دانلود کتاب How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper

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Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface
A Word to International Readers
Acknowledgments
Part I: Some Preliminaries
1. What Is Scientific Writing?
The Scope of Scientific Writing
The Need for Clarity
Receiving the Signals
Understanding the Signals
Understanding the Context
Organization and Language in Scientific Writing
2. Historical Perspectives
The Early History
The Electronic Era
The IMRAD Story
3. Approaching a Writing Project
Establishing the Mindset
Preparing to Write
Doing the Writing
Revising Your Work
4. What Is a Scientific Paper?
Definition of a Scientific Paper
Organization of a Scientific Paper
Shape of a Scientific Paper
Other Definitions
5. Ethics in Scientific Publishing
Ethics as a Foundation
Authenticity and Accuracy
Originality
Credit
Ethical Treatment of Humans and Animals
Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest
6. Where to Submit Your Manuscript
Decide Early, Decide Well
Prestige and Impact
Access
Avoiding Predatory Journals
Other Factors to Consider
Using Instructions to Authors
Part II: Preparing the Text
7. How to Prepare the Title
Importance of the Title
Length of the Title
Need for Specific Titles
Importance of Syntax
The Title as Label
Abbreviations and Jargon
More About Title Format
8. How to List the Authors and Addresses
Definition of Authorship
The Order of the Names
Defining the Order: An Example
Specifying Contributions
Proper and Consistent Form
Solutions: ORCID and More
Listing Affiliations and Addresses
9. How to Prepare the Abstract
Definition
Types of Abstracts
Clarity and Conciseness
Akin to Abstracts
Keywords
Visual Varieties
10. How to Write the Introduction
Guidelines
Reasons for the Guidelines
Exceptions
Citations and Abbreviations
11. How to Write the Materials and Methods Section
Purpose of the Section
Materials
Methods
Headings
Measurements and Analysis
Need for References
Tables and Figures
Correct Form and Grammar
12. How to Write the Results
Content of the Results
How to Handle Numbers
Strive for Clarity
Avoid Redundancy
A Supplement on Supplementary Material Online
13. How to Write the Discussion
Discussion and Verbiage
Components of the Discussion
Noting Strengths and Limitations
Significance of the Paper
Conclusions
Defining Scientific Truth
14. How to State the Acknowledgments
Ingredients of the Acknowledgments
Being Courteous
15. How to Cite the References
Rules to Follow
Checking Against the Original
Electronic Aids to Citation
Citations in the Text
Reference Styles
Titles and Inclusive Pages
Journal Abbreviations
Some Trends in Reference Format
Examples of Different Reference Styles
Citing Electronic Material
One More Reason to Cite Carefully
Part III: Preparing the Tables and Figures
16. How to Design Effective Tables
When to Use Tables
How to Arrange Tabular Material
Exponents in Table Headings
Following the Journal’s Instructions
Titles, Footnotes, and Abbreviations
Additional Tips on Tables
17. How to Prepare Effective Graphs
When Not to Use Graphs
When to Use Graphs
How to Prepare Graphs
Symbols and Legends
A Few More Tips on Graphs
Beyond Graphs
Sources Offering Further Assistance
18. How to Prepare Effective Photographs
Photographs and Micrographs
Submission Formats
Cropping and Combining
Necessary Keys and Guides
Color
Part IV: Publishing the Paper
19. Rights and Permissions
What is Copyright?
Copyright of Unpublished Materials
Creative Commons Licenses
Obtaining Permissions
20. How to Submit the Manuscript
Checking Your Manuscript
Submitting Your Manuscript
The Cover Letter
Sample Cover Letter
Electronic Cover Letters
Confirmation of Receipt
21. The Review Process (How to Deal with Editors)
Functions of Editors, Managing Editors, and Manuscript Editors
The Review Process
The Editor’s Decision
The Accept Letter
The Modify Letter—And How to Respond to It
The Reject Letter
Editors as Gatekeepers
22. The Publishing Process (How to Deal with Proofs)—and After Publication
The Copyediting and Proofing Processes
Why Proofs Are Sent to Authors
Misspelled Words
Marking the Corrections
Additions to the Proofs
Addition of References
Proofing the Illustrations
When to Complain
Reprints
Publicizing and Archiving Your Paper
Celebrating Publication
Part V: Doing Other Writing for Publication
23. How to Write a Review Paper
Characteristics of a Review Paper
Preparing an Outline
Types of Reviews
Writing for the Audience
Importance of Introductory Paragraphs
Importance of Conclusions
Additional Tips for Writing Review Articles
24. How to Write Opinion (Letters to the Editor, Editorials, Book Reviews, and Essays)
Writing Informed Opinion
Letters to the Editor
Editorials
Book (and Other Media) Reviews
Essays
25. How to Write a Book Chapter or a Book
How to Write a Book Chapter
Why (or Why Not) to Write a Book
How to Find a Publisher
How to Prepare a Book Manuscript
How to Participate in the Publication Process
How to Help Market Your Book
26. How to Write for the Public
Why Write for General Readerships?
Finding Publication Venues
Engaging the Audience
Conveying Content Clearly
Emulating the Best
Part VI: Conference Communications
27. How to Present a Paper Orally
How to Get to Present a Paper
A Word of Caution
Organization of the Paper
Presentation of the Paper
Slides
Presenting Online
Making a Mini-Presentation
The Audience
A Few Answers on Questions
28. How to Prepare a Poster
Popularity of Posters
Organization
Preparing the Poster
Presenting the Poster
29. How to Write a Conference Report
Definition
Format
Presenting New Ideas
Editing and Publishing
Part VII: Scientific Style
30. Use and Misuse of English
Some Basics
Some Finer Points
On a Lighter Note
31. Avoiding Jargon
Definition of Jargon
Mumblespeak and Other Sins
Bureaucratese
Special Cases
Mottoes to Live By
32. How and When to Use Abbreviations
General Principles
Good Practice
Units of Measurement
Special Problems
SI (Système International) Units
Other Abbreviations
33. Writing Clearly Across Cultures and Media
Readable Writing
Consistency in Wording
Serving International Readers
A Few Words on Email Style
Writing for Online Reading
34. How to Write Science in English as a Foreign Language
English as the International Language of Science
The Essentials: Content, Organization, and Clarity
Cultural Differences to Consider
Some Common Language Challenges
More Strategies for English-Language Writing
More Resources
Part VIII: Other Topics in Scientific Communication
35. How to Write a Thesis
Purpose of the Thesis
Tips on Writing
When to Write the Thesis
Relationship to the Outside World
From Thesis to Publication
36. How to Prepare a Curriculum Vitae, Cover Letter, and Personal Statement
What’s a Curriculum Vitae? What’s It Good For?
What to Put in (and What to Leave Out)
Other Suggestions
Preparing a Cover Letter
Writing a Personal Statement
37. How to Prepare Grant Proposals and Progress Reports
Preparing a Grant Proposal
Writing a Progress Report
38. How to Write a Recommendation Letter—and How to Ask for One
Deciding Whether to Write the Letter
Gathering the Information
Writing Letters
A Light Aside
If You’re Seeking Recommendation Letters
39. How to Work with the Media
Before the Interview
During the Interview
After the Interview
40. How to Provide Peer Review
Responding to a Request for Peer Review
Peer-Reviewing a Scientific Paper
Providing Informal Peer Review
For More on Reviewing
41. How to Edit Your Own Work
Preparing to Edit Your Work
Items to Notice: 8 Cs
A Good Choice: Checklists
Finding and Working with an Author’s Editor
42. How to Seek a Scientific-Communication Career
Career Options in Scientific Communication
An Admittedly Unvalidated Quiz
Career Preparation
Entering the Field and Keeping Up
Appendix 1: Selected Journal Title Word Abbreviations
Appendix 2: Words and Expressions to Avoid
Appendix 3: SI (Système International) Prefixes and Their Abbreviations
Appendix 4: Some Helpful Websites
Glossary
References
Index