussion Conclusion Appendix. The keyword sets Algae and foods separate keywords Foods Keywords related to the algae Algal general Dinoflagellates and coccolithophores Microalgae Macroalgae Diatoms Cyanobacteria Journals Algal foods- cross-subject keywords Acknowledgments References 32 Microalgae: A new and promising source of food Introduction Microalgae composition Microalgae as source of food Nutritional properties Nutraceutical properties Techno-functional properties Microalgae as feed Final considerations References Part IX: Algal toxicology 33 The scientometric analysis of the research on the algal toxicology Introduction Materials and methodology Results Documents and indexes Keywords Authors Countries Institutions Research funding bodies Publication years Source titles Subject categories Research fronts Citation classics Scientometric overview of the citation classics Brief overview of the content of the citation classics Algal toxins Dinoflagellates-okadaic acid Cyanobacteria-microcystins Cyanobacterial toxins in general Harmful algal blooms Discussion Conclusion Appendix. The keyword sets Algal toxicology direct keywords Combined keyword sets Toxicology Algae Algal general Phytoplankton, dinoflagellates, coccolithophores Microalgae Macroalgae Diatoms Cyanobacteria Journals References Further reading 34 Toxic effects of harmful algal blooms on finfish and shellfish Introduction Impact of HAB species on finfish and shellfish industries Fish-killing species and its mechanism of detrimental effects Chattonella Karenia Cochlodinium Heterosigma Other species Effects of fish species and physiological conditions on survival rate Mass mortality and detrimental effects on molluscan shellfish Karenia mikimotoi Aureococcus anophagefferen Cochlodinium polykrikoides Heterocapsa circularisquama Other potentially toxic species to shellfish Adverse effects on gastropod species Conclusions Acknowledgements References 35 Cyanobacterial toxins and their effects on human and animal health Introduction Types of toxins produced by cyanobacteria Hepatotoxins Cytotoxins Neurotoxins Anatoxin-a Anatoxin-a(S) Saxitoxins BMAA Dermatotoxins LPS Routes of exposure and poisoning incidents Animals Humans Water Recreational exposure Drinking water Aerosol Medical procedures Food Air Bioassays for cyanobacterial toxins Small animal Enzyme and molecular systems Detoxication, metabolism and deposition Conclusion References Further reading 36 Different intoxication mechanism between paralytic shellfish toxin (PST)- and/or tetrodotoxin-contaminated xanthid crabs an ... Introduction Food poisoning cases with xanthid crabs Toxicity of xanthid crabs Z. aeneus A. floridus P. granulosa Anatomical distribution of toxicity Origin of crab toxin Resistibility of toxic crabs to PST and TTX Live crabs Crab neurofibers PST contamination of edible shore crabs T. acutidens and C. japonica Some other toxic crabs D. perlata Horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda ‘Palytoxin’ (PTX)-bearing crabs Discussion Acknowledgments Declaration of interest References 37 Microcystins as environmental and human health hazards Introduction What are microcystins? Structure, synthesis, and possible functions Mode of action and toxicity Environmental fate and risk posed Human exposure risk Detoxification Countermeasures: The Green Liver System Concluding remarks References Part X: Algal bioremediation 38 The scientometric analysis of the research on the algal bioremediation Introduction Materials and methodology Results Documents and indexes Keywords Authors Countries Institutions Research funding bodies Publication years Source titles Subject categories Research fronts Citation classics Scientometric overview of the citation classics Brief overview of the content of the citation classics Heavy metal bioremediation by algae Macroalgae Microalgae Algae Wastewater bioremediation by algae CO 2 bioremediation by algae Discussion Conclusion Appendix: The keyword sets Keywords related to bioremediation Keywords related to the algae Algal general Dinoflagellates and coccolithophores Microalgae Macroalgae Diatoms Cyanobacteria Journals Acknowledgment References 39 Spirulina platensis as a model object for the environment bioremediation studies The necessity and importance of bioremediation studies Advisability of the use of Spirulina as a model object in bioremediation studies Sorption and accumulation of metals by Spirulina in mono and multicomponent systems Biosorption Biosorption isotherm models Kinetic models Bioaccumulation Detoxification of persistent organic pollutants by Spirulina Conclusions References 40 Exploring the potential of microalgae for the bioremediation of agro-industrial wastewaters Introduction Microalgae-based treatment of agroindustrial wastewaters Wastewater in the agroindustrial sector Fundamentals of pollutant removal in algal-bacterial systems Optimal design of photobioreactors for wastewater treatment Microbiology of microalgae-based wastewater treatment Harvesting of algal-bacterial biomass Optimization of harvesting strategy Coagulation-flocculation Bio-flocculation Valorization of the residual algal-bacterial biomass Biofertilizers Aquafeed Biogas Sustainability of the process Cultivation Harvesting Transformation CO 2 fixed as algal biomass Comparison of recent research Future trends Acknowledgments References Further reading 41 Microalgal bioremediation of heavy metals and dyes Introduction Textile operations Sizing and desizing Bleaching Mercerization Dyeing and printing Finishing Regulations for wastewater discharge and harmful effects of dyes and heavy metal ions Impact of azo dyes Dyes Treatment processes applied for textile wastewater and heavy metal ions Physical processes Adsorption Ion exchange Membrane filtration technologies Chemical treatment methods Chemical precipitation Oxidation methods Physicochemical treatment (coagulation-flocculation) Biological treatment methods Dyes treatment employing biological approaches Heavy metal ions treatment employing biological approaches Employing algae for textile wastewater treatment and heavy metals removal Algae and dyes Algae and heavy metals Metabolism-dependent biosorption Metabolism-independent biosorption Detoxification mechanism of heavy metals by microalgae Conclusion References 42 Biosorption of chemical species by Sargassum algal biomass: Equilibrium data, part I Introduction Data analysis using the Langmuir equation Free Gibbs energy of biosorption The pH effect The temperature effect Analysis of the chemical composition of native Sargassum worldwide Conclusions Acknowledgments References Index A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U V W X Y Z Back Cover