دانلود کتاب Health Psychology: The Basics

فهرست مطالب :

Cover
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of contents
1 The development of health psychology
Introduction
Historical approaches to health: a biomedical model of health and illness
Introduction to the biomedical model
Challenging the biomedical view of health
What is health?
What is health psychology?
Why do we need health psychology?
Health in the twenty-first century: the role of lifestyle on population health
Health policy: the role of government action for lifestyle change
Health psychology today, where are we now?
Research methods in health psychology
Qualitative studies
Quantitative studies
Systematic reviews and meta-analysis
Careers in health psychology
What do health psychologists do and where do they work?
How to become a health psychologist
Stage one
Stage two
What can you expect to earn as a health psychologist?
Interested in health psychology, now what?
Final overview and summary
References
2 A bio/psycho/social approach to health and wellbeing
Chapter overview
A biopsychosocial approach to health and wellbeing
The biopsychosocial approach
Pain
Biological factors
Transduction
Transmission
Modulation
Psychological factors
The Gate Control Theory (GCT)
Anxiety
Learning
Cognition
Treatment for pain (see Table 2.2)
Why does pain relief stop working as well?
What can health psychologists do to improve pain?
What about alternative therapies?
Brief summary of pain
Diabetes
What is diabetes?
The endocrine system
It is a disease of lifestyle!
What is the role of the health psychologist in understanding Type 2 diabetes?
Using a biopsychosocial approach in understanding the aetiology of Type 2 DM
Examples of biological factors
Examples of psychological factors
Evidence
Why might wholegrains be beneficial?
Is it just about eating wholegrains?
What about exercise?
Can personality influence onset?
What is conscientiousness?
What is the relationship between conscientiousness and Type 2 diabetes?
Social and environmental factors
The obesogenic environment
What about culture?
The digestive system and obesity
The digestive system
So why do we need to eat?
So what is the right amount of food?
What is a calorie?
Obesity
So why do people become obese?
Biological factors
So what other biological factors affect eating behaviour?
Leptin
Ghrelin
Neuropetide Y
Psychological factors
Conditioning
Stress and eating behaviour
Activity
Social factors
Summary
Autoimmune diseases
The immune system
Simplified overview of the innate system
Simplified overview of the specific system
Genes
Gender
Psychological factors
Social factors
So what can we conclude?
Chapter summary
References
3 Attitudes, beliefs and behaviour: Models of health behaviour change
Introduction
Introduction to social cognition models
Social Cognitive Theory
We do what we see: the historical development of the Social Cognitive Theory
Overview of the Social Cognitive Theory
Core process 1: outcome expectancies
Self-efficacy ‘the belief that we are capable’
Core process 2: socio-structural factors
Core process 3: goal setting
Summary and future directions
Health Belief Model
Summary and future directions
Protection Motivation Theory
Summary and future directions
Theory of Reasoned Action and Theory of Planned Behaviour
The development of the theory of planned behaviour
Summary and future directions
Stage models of change
Stages of change ‘When you change’
1. Processes of change
2. Self-efficacy
3. Decisional balance
Summary and future directions
Final overview and summary
References
4 Health behaviours of children and adolescents
Introduction
Children’s health in context
Why is childhood so important for future health?
Methods of research in children and adolescents
Why is eating behaviour in children important?
Understanding eating behaviour
Biological factors
Psychosocial factors
Early years and the role of learning
A focus on interventions
So with this in mind what can be done to tackle obesity on a wider scale?
A biopsychosocial approach to understanding risk behaviour
Biological
Psychosocial factors
Why are friends so important?
The influence of parents/carers
Intervening in risky behaviours
Alcohol use in adolescents
1. What is the problem?
2. What influences alcohol use in adolescence?
Biological factors
Influence of others
Positive expectancies
Parental influence
Affect and personality factors
3. Choosing theory appropriate to the needs of the target group
The need for a dual processing approach in predicting adolescent behaviour
What is the dual processing approach?
How do children and adolescents differ from adults?
The Prototype Willingness Model
Summary of chapter
References
5 Stress
Chapter overview
Introduction
What is stress?
Models of stress
Fight or flight
What happens in the body during the fight or flight response?
Biological Model of Stress – Seyle’s General Adaption Syndrome
Transactional Theory of Stress
Is it stress?
Is there a link between stress and health?
The role of daily hassles
Allostatic load
How might stress be linked to ill health?
The potential direct route between stress and illness
Stress reactivity
Psychoneuroimmunology/psychoneuroendocrinology
The brief overview of the immune system
The potential pathways between stress and the immune system
What moderates the relationship between stress and illness?
Coping
Why are some people more resilient to stress than others?
Social support
How do we measure stress?
Stress management
Biofeedback
Emotional expression relaxation, guided imagery and music
Mindfulness
Exercise
Chapter summary
References
6 Adjusting to chronic illness
Chapter overview
Introduction
What are chronic illnesses?
The consequences of living with a chronic illness
Coping requires major lifestyle changes
Impact of chronic illness on family
Quality of life
Mindfulness and gratitude
Social support
Self-management
Education based interventions or psychological interventions?
Cardiac rehabilitation
Diabetes self-management
Carbtoxicity and low carbohydrate diets in type 2
So what has happened since?
What are the implications?
What about exercise?
Irritable bowel syndrome
Interventions
Mindfulness
Summary of the chapter
References
7 Health psychology in healthcare settings
Introduction
Communication in healthcare settings
What is the doctor-patient relationship?
What is the impact of a good doctor-patient relationship?
The medical consultation
Factors that influence the medical consultation
Healthcare professional related factors
Patient related factors
Patient and healthcare professional factors
Situational factors
What makes a good or bad medical consultation?
Shared decision making
Summary
Concordance, adherence and compliance
What is adherence?
What psychological factors predict adherence?
The Perceptions and Practicalities Approach (PAPA)
Improving adherence: considerations and future directions
Impact of hospitalisation and stressful procedures
What is a hospital?
The patients’ role
The good versus bad patient
Factors affecting adjustment to hospital
Children in hospital
How can we better support patients including children in hospital settings?
Summary
Final overview and summary
References
Glossary
Index