دانلود کتاب Handbook of Pedology

فهرست مطالب :

FOREWORD -- INTRODUCTION: PEDOLOGY OR SOIL SCIENCE? -- THE GREAT DIVISIONS OF PEDOLOGY -- PART I SOIL CONSTITUENTS AND THEIR ORIGIN -- 1. THE MINERAL FRACTION -- 1. Introduction and Definitions -- 2. Grouping of Minerals by Size: Particle Size Distribution -- 3. Weathering Balance: Weathering Index -- 4. The Parent Material: Minerals And Rocks -- 5. Weathering Complex: Clay Minerals -- 6. Weathering Complex: Oxyhydroxides -- 7. Bioclimatic Weathering Processes -- 8. Ecology of Weathering -- 2. THE ORGANIC FRACTION -- 1. Definitions and Generalities -- 2. Agents of Humification: Living Organisms -- 3. Raw Material of Humus: Fresh Organic Matter -- 4. Humification: Biological Processes -- 5. Physicochemical Stabilization and Maturation -- 6. Biochemical Composition of Humus -- 7. Fonnation and Role of Organomineral Associations -- 8. Ecology of Humification -- PART II GLOBAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL -- 3. ARRANGEMENT OF THE PARTICLES: STRUCTURE, AERATION -- 1. Origin of Structures -- 2. Classification of Structures -- 3. Practical Aspects: Consistence and Stability of Structure -- 4. Microstructure -- 5. Assessment of Structural Status: Porosity -- 6. The Soil Atmosphere: Free and Dissolved Gases -- 7. Applications: Development of the Root System -- 4. SOIL AND WATER -- 1. Introduction: Kinds of Water in the Soil -- 2. Hydric Potential and Matric Potential -- 3. Characteristic Values: Concept of Available Water -- 4. Water Movement in the Soil -- 5. Water Balance and Hydric Regime -- 6. Application: Water Nutrition -- 5. SOIL TEMPERATURE AND PEDOCLIMATE -- 1. Factors of Surficial Soil Heating: Hot and Cold Soils -- 2. Downward Diffusion of Heat: Thermal Profiles -- 3. Effect of Soil Temperature and Its Variations -- 4. Concept of Pedoclimate -- 6. EXCHANGE COMPLEX AND pH OF THE SOIL -- 1. Generalities and Definitions -- 2. Characteristic Values -- 3. Acidity and pH of Soils: Buffering Power -- 4. Role of the Exchange Complex in Plant Nutrition -- 7. THE SOIL AND PLANT NUTRITION -- 1. Forms of Nutrients in the Soil -- 2. Relative Importance of Mineral and Organic Reserves -- 3. Role of the Rhizosphere -- 4. Nitrogen -- 5. Phosphorus -- 6. Sulphur -- 7. Basic Cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+) -- 8. Trace Elements -- PART III PEDOGENESIS AND SOIL CLASSIFICATION -- 8. SOIL DEVELOPMENT: FACTORS AND PROCESSES -- 1. Definitions: Development Cycle -- 2. The Time Factor: Short Cycles and Long Cycles -- 3. Ecological Factors and Pedogenesis -- 4. The Fundamental Pedogenetic Processes -- 9. SOIL SYSTEMATICS -- 1. Difficulties of the Problem -- 2. Preliminary Questions: Horizons and Nomenclature -- 3. Hierarchical Classifications -- 4. Morphogenetic Reference Bases -- 10. IMMATURE SOILS -- 1. Immature Climatic Soils -- 2. Immature Soils on Recent Materials -- (Regosols, Fluvisols, Lithic Leptosols) -- 11. SOILS WITH PREDOMINANTLY BIOCHEMICAL WEATHERING -- 1. Desaturated Humiferous Soils (Umbric Leptosols, Andosols) -- 2. Calcimagnesic Soils (Rendzic Leptosols, Calcaric Units) -- 3. Brunified Soils (Cambisols, Luvisols) -- 4. Podzolized Soils (Podzols) -- 12. SOILS WITH CONTRASTED PEDOCLIMATE -- 1. Melanized Soils (Chemozems, Kastanozems, Phaeozems) -- 2. Vertisols (Vertisols) -- 13. SOILS WITH PREDOMINANTLY GEOCHEMICAL WEATHERING -- 1. Fersiallitic Soils (Chromic Luvisols and Chromic Cambisols) -- 2. Ferruginous Soils (Acrisols, Lixisols) -- 3. Ferrallitic Soils (Ferralsols) -- 14. SOILS RELATED TO PHYSICOCHEMICAL SITE CONDITIONS -- 1. Hydromorphic Soils (Gleysols, Histosols, Planosols, Stagnosols) -- 2. Salsodic Soils (Solonchaks, Solonetz, Thionic Units) -- PART IV APPLIED PEDOLOGY -- 15. MAPPING OF SOILS AND SITES -- 1. Preparation of the Map -- 2. Finalization of Map and Report -- 3. Site Mapping -- 16. APPLICATIONS TO UTILIZATION OF SOILS -- 1. Soil Fertility, Basis of Applied Pedology -- 2. Regional Planning -- 3. Utilization for Agriculture -- 4. Management of Forests and Green Areas -- 5. Conclusion -- 17. PROTECTION OF SOILS AND THE ENVIRONMENT -- 1. Protection of the Soil against Degradation and Erosion -- 2. Protection of the Environment from Pollution -- 3. General Conclusion -- REFERENCES -- INDEX.