دانلود کتاب Health at a Glance 2019 : OECD indicators.

فهرست مطالب :

Foreword Table of contents Executive summary Reader’s guide Chapter 1. Indicator overview: comparative performance of countries and major trends Introduction Health status Risk factors for health Access to care Quality of care Health care resources To what extent does health spending translate into better access, quality and health outcomes, and more health professionals? Health spending and health outcomes Health spending, access and quality of care Health spending and number of health professionals Chapter 2. Measuring what matters for people-centred health systems Introduction A people-centred health system needs to measure what matters to patients Outputs provide only a partial picture of health system performance We know how medicine treats diseases but what about the patient’s quality of life? A good care experience contributes to better outcomes and is also an end in itself Shared decision making requires patient-reporting Patient-reported measures are robust and reliable Joint replacement rates are rising but are patients reporting improvement? On average, hip replacement patients reported improvement Improvements reported following knee replacement were more modest Results should be interpreted with caution Better information on breast cancer care outcomes helps patients facing difficult treatment choices The collection and use of PROMs in breast cancer care is growing Results suggest higher breast satisfaction outcomes after breast conserving therapy in some, but not all sites Women report slightly more satisfaction following autologous than implant breast reconstruction Recent use of PROMs indicates that autologous reconstruction may be cost-effective Existing mental health measures say little about experiences and outcomes of care Collaboration to enhance patient-reporting in mental health Conclusion Chapter 3. Health status Trends in life expectancy Life expectancy by sex and education level Main causes of mortality Avoidable mortality (preventable and treatable) Mortality from circulatory diseases Cancer incidence and mortality Chronic disease morbidity Infant health Mental health Self-rated health Chapter 4. Risk factors for health Smoking among adults Alcohol consumption among adults Opioids use Diet and physical activity among adults Overweight and obesity among adults Overweight and obesity among children Air pollution and extreme temperatures Chapter 5. Access to care Population coverage for health care Extent of health care coverage Use of primary care services Unmet need for health care Financial hardship and out-of-pocket expenditure Geographic distribution of doctors Waiting times for elective surgery Chapter 6. Quality and outcomes of care Safe primary care – prescribing Safe acute care – surgical complications and health care-associated infections Safe acute care – obstetric trauma Avoidable hospital admissions Diabetes care Mortality following ischaemic stroke Mortality following acute myocardial infarction (AMI) Hip and knee surgery Care for people with mental health disorders Breast cancer outcomes Screening and survival for colorectal cancer Survival for other major cancers Vaccinations Patient experiences of ambulatory care Chapter 7. Health expenditure Health expenditure per capita Health expenditure in relation to GDP Prices in the health sector Health expenditure by financing scheme Public funding of health spending Health expenditure by type of service Health expenditure by provider Capital expenditure in the health sector Projections of health expenditure Chapter 8. Health workforce Health and social care workforce Doctors (overall number) Doctors (by age, sex and category) Remuneration of doctors (general practitioners and specialists) Nurses Remuneration of nurses Medical graduates Nursing graduates International migration of doctors and nurses Chapter 9. Health care activities Consultations with doctors Medical technologies Hospital beds and discharge rates Average length of stay in hospitals Hip and knee replacement Caesarean sections Ambulatory surgery Chapter 10. Pharmaceutical sector Pharmaceutical expenditure Pharmacists and pharmacies Pharmaceutical consumption Generics and biosimilars Research and development in the pharmaceutical sector Chapter 11. Ageing and long-term care Demographic trends Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy at age 65 Self-rated health and disability at age 65 and over Dementia Safe prescribing in older populations Safe long-term care Recipients of long-term care Informal carers Long-term care workers Long-term beds in facilities and hospitals Long-term care spending and unit costs