دانلود کتاب Influence of Nutrients, Bioactive Compounds, and Plant Extracts in Liver Diseases

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Front Matter
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Preface
Introduction
References
Hepatitis B
Introduction
Rheum palmatum L.
Ganoderma lucidum (Curtis) P. Karst.
Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC.
Curcuma longa L.
Phyllanthus amarus Schum. and Thonn.
Phyllanthus niruri L.
Swertia patens Burkill
Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich.
Role of natural compounds in ameliorating hepatitis B
Terpenoids
Lignans
Phenolic acids
Polyphenols
Alkaloids
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Conflict of interest
References
Further reading
Hepatitis C
Introduction
Etiology
Signs and symptoms
Genotypes and serotypes of HCV
Diagnosis (serology, biopsy, and screening)
Serology
Screening tests
Enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA)
The rapid test (point of care test)
Confirmatory tests
Biopsy
Screening
Prevention
Treatment
Hepatoprotective activity of natural compounds and plant extracts in Hepatitis C
Silymarin
Naringenin
Quercetin
( −)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)
Luteolin and apigenin
Honokiol
3-Hydroxy caruilignan C (3-HCL-C)
Ladanein
Plumbagin
Corilagin
Conclusion
Conflict of interest
References
Alcoholic liver disease
Introduction
The cause and consequences of alcohol toxicity
Alcohol metabolism and oxidative stress
Genetic alterations in developing of alcoholic liver diseases
The role of cytokines, chemokines, and adipocytokines in alcoholic liver disease
Sex differences in alcohol sensitivity
Alcohol as a depressant
Complex treatment of alcohol disease
Treatment of alcoholic liver diseases with vitamin supplements, nutrition, and medicaments with natural ingredi ...
Some traditional herbal medicines in complex treatment of alcoholists: Favorable and adverse effects
Hypericum perforatum L. (St. John\'s wort)
Pueraria lobate Willd. (Ohwi kudzu)
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge. (Danshen)
Tabernanthe iboga H. Bn. (Ibogaine)
Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. (Ginseng)
Piper methysticum G. Forst. (Kava)
Morus nigra L. (mulberry) and Taraxacum coreanum Nakai (dandelion)
Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (Japanese raisin tree)
Conclusions
References
Hepatoprotective activity of natural compounds and plant extracts in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Introduction
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis and progression
Oxidative stress and lipotoxicity
Mediterranean diet and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Natural compound effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Liver cancer
Introduction
Classification of hepatic cancers
Benign tumors
Malignant tumors
Causes of liver cancer
Diagnosis
Nuclear medical imaging
Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
Liver puncture biopsy
Serological molecular markers for liver cancer
Pathological diagnosis of liver cancer
Prevention
Treatment
Glycyrrhizin
Wogonin
Resveratrol
Curcumin
Silymarin
Rhein
Naringenin
Geniposide
Salvianolic acid B (or magnesium lithospermate B, SAB)
Oxymatrine (or kwoninone, OM)
Tetrandrine
Berberine
Others
Conclusion
Conflict of interest
References
Chronic liver diseases
Introduction
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Hepatic steatosis
Primary biliary cirrhosis
Liver fibrosis
The use of bioactive compounds and plant extracts in chronic liver diseases
Nutritional support in CLD
References
Drug-induced hepatotoxicity
Background
Hepatotoxicity: An overview
Drug metabolic pathways of the liver and hepatotoxicity
Drug-induced hepatotoxicity: Mechanisms and risk factors
Epidemiological aspects
Hepatoprotective activity of natural compounds and plant extracts in drug-induced hepatotoxicity
Conclusion
References
Influence of omega-3 fatty acids and monounsaturated fats in liver diseases
Introduction
Chemistry and classification of omega fatty acids
Conversion of ALA to EPA and DHA
Chemistry and classification of MUFA
Sources of omega-3 fatty acids and MUFAs
Metabolism of omega-3 fatty acids and monounsaturated fats
Role of omega-3 fatty acids and monounsaturated fats in various liver diseases
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)
Fibrosis
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
Conclusion
Conflict of interest
References
Influence of vitamins (C, B 3, D, and E) in liver health
Introduction
Vitamin C
Vitamin B 3 (niacin)
Vitamin D
Vitamin E
Vitamin combinations and liver health
Conclusion
References
Influence of other nutrients (e.g., l -arginine, taurine, and choline) on liver diseases
Introduction
Liver diseases
Arginine
Structural characteristics and metabolism
Functional links with the liver
Evidence of hepatoprotective functions
Taurine
Chemical structure and biological functions
Potential effects as a therapeutic agent
Clinical studies linked to liver diseases
Choline
Its metabolites and dietary sources
Aspects of its metabolism
Clinical evidence of the effect on liver health
Conclusions
References
Antioxidants with hepatoprotective activity
Introduction
Natural hepatoprotective agents
Ursodeoxycholic acid
Choline
Betaine
S ‐Adenosyl‐ l ‐methionine
Melatonin
Glutathione
N -Acetylcysteine
Minerals in antioxidant enzymes
Vitamins E and C
Lycopene
Beta-carotene
Silymarin
Alpha-lipoic acid
Coenzyme Q10
Curcumin
Other natural antioxidants with hepatoprotective effects
Synthetic hepatoprotectors with antioxidant activity
Pentoxiyfylline
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
Conclusion
References
Plant extracts with putative hepatoprotective activity
Introduction
Conclusion
References
Plant extracts with putative hepatotoxicity activity
Introduction
General concepts of hepatotoxicity
Types of hepatotoxicity
Idiosyncratic form of liver injury
Intrinsic form of liver injury
Causes of hepatotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity induced by drugs
Hepatotoxicity induced by viruses
Mechanisms of hepatotoxicity
Bile acid accumulation
Activation of parenchymal cells
Activation of nonparenchymal cells
Hepatotoxicity induced by plant extracts and mushrooms
Atractylis gummifera L.
Morinda citrifolia L.
Camellia sinensis L.
Aloe vera L.
Teucrium chamaedrys L.
Chelidonium majus L.
Piper methysticum G. Forst
Larrea tridentata (Sess. & Moc. ex DC.) Cov.
Mentha pulegium L.
Amanita phalloides (Vaill. ex Fr.: Fr.)
Viscum album L.
Xanthium strumarium L.
Scutellaria biacalensis Georgi
Callilepis laureola DC.
Valeriana officinalis L.
Hypericum perforatum L.
Cascara sagrada DC.
Cassia acutifolia Delile
Actaea racemosa L.
Echinaceae purpurea L.
Conclusion
Acknowledgments
References
Index
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