دانلود کتاب Indigenous Knowledge and Disaster Risk Reduction: Insight Towards Perception, Response, Adaptation and Sustainability

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Foreword Preface Acknowledgments Contents Editors and Contributors Part I Conceptualising Disaster and Risk 1 Indigenous Knowledge and Disaster Risk Reduction: Insight Toward Perception, Response, Adaptation and Sustainability 1.1 Indigenous Knowledge System and Disaster Management 1.2 Indigenous Knowledge, Disaster Risk Reduction and Community Participation 1.3 Indigenous Knowledge in Disaster Management and Sustainable Development 1.4 The Shifting Paradigm of Disaster Management 1.4.1 Changing Vision of Disaster Management at the International Level 1.4.2 Shift in Disaster Management from Response to Risk Reduction 1.4.3 Disaster Management Cycle and Indigenous Knowledge 1.4.4 From Relief to Development, from Natural Hazards to All Hazards, from Single Agency to All Agencies 1.4.5 Development Oriented Emergency Aid 1.4.6 Community Participation in Risk and Vulnerability Reduction Oriented Development 1.4.7 Indigenous Knowledge- and Community-Based Approach in DRR 1.4.8 DRR with a Focus on the Poorest and Most Vulnerable 1.4.9 Disasters and Environment 1.5 Summary and Conclusion References 2 Role of Traditional and Indigenous Knowledge in Disaster Management 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Aims and Objective 2.3 Research Design 2.3.1 Indigenous Technology and Flood Prediction, Mitigation and Management 2.3.2 Indigenous Technology and Cyclone Prediction, Mitigation and Management 2.3.3 Indigenous Technology and Drought Prediction, Mitigation and Management 2.3.4 Indigenous Technology and Earthquake Prediction, Mitigation and Management 2.3.5 Indigenous Technology and Volcanic Eruption Prediction, Mitigation and Management 2.3.6 Discussion and Conclusion References 3 Conception and Perception of Indigenous People on Merapi Volcano Eruption: Knowledge, Philosophy, and Indigenous Education on Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Materials and Methods 3.3 Results and Discussion 3.4 Nature and Human Relation 3.5 Disaster, Human, and Its Philosophy 3.6 Disaster Risk Reduction and Disaster Mitigation in Indonesia 3.7 Conception and Perception of Indigenous People on Disaster 3.8 Indigenous Knowledge and Philosophy on Disaster Management 3.9 Indigenous Education on Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia: Case Study in Mt. Merapi 3.10 Conclusions References 4 Dispossessing ‘Own People’ from Their Homeland: Muslim Indigenous Ethnic Minority in Sri Lanka 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Literature Overview 4.3 Geographic Distribution and Attitudinal Difference 4.4 Objectives 4.5 Methodology 4.6 Historical Background: The Moors of Sri Lanka 4.6.1 Moors of Jaffna 4.6.2 Moor Returnees in Jaffna 4.7 Dispossessing ‘Own People’ from Their Homeland: The Narratives 4.7.1 “Homeless at Home”: Struggles After Return 4.7.2 Broken Dreams, Unfulfilled Aspirations 4.7.3 Easter Sunday Attacks and Its Effect on the Moors: Narratives from the Women 4.8 Conclusion References Part II Approaches to Disaster Management 5 Mountainous Hazards and Sustainable Livelihood in Leh Valley 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Materials and Methods 5.3 Results and Discussions 5.3.1 Climatic Characteristics and Flash Flood Hazards 5.3.2 Geological Impact on Earthquake Hazards 5.3.3 Geomorphological Impact on Hazards and Livelihood 5.3.4 Tourism Economy and Livelihood 5.4 Recommendations 5.5 Conclusions References 6 Does Indigenous Wisdom Still Exist? Toward the Involvement of Indigenous Peoples in Disaster Risk Reduction 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Methods 6.3 An Overview of Indigenous Peoples in Indonesia 6.4 The Tendency to Lose Indigeneity in Indigenous People 6.5 Inspiration from Various Parts of Indonesia: The Implementation of IW in Disaster Risk Reduction 6.5.1 IW in Disaster Risk Reduction Through Good Forest Management 6.5.2 IW in Spring Conservation 6.5.3 IW in Soil and Water Conservation to Prevent Erosion and Maintain Soil Fertility 6.5.4 IW in Dealing with the Tsunami Disaster 6.6 Recommendations 6.7 Conclusions References 7 Assessment of the Local Traditional Knowledge and Practices of Flood Risk Identification Techniques: A Case Study of Nadaro Village, Tailevu, Fiji 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Rationale of the Study 7.3 Materials and Methods 7.4 Fiji Islands 7.4.1 Study Area: Nadaro Village, Tailevu 7.5 Results and Discussion 7.5.1 Section A: General Status and Flooding Experience 7.5.2 Indigenous Traditional Knowledge: Early Warning Systems 7.5.3 Religious and Cultural Implications 7.6 Limitations of the Study 7.7 Recommendations 7.8 Conclusion Appendix References 8 Indigenous Knowledge and Strategic Approaches to Combat Drought: A Study from the Western Rarh Region (Bankura and Purulia Districts) in West Bengal 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Materials and Methods 8.2.1 Study Area 8.2.2 Data Collection 8.3 Result and Discussions 8.3.1 Food and Feeding Habits to Combat Drought 8.3.2 Water Resource Management to Combat Drought 8.4 Recommendations 8.5 Conclusions References 9 Use of Biotic and Abiotic Factors to Predict Natural Calamities: A Case Study Concerning the Santali Tribe in Four Districts of West Bengal, India 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Materials and Methods 9.2.1 Study Area 9.2.2 Methodology 9.2.3 Analysis of the Data Through Various Indices 9.3 Results 9.3.1 Demographic Characteristics of the Informants and the Area of the Study 9.3.2 Analysis of the Different Indices 9.4 Discussion 9.5 Challenges and Recommendations 9.6 Conclusion References 10 Risk Perception of Landslide Among the Tribal Population: A Case Study of Kotagiri Taluk of Nilgiri District, Tamil Nadu, India 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Study Area 10.3 Rationale of the Study 10.4 Methodology 10.4.1 Sample Size 10.4.2 Frequency 10.4.3 Independent Sample T-Test 10.4.4 Multiple Regressions 10.5 Result and Discussion 10.6 Suggestions 10.7 Conclusion References Part III Sustainability Through Indigenous Knowledge and Practice 11 Indigenous Knowledge of Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Material and Methods 11.2.1 Data Source 11.2.2 Methodology 11.2.3 Result and Discussion 11.3 Identification of Indigenous Knowledge Terms in Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia 11.4 Opportunities for the Development of Indigenous Knowledge Research in Disaster Risk Reduction 11.5 Limitations of the Study 11.6 Conclusions References 12 Indigenous Knowledge in Sustainable Development: A Mao Naga Perspective 12.1 Introduction 12.2 The Mao Nagas 12.3 The Rationale of the Study 12.4 The Methodology 12.4.1 Study Area 12.5 Indigenous People 12.6 Indigenous Knowledge (IK) 12.6.1 Why Indigenous Knowledge? 12.6.2 Importance of IK 12.6.3 Indigenous Knowledge of Fruits, Vegetables, and Flowers 12.6.4 Indigenous Knowledge in Healthcare 12.6.5 Indigenous Knowledge of Forests and Trees 12.7 Indigenous Knowledge in Cultivation 12.7.1 Terrace Cultivation 12.7.2 Wet Field 12.8 Landslides 12.9 Discussions 12.10 Conclusion References 13 Perspectives from Indigenous Knowledge in Sustainable Development: A Study on the Rajbanshi Society in the Sub-Himalayan Region of West Bengal 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Study Area 13.3 Materials and Method 13.4 Rajbanshi Society and Environmental Sustainability 13.4.1 Worshiping Plants as a Way of Diversity Conservation 13.4.2 Diversity of Plants Conserved as Traditional and Socio-cultural Activity 13.4.3 Tree Plantation, Festivals and Rituals 13.4.4 Folk Treatment and Biodiversity Conservation 13.4.5 Use of Herbal Products in Everyday Life 13.4.6 Worshiping Animals 13.4.7 Indigenous Knowledge and Waste Management in Rajbanshi Society 13.5 Rajbanshi Society and Socio-economic Sustainability 13.5.1 Worshiping ‘Gram Thakur’ 13.5.2 Mistor Dhora (To Make Friends) 13.5.3 Pani Chhita Bap (To Make Son) 13.5.4 Baapdaay (To Make Father) 13.5.5 Pancha System 13.5.6 Gua Khowa (Invitation for Having Betel Nut) 13.5.7 Bahecha System 13.5.8 Baho 13.5.9 Hauli 13.5.10 Bhanjh 13.6 Conclusion Appendix References 14 Climate Risk Management with Indigenous Knowledge and Perception—Evidence from Drought Prone Regions of India 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Literature and Background 14.3 Methodology and Sampling Methods 14.4 Study Area 14.5 Analysis and Discussions 14.5.1 Documenting Indigenous Knowledge for Drought Prediction 14.5.2 Documenting Rituals to Predict and Mitigate Drought 14.5.3 Perception of Drought and Scientific Explanations 14.6 Discussion and Conclusion Notes References 15 Toponym and Kayori: Potential Benefits of Local Wisdom to Kaili in Disaster Mitigation Strategies in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia 15.1 Introduction 15.1.1 Rationale of the Study 15.1.2 Materials 15.1.3 Methods 15.2 Results and Discussion 15.2.1 Kaili Tribe and Their Territory 15.2.2 Kaili’s Wisdom and Disaster 15.2.3 The Legal Recognition of the Kaili and Contradiction 15.3 Recommendations 15.4 Conclusions References 16 Achieving Rural Water Security Through Traditional Knowledge: A Comprehensive Appraisal of Traditional Water Harvesting Techniques Used in Dry Lands of Purulia District, West Bengal, India 16.1 Introduction 16.1.1 Aim and Objectives 16.2 Methodology 16.3 Results and Discussions 16.3.1 Traditional Knowledge and Its Applications for Environmental Conservation 16.3.2 Water Harvesting Techniques for Drylands 16.3.3 Purulia District and Its Water Resources and Traditional Water Harvesting Techniques 16.4 Limitation of the Study 16.5 Recommendations 16.6 Conclusion References Part IV Science-Policy Interface Through Indigenous Knowledge 17 The Journey Towards Understanding and Valuing Indigenous Knowledge for Climate Change Adaptation in Northland, Aotearoa-New Zealand 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Literature Review 17.2.1 Climate Change Impacts on Indigenous Communities 17.2.2 Indigenous Knowledge for Climate Change Adaptation 17.2.3 Indigenous Knowledge and Climate Change Adaptation in the Literature 17.2.4 Challenges in Integrating Indigenous Knowledge with Scientific Knowledge 17.3 Case Study Background: Northland, Aotearoa-New Zealand 17.3.1 Māori Worldview and Indigenous Knowledge (Te ao Māori and Mātauranga Māori) 17.3.2 Examples of Mātauranga Māori Climate Adaptation 17.3.3 Te Tai Tokerau Climate Adaptation Strategy 17.3.4 Aotearoa-New Zealand National Adaptation Plan 17.4 Research Methodology 17.4.1 Document Analysis 17.4.2 Semi-structured Interviews 17.4.3 Meetings (Hui) 17.4.4 Data Analysis 17.5 Findings 17.5.1 Mātauranga Māori Versus Western Science: The Differences 17.5.2 Climate Change Action Drivers: Iwi Versus Local Government Perspectives 17.5.3 Consideration of Te ao Māori and Mātauranga Māori in Northland’s Climate Change Strategies and Plans 17.5.4 Challenges 17.5.5 Potential Opportunities for Māori and Local Governments 17.6 Discussion 17.7 Conclusions References 18 Assessments for Disaster Risk Reduction by Analysing the Gaps and Future Scopes in Resilient Indigenous Practices 18.1 Background 18.2 Introduction 18.3 Rationale of the Study 18.4 Interaction Between DRR and Indigenous Practices 18.5 Role of Identification of the Gaps in Disaster Risk Reduction 18.6 Disaster Knowledge Gaps 18.6.1 The Epistemological Gap 18.6.2 The Institutional Gap 18.6.3 The Strategic Gap 18.6.4 Analysis of the Three Gaps in Relation to the DRR 18.7 Materials and Methods 18.8 Results and Discussion 18.9 Challenges/Limitations of the Study 18.10 Conclusion References 19 Disaster Risk Reduction Through Local Knowledge and Practices—A Case Study of the Indigenous Boti Tribe, Timor Island, Indonesia 19.1 Introduction 19.2 Rationale of the Study 19.3 Literature Review 19.4 Materials and Methods 19.5 Results and Discussions 19.6 Challenges/Limitations of the Study 19.7 Recommendations 19.8 Conclusions References 20 Disaster Risk Reduction: Assessment of Gaps in Policy Framework and Future Scopes in Implementation of Indigenous Practices in India 20.1 Introduction 20.1.1 Basic Concept and Meaning of Terminologies 20.1.2 Classification of Disasters 20.2 Percentage Distribution of Natural Disasters in India 20.3 Decadal Death Toll Due to Natural Disasters in India 20.4 Disaster Prone Areas in India 20.5 Major Disasters in India 20.6 Policy Framework and Gap Analysis 20.7 Indigenous Field Practices and Future Scopes 20.8 Policy Recommendations 20.9 Conclusion References 21 The Resilience of Indigenous Peoples in Facing Disaster Risks Due to Extreme Climate Change on Alor Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia 21.1 Introduction 21.2 Rationale of the Study 21.2.1 Climate Change 21.2.2 Disaster Risk 21.2.3 Indigenous People’s Resilience 21.3 Materials and Methods 21.4 Results and Discussion 21.4.1 Condition of Communities Affected by Disasters 21.4.2 Disaster Mitigation Efforts for the Indigenous People of Alor in the Future 21.4.3 The Resilience of the Indigenous Peoples of Alor Island to Disasters Caused by Climate Change 21.5 Limitations of the Study 21.6 Recommendations 21.7 Conclusions References 22 Unearthing the Local Wisdom of Disaster Mitigation Based on Geoarchaeological Records in the Mainland of Sumatra, Indonesia 22.1 Introduction 22.2 Research Question, Methods, and Objectives of the Study 22.3 The Geological Settings of Sumatra 22.4 The Archaeological Mitigation Evidence in the Mainland Sumatra 22.4.1 Northern Sumatra 22.4.2 Middle Sumatra 22.4.3 Southern Sumatra 22.5 Insight and Strategies of Geoarchaeological Mitigation Evidence in Sumatra 22.5.1 Geoarchaeological Insight and Strategies 22.5.2 Bourdieu’s Insight on Cultural Capital 22.6 Conclusion References 23 Assessment of Community-Based Risk (CBR) and Indigenous Knowledge on Climate Change Adaptation: An Overview 23.1 Introduction 23.2 Materials and Methods 23.3 Indigenous Knowledge and Community Threat Assessment (CTA) Activities 23.3.1 Community of Fulani Herders in Western Ghana 23.3.2 The Study Area 23.3.3 Data Analysis 23.3.4 Results 23.4 Indigenous Knowledge and Community Threat Assessment (CTA) Activities 23.4.1 Tacana of Bolivia 23.4.2 Conceptual Framework of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) 23.4.3 The Area of Study 23.4.4 Collection and Analyzing of Data 23.4.5 Typical Meteorological Signs 23.4.6 Reports from the Ground and Meteorological Information 23.4.7 Typical Weather Indicators and the Environmental Change 23.5 Conclusion and Recommendations Appendix References 24 Indigenous Strategies to Building Climate-Resilient Communities: A Case Study of Majuli Island and Chehni Kothi Village 24.1 Introduction 24.2 Indigenous Communities Around the Globe 24.2.1 Threats to the Indigenous Community 24.3 Indigenous Community in India 24.4 Natural Disaster in India and Their Impact 24.4.1 Community-Led Environmental Movements 24.4.2 Impact and Implications 24.5 Strategy, Agendas, and Global Support 24.5.1 United Nations (UN) 24.5.2 UNESCO 24.5.3 Impact of UNESCO Policies 24.6 Indian Context of Policies on Disaster Administration 24.6.1 Policies Implementation 24.6.2 Action Plan on Climate Change Control 24.7 Communities’ Resilient Strategies 24.7.1 Vernacular Strategies for Climate Change 24.8 Case Study 1 Majuli Island 24.8.1 Introduction 24.8.2 Historical Overview of the Region 24.8.3 Geography of the Region 24.8.4 Climatic Condition of Majuli 24.8.5 Settlement Pattern 24.8.6 Conclusion of Case Study 1 24.9 Case Study 2 Chehni Kothi Village 24.9.1 Introduction 24.9.2 Topography of the Region 24.9.3 Climate 24.9.4 Settlement Pattern 24.9.5 Vernacular Architecture 24.9.6 Climate Responsive Design 24.9.7 Vernacular Strategies 24.9.8 Traditional Construction Techniques 24.9.9 Analyzing the Building Structure 24.9.10 Analysis of the Overall Vernacular Settlement 24.10 Conclusion References