دانلود کتاب Horngren's financial & managerial accounting: the managerial chapters

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Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright Page......Page 3
About the Authors......Page 4
Contents......Page 6
Chapter 16 Introduction to Managerial Accounting......Page 26
Why Is Managerial Accounting Important?......Page 27
Financial Versus Managerial Accounting......Page 28
Management Accountability......Page 29
Today’s Business Environment......Page 30
Ethical Standards......Page 31
Service Companies......Page 32
Merchandising Companies......Page 33
Manufacturing Companies......Page 34
Direct and Indirect Costs......Page 35
Prime and Conversion Costs......Page 36
Calculating Cost of Goods Manufactured......Page 38
Flow of Costs Through the Inventory Accounts......Page 41
Calculating Unit Product Cost......Page 42
How Is Managerial Accounting Used in Service and Merchandising Companies?......Page 43
Calculating Cost per Item......Page 44
Review......Page 45
Assess Your Progress......Page 49
Critical Thinking......Page 68
Chapter 17 Job Order Costing......Page 70
How Do Manufacturing Companies Use Job Order and Process Costing Systems?......Page 71
How Do Materials and Labor Costs Flow Through the Job Order Costing System?......Page 72
Materials......Page 73
Labor......Page 77
How Do Overhead Costs Flow Through the Job Order Costing System?......Page 79
Before the Period—Calculating the Predetermined Overhead Allocation Rate......Page 80
During the Period—Allocating Overhead......Page 81
At the End of the Period—Adjusting for Overallocated and Underallocated Overhead......Page 83
Transferring Costs to Cost of Goods Sold......Page 84
How Is the Manufacturing Overhead Account Adjusted?......Page 86
Summary......Page 87
How Do Service Companies Use a Job Order Costing System?......Page 91
Review......Page 93
Assess Your Progress......Page 99
Critical Thinking......Page 120
Chapter 18 Process Costing......Page 122
Job Order Costing Versus Process Costing......Page 123
Flow of Costs Through a Process Costing System......Page 124
What Are Equivalent Units of Production, and How are They Calculated?......Page 126
Conversion Costs......Page 127
How Is a Production Cost Report Prepared?......Page 128
Production Cost Report—First Process—Assembly Department......Page 129
Production Cost Report—Second Process—Cutting Department......Page 135
Transaction 1—Raw Materials Purchased......Page 143
Transaction 4—Additional Manufacturing Costs Incurred......Page 144
Transaction 8—Puzzles Sold......Page 145
Transaction 9—Adjust Manufacturing Overhead......Page 146
How Can the Production Cost Report Be Used to Make Decisions?......Page 147
APPENDIX 18A: Process Costing: First-In, First-Out Method......Page 148
How Is a Production Cost Report Prepared Using the FIFO Method?......Page 149
Comparison of Weighted-Average and FIFO Methods......Page 158
Review......Page 159
Assess Your Progress......Page 166
Critical Thinking......Page 186
Chapter 19 Cost Management Systems: Activity-Based, Just-In-Time, and Quality Management Systems......Page 188
How Do Companies Assign And Allocate Costs?......Page 189
Single Plantwide Rate......Page 190
Multiple Department Rates......Page 192
How Is an Activity-Based Costing System Developed?......Page 195
Step 1: Identify Activities and Estimate Their Total Costs......Page 196
Step 2: Identify the Allocation Base for Each Activity and Estimate the Total Quantity of Each Allocation Base......Page 197
Step 3: Compute the Predetermined Overhead Allocation Rate for Each Activity......Page 198
Step 4: Allocate Indirect Costs to the Cost Object......Page 199
Traditional Costing Systems Compared with ABC Systems......Page 200
Pricing and Product Mix Decisions......Page 201
Cost Management Decisions......Page 202
Can Activity-Based Management Be Used in Service Companies?......Page 204
How Do Just-In-Time Management Systems Work?......Page 205
Just-In-Time Costing......Page 207
Recording Transactions in JIT......Page 208
Quality Management Systems......Page 211
Quality Improvement Programs......Page 212
Review......Page 214
Assess Your Progress......Page 220
Critical Thinking......Page 241
Chapter 20 Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis......Page 244
Variable Costs......Page 245
Fixed Costs......Page 246
Mixed Costs......Page 248
Contribution Margin......Page 252
Contribution Margin Income Statement......Page 253
Assumptions......Page 254
Target Profit—Three Approaches......Page 255
Breakeven Point—A Variation of Target Profit......Page 257
CVP Graph—A Graphic Portrayal......Page 258
Changes in Variable Costs......Page 260
Changes in Fixed Costs......Page 261
Margin of Safety......Page 262
Operating Leverage......Page 263
Sales Mix......Page 265
Review......Page 268
Assess Your Progress......Page 275
Comprehensive Problem for Chapters 16–20......Page 290
Critical Thinking......Page 292
Chapter 21 Variable Costing......Page 294
Variable Costing......Page 295
Comparison of Unit Product Costs......Page 296
How Does Operating Income Differ Between Variable Costing and Absorption Costing?......Page 297
Production Equals Sales......Page 298
Production Exceeds Sales......Page 299
Production Is Less Than Sales......Page 301
Summary......Page 304
Controlling Costs......Page 305
Analyzing Profitability......Page 306
Analyzing Contribution Margin......Page 308
Summary......Page 310
Operating Income......Page 311
Profitability Analysis......Page 312
Contribution Margin Analysis......Page 313
Review......Page 315
Assess Your Progress......Page 319
Critical Thinking......Page 333
Chapter 22 Master Budgets......Page 335
Budgeting Benefits......Page 336
Budgeting and Human Behavior......Page 339
Static and Flexible Budgets......Page 340
Master Budgets......Page 341
How Are Operating Budgets Prepared for a Manufacturing Company?......Page 342
Sales Budget......Page 343
Production Budget......Page 344
Direct Materials Budget......Page 345
Direct Labor Budget......Page 346
Manufacturing Overhead Budget......Page 347
Cost of Goods Sold Budget......Page 348
Selling and Administrative Expense Budget......Page 349
Cash Budget......Page 350
Budgeted Income Statement......Page 358
Budgeted Balance Sheet......Page 359
Budgeted Statement of Cash Flows......Page 360
Budgeting Software......Page 362
APPENDIX 22A: Budgeting for Merchandising Companies......Page 363
Sales Budget......Page 364
Inventory, Purchases, and Cost of Goods Sold Budget......Page 366
Selling and Administration Expense Budget......Page 367
Cash Budget......Page 368
Budgeted Income Statement......Page 371
Budgeted Balance Sheet......Page 372
Budgeted Statement of Cash Flows......Page 373
Review......Page 375
Assess Your Progress......Page 382
Critical Thinking......Page 417
Chapter 23 Flexible Budgets and Standard Cost Systems......Page 420
Performance Reports Using Flexible Budgets......Page 422
Setting Standards......Page 427
Standard Cost System Benefits......Page 429
Variance Analysis for Product Costs......Page 430
How Are Standard Costs Used to Determine Direct Materials and Direct Labor Variances?......Page 432
Direct Materials Variances......Page 433
Direct Labor Variances......Page 435
Allocating Overhead in a Standard Cost System......Page 437
Variable Overhead Variances......Page 438
Fixed Overhead Variances......Page 440
What Is the Relationship Among the Product Cost Variances, and Who Is Responsible for Them?......Page 443
Variance Relationships......Page 444
Variance Responsibilities......Page 445
Journal Entries......Page 446
Standard Cost Income Statement......Page 450
Review......Page 452
Assess Your Progress......Page 460
Critical Thinking......Page 475
Chapter 24 Responsibility Accounting and Performance Evaluation......Page 478
Advantages of Decentralization......Page 479
Responsibility Accounting......Page 480
Goals of Performance Evaluation Systems......Page 484
The Balanced Scorecard......Page 485
How Do Companies Use Responsibility Accounting to Evaluate Performance in Cost, Revenue, and Profit Centers?......Page 488
Responsibility Reports......Page 489
How Does Performance Evaluation in Investment Centers Differ From Other Centers?......Page 494
Return on Investment (ROI)......Page 495
Residual Income (RI)......Page 497
Limitations of Financial Performance Measures......Page 499
Objectives in Setting Transfer Prices......Page 501
Setting Transfer Prices......Page 502
Review......Page 504
Assess Your Progress......Page 510
Comprehensive Problem for Chapters 22–24......Page 522
Critical Thinking......Page 526
Chapter 25 Short-Term Business Decisions......Page 528
Relevant Information......Page 529
Differential Analysis......Page 530
Setting Regular Prices......Page 532
Special Pricing......Page 536
Dropping Unprofitable Products and Segments......Page 540
Product Mix......Page 544
Sales Mix......Page 547
Outsourcing......Page 548
Sell or Process Further......Page 553
Review......Page 555
Assess Your Progress......Page 563
Critical Thinking......Page 580
Chapter 26 Capital Investment Decisions......Page 582
The Capital Budgeting Process......Page 583
Focus on Cash Flows......Page 585
Payback......Page 587
Accounting Rate of Return (ARR)......Page 590
Time Value of Money Concepts......Page 594
Present Value of a Lump Sum......Page 596
Summary......Page 597
How Do Discounted Cash Flow Methods Work?......Page 599
Net Present Value (NPV)......Page 600
Internal Rate of Return (IRR)......Page 605
Sensitivity Analysis......Page 608
Capital Rationing......Page 612
Review......Page 613
Assess Your Progress......Page 620
Comprehensive Problem for Chapters 25–26......Page 633
Critical Thinking......Page 635
APPENDIX A—2013 Green Mountain Coffee Roasters, Inc. Annual Report......Page 638
APPENDIX B—Present Value Tables......Page 686
APPENDIX C— Accounting Information Systems......Page 688
APPENDIX D—The Statement of Cash Flows......Page 745
APPENDIX E— Financial Statement Analysis......Page 811
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PHOTO CREDITS......Page 892