دانلود کتاب Interactions Between Global Climate Subsystems the Legacy of Hann

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Geophysical Monograph Series......Page 1
GEOPHYSICAL MONOGRAPH SERIES......Page 2
Interactions BetweenGlobal Climate Subsystems......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 7
PREFACE......Page 8
FOREWORD......Page 10
THE HANDBOOK OF CLIMATOLOGY......Page 11
DATA SMOOTHING......Page 12
EARLY THOUGHTS ON TELECONNECTIONS......Page 13
The paper comprises two parts:......Page 14
REFERENCES......Page 16
II. HEAT AND WATER BUDGETS AT THE EARTH'S SURFACE......Page 18
IV. ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION AND 3 D-PROCESSES......Page 22
V. DISCUSSION: THE ROLE OF WATER VAPOUR IN CLIMATE AND CLIMATIC CHANGE......Page 26
SELECTED REFERENCES......Page 28
INTRODUCTION......Page 30
LIMITATIONS OF THE DIFFERENTIALCONSERVATION PRINCIPLE......Page 31
THE SURFACE ENERGY BALANCE......Page 32
WATER BALANCE......Page 33
APPENDIX A: THE ENERGY BALANCE EQUATION- HISTORICAL REMARKS......Page 34
REFERENCES......Page 37
THEORETICAL BACKGROUND......Page 38
ENERGY PARTITIONING ACCORDING TO THE CROPMICROMETEOROLOGICAL SIMULATION MODEL......Page 39
SIMULATION EXPERIMENTS......Page 40
CONSEQUENCES......Page 42
REFERENCES......Page 43
INTRODUCTION......Page 44
THE BASIC POOLS AND FLUXES OF THEGLOBAL CARBON CYCLE......Page 47
Net Primary Productivity......Page 52
Litter Depletion......Page 53
MODEL RESULTS......Page 55
REFERENCES......Page 59
INTRODUCTION......Page 61
Computations......Page 62
Vertical Structure of the Diurnal Variations......Page 64
DIURNAL VARIATIONS IN THE 12 HR WATER VAPORBUDGET COMPONENTS......Page 67
Calculation of Amplitude and Phase......Page 69
CONCLUSIONS......Page 70
REFERENCES......Page 71
INTRODUCTION......Page 72
OCEAN HEAT TRANSPORT ACROSS 24°N......Page 73
MECHANISMS OF OCEAN HEAT TRANSPORT......Page 76
FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR OCEAN HEATTRANSPORT DETERMINATIONS......Page 79
REFERENCES......Page 81
OCEAN FRESHWATER TRANSPORTS......Page 83
INTERBASIN EXCHANGES......Page 84
THE OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE SYSTEM......Page 86
DIRECT OCEAN ESTIMATES......Page 87
SUMMARY......Page 89
REFERENCES......Page 90
CARBON AND NITROGEN BUDGETS......Page 91
ROLE OF DOC......Page 93
REGENERATION OF CO2 FROM BIOGENIC DEBRIS......Page 94
NITROUS OXIDE CYCLING......Page 96
REFERENCES......Page 97
INTRODUCTION......Page 99
GLOBAL ENERGY BALANCE ARCHIVE GEBA......Page 100
GLOBAL RADIATION......Page 102
ALBEDO OF THE EARTH'S SURFACE......Page 105
LONGWAVE RADIATION AND RADIATION BALANCE......Page 114
REFERENCES......Page 115
The Quasi-Biennial Oscillation......Page 117
The Southern Oscillation. Volcanic eruptions......Page 118
The 10-12 Year Oscillation......Page 120
Conclusion......Page 126
References......Page 128
VARIATIONS ON TIME SCALES UP TO MONTHS......Page 129
CONCLUSIONS......Page 133
REFERENCES......Page 134
Energetic Particle Influenceson NO and Ozone in the Middle Atmosphere......Page 136
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 145
2.1 Length-of-Day......Page 147
3. INTERANNUAL LOD VARIATION AND ITS RELATION TO THE ENSOAND QBO PHENOMENA......Page 148
4. CASE STUDY OF TILE 1982-83 ENSO EVENT......Page 151
5. HISTORICAL STUDY OF INTERANNUAL LOD VARIATIONS......Page 154
6. SUMMARY......Page 155
REFERENCES......Page 157