دانلود کتاب Handbook of Life Course Occupational Health

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Series Preface
Volume Preface
Contents
About the Series Editors
About the Volume Editors
Contributors
1 Introduction
Introduction
Concepts of the Life Course
Emerging Themes
Occupational Health in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Lack of Data from the Developing World
Lack of Relevant Data
Conclusion
Cross-References
References
Part I: Background
2 Two Pathways Between Occupation and Health
Introduction
First Pathway: Technical Fragmentation
Second Pathway: Social Class
Covid-19 Pandemic
Practical Exercise
Cross-References
Appendix
Immediate Producers of the Cotton T-Shirt
Inputs to the Immediate Producers
References
3 Transformation of Modern Work, Rise of Atypical Employment, and Health
Introduction
From Standard to Nonstandard Employment Relationships
Part-Time Work
Temporary Agency Work and Fixed-Term Contracts
Self-Employment and the ``Gig´´ Economy
Atypical Work and Health
Conclusions
References
4 The Impact of New Technologies on the Quality of Work
Introduction
Digitalization and Advanced Digital Technologies
The Impact of New Technologies on Job Quality
Intrinsic Quality of Work
Employment Quality
Discussion: A Contextual, Life Course Perspective on Work and Technology
Cross-References
References
Part II: Methodological Challenges
5 Sequence Analysis and Its Potential for Occupational Health Studies
Introduction
Work-Related Stress Trajectories Following Corporate Restructuring
Holistic Methods for Life Course Research
Sequence Analysis
Coding Trajectories
Describing Trajectories
Creating Typology of Trajectories
Comparing Sequences
Cluster Analysis
Linking Trajectories to Covariates
Software
Sequence Analysis Potential for the Study of Occupational Health Across the Life Course
Cross-References
References
6 Job-Exposure Matrices: Design, Validation, and Limitations
Introduction
Definition
Literature Review
Design of Job-Exposure Matrices
Will the Job-Exposure Matrix Be Based on Measured Exposure Data, Worker Self-Reports, or Expert Ratings of Exposures?
What Type of Job Classifications Should Be Used?
What Exposure Components Should Be Considered: Level (Intensity), Duration, Frequency, or Probability?
Should Time and/or Location Be Considered (Date/Year, Region)?
Other Variables
Development
Development of a JEM Based on Expert Assessments
Development of JEMs Based on Existing Exposure Data
Mixed Approaches
Validation
Some Examples of JEM
SYNJEM
O*NET
Matgéné
DOC*X
JEM Constances
Mat-O-Covid
Limitations
Why Use JEMs in Public Health Research and Practice?
Conclusion
References
7 Challenges of Large Cohort and Massive Data in Occupational Health
Introduction
Studies of Large-Scale Registry Data
Data to Define or Describe the Population
Occupational Exposure Data
Outcome Data
Data on Potential Confounders and Other Covariates
Business or Enterprise Data
Access to Registry Data
Strengths and Limitations of Registry-Based Studies
Consortia of Cohort Studies
The Individual-Participant Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations (IPD-Work) Consortium
The International Nuclear Workers Study (INWORKS)
The Pooled Uranium Miner Analysis (PUMA) Cohorts
The International Consortium of Agricultural Cohort Studies (AGRICOH)
Multicenter Worker Cohorts
Birth Cohort Studies in Occupational Health Research
Recent Initiatives in Integrating European Occupational Cohorts
Inventory of Occupational Cohort Studies
Inventory of Occupational Exposure Assessment Tools
Theoretical Frameworks, Consensus Definitions, and Recommendations for Future Research
Exposome Research in Occupation and Health
The Exposome
The Occupational Exposome
Conclusion
Cross-References
References
8 Integration of Occupational Exposure into the Exposome
Introduction
The Exposome: An Evolving Concept
The Origins of the Exposome
The Development of ``Xeno-Metabolomics´´ to Decipher Chemical Exposome
The Emergence of the Eco-Exposome to Consider Both Ecological and Human Receptors
Application to Occupational Health: The ``Worksome´´
``Operationalizing´´ the Exposome Concept
Occupational Cohorts
Matching Exposure Biomarkers with Biological Matrices and Analytical Methodologies
Online Questionnaire via Smartphones
Personal Sensing Technologies
Geographic Information Technologies
Exposure Modeling
Omics and Bioinformatics Tools
Occupational Databases
Multidisciplinary Consortia
The Main Remaining Challenges
Conceptual and Societal Challenges
Technical Challenges
Causality Challenges
Conclusion
Cross-References
References
9 Methods in Modeling Life Course
Introduction
Sequence Analysis
Analysis of Growth Trajectories
Tracing the Average Z-scores
The Life Course Plot and Path Analysis
Conditional Models for Independent Variables
Regression Models with Change Scores
Multilevel Models
Latent Growth Curve Models
Growth Mixture Models
Hierarchy of Life Course Hypotheses: A Bayesian Approach
Causal Inference in Life Course Epidemiology
Discussion
References
Part III: Early Life Impact on Work and Health
10 Genetics, Epigenetics, and Mental Health at Work
Introduction
Relevance of Biological Research in Work-Related Stress and Burnout
Neurobiology of Stress
Genetics
Epigenetics
DNA Methylation
Histone Modifications
MicroRNAs
Relevance of (Epi)genetics for Work-Related Stress and Burnout
Overview of the (Epi)genetic Mechanisms Linked to Work-Related Stress and Burnout
(Epi)genetic Regulation of the HPA Axis
(Epi)genetic Regulation of BDNF
Other (Epi)genetic Mechanisms
Implications for Clinical Practice and Future Perspectives
References
11 A Life Course Perspective on Work and Mental Health: The Working Lives of Young Adults
Introduction
Emerging Adulthood: Five Challenging Transitions
Young Adults Entering the Labor Market in a Challenging and Changing World of Work
Labor Markets and Life Course Challenges: The Link with Mental Health
Integrating a Life Course Perspective to Work and Mental Health Research
Life Course Principles
Life Course Concepts
Benefits for Policy and Practice to Integrating a Life Course Perspective When Looking at Work and Mental Health Among Young A...
Applying a Life Course Perspective to Young Adults´ Working Lives: Early Life Mental Health and Adverse Experiences
Does the Timing and Duration of Mental Health Problems in Childhood and Adolescence Affect the Working Life of Young Adults?
Do Trajectories of Mental Health Problems in Childhood and Adolescence Affect Young Adults´ Educational Attainment, Labor Mark...
How Do Labor Market Trajectories of Today´s Young Adults Look Like and How Are They Affected by Early Life Circumstances?
Looking Forward: Today´s Youth Is Tomorrow´s Workforce
References
Part IV: Occupational Trajectories and Midlife Health: Exposure to Chronic Hazards at Work
12 Chemical Hazards at Work and Occupational Diseases Using Job-Exposure Matrices
Introduction
Main Strategies of Occupational Exposure Assessment to Chemicals
Brief Overview of JEM Development for Chemical Hazards
Type of Chemicals Considered in the Generic JEMs
Example of a Company-Specific JEM for Radioactive Chemicals
JEMs and Emerging Risks
JEMs and New Exposure Settings
Future Perspectives in Chemical Exposure Assessment and Conclusive Remarks
Cross-References
References
13 Biomechanical Hazards at Work and Adverse Health Using Job-Exposure Matrices
Introduction
Musculoskeletal Disorders
Measuring Biomechanical Exposures
Job-Exposure Matrices (JEMs)
Specific MSDs Related to Workplace Exposures
Main Disorders
Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy
Lateral and Medial Epicondylitis
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Nonspecific Back Pain
Example of Osteoarthritis of the Knee
From Biomechanical to Other Determinants
Conclusion
References
14 Long Working Hours and Health Effects
Introduction
Adverse Health Effects
Evidence from the Literature
Focus on Cardiovascular Diseases
LWH: From Epidemiology to Public Health
LWH As an Indicator for Monitoring Workers´ Health
LWH As a Target for Prevention Measures
Conclusion
References
15 Health Effects of Shift Work and Night Shift Work
Introduction
Definitions of Shift Work and Night Work
Shift Work
Night Work
Prevalence of Night Work Worldwide
Physiopathology
Circadian Clock and Circadian Desynchronization
Melatonin
Sleep Disorders and Lifestyle Changes in Shift Workers
Assessment of Circadian Disruption in Different Shift Systems
Health Outcomes
Sleep and Vigilance Disorders
Effects on Sleep
Effects on Sleepiness
Risk of Occupational and Traffic Accidents
Metabolic and Cardiovascular Consequences of Shift Work
Mechanisms Linking Night Shift Work to Metabolic and Cardiovascular Risk
Epidemiologic Evidence of an Association Between Shift Work and Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases
Metabolic Syndrome
Type 2 Diabetes
Obesity
Cardiovascular Diseases
Cancer
Mechanisms Linking Night Shift Work to Cancer Risk
Evaluation from the 2019 IARC Monograph on ``Night Shift Work´´
Recent Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
Cognitive Disorders and Drowsiness
Depression and Anxiety
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Prevention Strategies and Recommendations
Adapting the Night Shift Work Schedule Systems
Information-Education and Occupational Medicine
Strategic Light/Dark Exposure
Opportunistic Napping
Physical Activity
Meal Timing
Conclusion
References
16 Psychosocial Work Environment and Health: Applying Job-Exposure Matrices and Work Organization and Management Practice
Introduction
Psychosocial Exposure and JEM
Psychosocial Work Environment and Health
Subjectivity of Measure as a Major Source of Bias in the Assessment of Psychosocial Exposures
Psychosocial Job-Exposure Matrix: Advantages and Disadvantages over Individual Measurements from Questionnaires
Use of Psychosocial Job-Exposure Matrices as Exposure Assessment Tool in Epidemiological Studies
Work Organization and Management Practice
A World of Work in Constant Transformation
Occupational Exposures and Economic, Social, Organizational, and Managerial Determinants: An Integrative Approach
Organizational and Integrative Model of Occupational Exposures
The Organizational Bundle of Determinants of Occupational Exposure as a Lever for Action of Prevention
Cross-References
References
17 Occupational Differences in Work-Related Mental Health: A Life Course Analysis of Recent Trends in the European Context
Introduction
Work-related Psychosocial Risk Factors Over the Life Course
Macrosocial and Economic Trends in the European and UK Contexts That Could Affect Work-Related Mental Health
Work Automation
Globalization
Demographic Change
Age Differences in Work-Related Mental Health
Period Differences in Work-Related Mental Health
Cohort Differences in Work-Related Mental Health
Recent Trends in Risk Factors for Work-Related Poor Mental Health
Longitudinal Follow-Up of Work-Related Poor Mental Health Among Workers in Different Occupations
Conclusion
Cross-References
References
Part V: Occupational Trajectories and Midlife Health: Exposure to Irregular and Discontinued Hazards at Work
18 Adverse Employment Histories: Conceptual Considerations and Selected Health Effects
Introduction
Leading Concepts of Psychosocial Work Environments with Relevance to Health
Dimensions of Nonstandard Employment with Relevance to Health
Selected Health Effects
Concluding Remarks
Cross-References
References
19 Precarious Work and Health
Introduction
What Is Precarious Work?
Prevalence of Precarious Work
Precarious Work Across the Life Course
Precarious Work and Models of Work-Related Stress
Precarious Work and Mental Health
Temporary Work and Mental Health
Self-Employment and Mental Health
Precarious Work and Sleep
Conclusion
Cross-References
References
20 Gig Work and Health
Background: The Rise of the Gig Economy
Occupational Risks of Couriers in the Gig Economy
A Life Course Perspective
Stressors and Responses: Chinese Couriers in a Digital Era
Stressors, Responses, and Coping Mechanisms
Agility and Vulnerability: The UK Logistics Sector During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Conclusion
Cross-References
References
21 Gender Differences in Work Participation over the Life Course and Consequences for Socioeconomic and Health Outcomes
Introduction
Gender Differences in Labor Market Participation Across Working Life
Entry to Parenthood As a Gendered Life Course Transition
Longer-Term Gender Differences in Labor Market Participation and Uptake of Adult Care
Gender and Unpaid Care Work During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Socioeconomic Inequalities
Country-Level Differences and Policy Drivers of Gender Differences in Labor Market Participation
Consequences of Gender Differences in Work Participation: Socioeconomic Outcomes
Occupation Downgrading and Positional Power
The Gender Pay and Pension Gaps
Consequences of Gender Differences in Work Participation: Health and Well-Being Outcomes
Self-Reported Health and Quality of Life
Mental Health and Well-Being
Obesity
Metabolic and Inflammatory Markers
Cognition
Mortality
Job Quality
Adult Care
Single Mothers
Conclusion
References
Part VI: Occupational Trajectories in the Context of Disability and Ageing
25 Pathways to Retirement and Health Effects
Introduction
National Policies and Pathways to Retirement
Policies: Availability and Generosity of Pension Benefits and Their Effect on Employment Rates
Early Retirement Between 1970 and 2000
From Early to Late Retirement 2000-Ongoing
Employment Rates and Generosity of Pensions Since the Reforms
Linking Retirement Age to Life Expectancy
Process of Retirement
Employment Careers Relate to Retirement
Transition from Employment to Retirement
Predictors of Early Work Exit and Retirement
Inequalities in Employment Rates Among Older Workers
Working Conditions
Poor Health
Informal Caregiving
The Health Effect of Retirement
Theoretical Perspectives on the Health Effect of Retirement
Empirical Studies on the Health Effect of Retirement
Retirement and Mental Health
Retirement and Cognition
Retirement and Physical Health
Retirement and Other Health and Well-Being Outcomes
Discussion on the Health Effect of Retirement
Conclusion
References
22 Changing Experiences, Needs, and Supports Across the Life Course for Workers Living with Disabilities
Introduction
Defining Disability
Disability and Employment
The School to Employment Transition and Early Career Experiences
Work Environments and Disability
Communication and Disclosure of a Disability and Support Needs
Sharing Disability Information During the Hiring Process
Outcomes of Disclosing Disability Information
Support and Accommodations to Sustain Employment
Changing Work Environments and the Future of Work and Disability
Conclusion
Cross-References
References
23 Working Careers with Common Mental Disorders
Introduction
Common Mental Disorders and Work
The Magnitude of CMD
The Right to Work
CMD in a Life Course Perspective
Work Capacity: A Dynamic Phenomenon
Mental Health: A Conceptual Framework
Exploring the Capacity to Work with Common Mental Disorders
Exploring Work Instability in Common Mental Disorders
The Sick Leave and Rehabilitation Process in CMD
What Employers Can Do
Stigma
Universal Prevention
Early Identification
Sickness Absence and Return to Work
Sickness Absence with Psychiatric Disorders
Employer Support in Return to Work
A Gender Perspective
Concluding Remarks
Cross-References
References
24 Adverse Effect of Psychosocial Stressors at Work and Long Working Hours Along the Cardiovascular Continuum
Introduction
Psychosocial Stressors at Work and Long Working Hours
The Cardiovascular Continuum
Psychosocial Stressors at Work and Long Working Hours Along the CV Continuum
Blood Pressure
Psychosocial Stressors at Work and Masked Hypertension
Psychosocial Stressors at Work and Uncontrolled Hypertension
Long Working Hours and Blood Pressure
Arterial Stiffness
Cardiovascular Disease Incidence
Cardiovascular Disease Recurrence
Sex and Gender Considerations
Mechanisms and Interactions with Other Risk Factors
Population Attributable Fraction of Cardiovascular Diseases
Prevention (Guidelines, Screening, Prediction, and Interventions) from the Individual to the Population and Their Work Environ...
Psychosocial Stressors at Work in Cardiovascular Prevention Guidelines
CVD Risk Prediction
Screening
Preventive Workplace Interventions
Conclusion
References
Part VII: Interventions and Policy Implications
26 Worksite Health Promotion: Evidence on Effects and Challenges
Introduction
Workplace Health Promotion (WHP) Definitions and Approaches
Workplace Health Promotion and Health/Risk Behaviors
Workplace Health Promotion and Mental Health
Inequalities in Workplace Health Promotion
Workplace Health Promotion and Workforce Retention
Precarious Employment and Psychosocial Risks: Major Challenge for Workplace Health Promotion
Overview of Legislation and Policies on Work-Related Psychosocial Risks
Conclusions
Cross-References
References
27 Falling Sick While Working: An Overview of the EU-Level Policy Framework on Returning to Work Following Chronic Disease(s)
Introduction
A Snapshot of Demographic and Health Trends in Europe
Ageing Population
Prevalence of Disabilities and Chronic Diseases
Implications of Chronic Health Conditions for Labor Markets
The EU-Level Approach to the Return to Work
The EU Occupational Health and Safety Framework
Disability and Social Inclusion Policies
Other Relevant EU-Level Initiatives
The Way Ahead on the Return to Work: Further Reflections
Cross-References
References
28 The Role of Social and Labor Policies in Shaping Working Conditions Throughout the Life Course
Introduction
Theoretical Background
National Labor Policies (Definition and Mechanisms)
Conceptual Framework
Empirical Evidence
Cross-Country Evidence
Differences by Socioeconomic Position
Longitudinal Evidence
Trend Studies
Conclusion
Cross-References
References
Part VIII: Future Perspectives
29 Occupational Trajectories and Health Inequalities in a Global Perspective
Introduction
Social Inequalities in Access to the Labor Market and Young Adults´ Health
Adverse Working Conditions During Midlife and Their Effects on Health
The Contribution of Work Toward Explaining Social Inequalities in Health
Implications for Policy
Cross-References
References
30 Conceptual and Methodological Directions of Occupational Life Course Research
Introduction
Objective
From Perspective
To Challenges
Through Possible Rupture like COVID-19 Pandemic
To the Future Using Prospective Modeling?
Cross-References
References
Index