دانلود کتاب International Commercial Litigation

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Cover
Half title
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents—Summary
Contents—Detailed
Table of Cases
Table of Legislation
Table of Principal Works Cited
Abbreviations
I Introduction
1. Introduction
I. Legal Risk and Commercial Disputes
II. The Anatomy of Risk
A. Species of legal risk
B. Risk, opportunity, and uncertainty
III. Concepts and Context
A. The practical context
B. The dynamics of multistate litigation
C. Objectives of legal regulation
D. Objectives of English law
E. Principles of English law
F. Tensions in English law
G. Legal risk in English law
H. The conceptual structure of the EU regime
I. English law and EU law
IV. Costs in International Commercial Litigation
V. Future Developments
VI. The Enquiry
A. Scope
B. Assumptions
C. Structure
II Legal Risk And MUltistate Litigation
2. Managing Litigation Risk
I. Litigation Risk
II. Dispute-resolution Clauses
A. The anatomy of dispute-resolution clauses
B. Commercial dispute-resolution clauses
III. The Legal Role of Jurisdiction Agreements
A. Five regimes
B. The Hague Convention
C. Agreements designating EU courts
D. Agreements designating non-EU courts
IV. The Interpretation of Jurisdiction Agreements
A. The applicable law
B. Principles of interpretation
C. The scope of jurisdiction agreements
D. The effect of the agreement
V. Enforceable Jurisdiction Agreements
A. Agreements designating EU courts: Brussels I bis
B. Agreements designating EU courts: Brussels I
C. Agreements designating non-EU courts
D. The incorporation of jurisdiction agreements
VI. Enforceability and Asymmetric Agreements
A. Summary
B. Context
C. Effectiveness and Article 25
D. Asymmetric agreements beyond Brussels I bis
E. Hybrid jurisdiction/arbitration clauses
VII. Enforceability Against Third Parties
A. Litigation risk and privity
B. Third parties as constructive parties
C. A non-contractual solution: independent consent
D. Unanswered questions
VIII. The Risk of Pre-emptive Proceedings
A. Nature of the risk
B. Pre-emptive proceedings in a non-EU state
C. Pre-emptive proceedings in an EU state
IX. Discretionary Non-enforcement
A. Discretion and risk
B. Legal framework
C. Discretion and the Hague Convention
D. Discretion in English law
X. Collateral Enforcement
A. Damages against a pre-emptive claimant
B. Damages against a claimant’s advisers
C. Indemnity clauses
D. Waiver clauses
3. Managing Transaction Risk
I. The Anatomy of Transaction Risk
A. Ineffective transactions
B. Ineffective governing law clauses
II. The European Regime
III. Negotiation Risk
IV. Formation Risk
V. Counterparty Risk
A. Introduction
B. Counterparty risks
VI. Initial Performance Risk
A. Two risks
B. Types of initial risk
C. Compliance with the mandatory laws of the forum
D. Compliance with the public policy of the forum
E. Compliance with the law of the place of performance
F. Compliance with the most connected law
G. Compliance with the proprietary law
VII. Supervening Performance Risk
A. Nature of the risk
B. Limits to supervening performance risk
C. Legal change in the contractual law
D. Legal change to a counterparty’s status
E. Legal change in the place of performance
F. Forced transfer of rights and obligations
VIII. Performance Risk and Pre-Regulation Contracts
IX. Recharacterization Risk
A. Adverse recharacterization
B. Characterizing an issue
C. Characterizing a transaction
III Liability And Recovery In Multistate Litigation
4. The Dynamics of Choice of Law
I. Risk, Practice, and the Conflicts Process
II. The Conflicts Process
III. Mandatory Application of the Forum’s Law
A. The local law of the forum
B. The province of local law: procedure
C. Overriding local rules
D. Overriding local norms: public policy
IV. Voluntary Reliance on Foreign Law
V. Allocation to a Choice-of-Law Regime: Characterization
A. General principles
B. Characterization in the EU regimes
VI. The Concept of the Applicable Law: Renvoi
A. Renvoi in practice
B. Renvoi in principle
5. The Laws Governing Multistate Transactions
I. Introduction
A. Transactions in litigation
B. The European regime
II. The Law Governing Contractual Issues
A. Generic and specific contracts
B. The scope of the contractual law
C. Transaction risk
D. Defining the contractual law
E. Identifying the contractual law
F. Express choice of the contractual law
G. Implied choice of the contractual law
H. Procedural choice of the contractual law
I. The contractual law in the absence of choice
J. The law governing related contracts
K. The law governing pre-Regulation contracts
III. The Law Governing Transfers of Title
A. Connecting factors
B. Title to tangible movables
IV. The Law Governing the Assignment of Debts
A. The risk of ineffective assignments
B. The EU regime
C. The Article 14 framework
D. Article 14 and complex transactions
E. Future developments
6. The Laws Governing Recovery
I. Transaction Loss
II. Concurrent Claims
III. Full Value Recovery
A. Costs, currency risk, and interest
B. Costs and net recovery
C. Interest and cross-border claims
D. Judgment in the currency of loss
IV. Contractual Recovery
V. Non-Contractual Recovery: Tort and Culpa in Contrahendo
A. Two regimes
B. The 1995 Act
C. Introduction to Rome II
D. The primary rule: party autonomy
E. The default rules in tort
F. Culpa in Contrahendo
VI. Non-Contractual Recovery: Restitution
VII. Non-Recovery: Exemption Clauses
IV Commencing And Preventing Proceedings
7. Strategic Choices
I. Strategy and Litigation
II. Investment, Settlement, and Litigation
III. The Legitimacy of Forum Shopping
IV. A Claimant’s Choices
A. The decision to claim
B. The choice of cause of action
C. The choice of legal mode
D. The choice of forum
V. A Defendant’s Choices
VI. The Legal Framework of Forum Selection
A. Procedural and substantive issues
B. International civil procedure
C. The substantive law in transnational proceedings
8. The Framework of Jurisdiction
I. Two Regimes
II. The Framework of the European regime
A. The European regime in commercial disputes
B. Principles governing the EU regime
III. The Framework of English National Law
A. Introduction to the English law model
B. Defendants in England and Wales
C. Defendants outside England and Wales
IV. Effecting Service
A. The significance of service
B. Service in England
C. Service abroad
V. Pervasive Problems in Jurisdiction Disputes
A. Four problems
B. Interlocutory findings in jurisdiction disputes
C. Claims related to a contract
D. Jurisdictional challenges and summary judgment
9. Establishing and Challenging Jurisdiction
I. Venue Risk and Corporate Strategy
II. Establishing and Challenging Jurisdiction
A. Two regimes
B. Grounds of jurisdiction
III. Submission to the English Court
A. The European regime
B. English law
IV. Corporate Presence in England
A. Introduction
B. Corporate domicile
C. A place of business
V. Presence of an Agent in England
A. Corporations domiciled in an EU or EFTA state
B. Corporations domiciled in a non-EU, non-EFTA state
VI. Breach of Contract in England
A. Breach by an EU or EFTA-domiciled defendant
B. Breach by non-EU, non-EFTA defendants
VII. Breach of a Contract Subject to English Law
VIII. Claims in Tort Relating to Damage in England
A. EU and EFTA-domiciled defendants
B. Non-EU, non-EFTA defendants
IX. Non-Contractual Claims Relating to a Contract
A. Accessory claims
B. EU and EFTA-domiciled defendants
C. Non-EU, non-EFTA defendants
X. Claims Relating to Property in England
XI. Collateral Claims against Co-Defendants
A. Litigation risk and tactical proceedings
B. EU and EFTA-domiciled co-defendants
C. Non-EU, non-ETFA co-defendants
XII. Collateral Claims against Third Parties
A. EU and EFTA-domiciled third parties
B. Non-EU, non-EFTA third parties
10. Excluded Claims
I. Claims Excluded in Commercial Disputes
II. Non-Justiciable Laws
III. Non-Justiciable Conduct
IV. Immunity of State Defendants
A. The existence of immunity
B. Immunity and state assets
V. Procedural Fairness and Excluded Claims
11. Declining Jurisdiction: The European Regime
I. Introduction
II. One Regime, Three Instruments
III. Objectives of the European Regime
IV. Declining Jurisdiction: Brussels I bis
A. Mechanisms allocating jurisdiction
B. Underlying principles
C. The scope of Articles 29 and 30
D. Seisin defined—Article 32
E. Bundled claims and lis pendens
F. Prior congruent proceedings—Article 29
G. Prior related proceedings—Article 30
12. Declining Jurisdiction: The European Regime and Third States
I. Introduction
II. Declining Jurisdiction: Brussels I bis
A. Introduction to Articles 33 and 34
B. Identical proceedings in a third state
C. Related proceedings in a third state
D. Problems and Uncertainties
III. The Hague Convention
IV. The Residual Role of National Law
A. Introduction
B. The role of national law
V. Declining Jurisdiction: Regulation 44/2001
A. The problem stated
B. The English authorities
VI. Procedural Qualifications to Jurisdiction
A. Abuse of process dismissal
B. Case-management stays
13. Declining Jurisdiction: English National Law
I. Adjudicatory Discretion
A. The appropriate forum
B. A residual discretion
II. The Test of Appropriateness
A. The test established: The Spiliada
B. The test calibrated: VTB Capital
C. The procedural framework
D. Forum conveniens on appeal
E. Terms and undertakings
III. Applying the Test
A. Viable English proceedings
B. An available foreign forum
C. The optimal forum
D. Access to justice
E. The applicable law and the forum conveniens
IV. Problems of Principle
A. Access to justice
B. Comity
C. The limits of interlocutory adjudication
14. Procedural Objections to Proceedings
I. Procedural Objections
II. Dismissal for Abuse of Process
III. Case-Management Stays
A. The power to stay
B. Case management and the
C. Case management and parallel proceedings
D. Case management and exclusive jurisdiction agreements
E. Case management on appeal
F. Case management and the EU jurisdiction regime
G. Case management and access to justice
15. Preclusive Proceedings
I. Preclusive Proceedings
II. The Control of Relitigation
A. Relitigation and estoppel
B. Relitigation and abuse of process
III. Preclusive Declarations
A. Strategy and preclusive declarations
B. Preclusive foreign proceedings
C. Preclusive English proceedings
16. Restraining Foreign Proceedings
I. Elements of Relief
A. Objectives
B. Types of anti-suit injunction
C. Conceptual basis
D. Effectiveness
E. The application for relief
F. The scope of appeal
G. Anti-suit injunctions and costs
H. Terminology and concepts
I. Three requirements
II. Jurisdiction to Grant Relief
III. Grounds for Relief
A. Injustice as the measure
B. Substantive and procedural rights
IV. Protecting Substantive Rights
A. The right to the agreed venue
B. The right to the governing law
V. Protecting Procedural Rights
A. Types of unconscionable conduct
B. Due process in English proceedings
C. Denial of justice in the foreign court
VI. Discretion to Grant Relief
A. Importance of the discretionary stage
B. Injustice to the respondent
C. Compliance with comity
VII. Anti-suit Injunctions and EU Law
A. No mandatory relief
B. Injunctions within the EU
C. The scope of Turner
D. Anti-suit injunctions and Brussels I bis
VIII. Anti-suit Injunctions in Principle
A. Underlying principles
B. Possible challenges
V Effective Enforcement
17. Preserving Judgment Assets
I. Risk Assessment and the Preservation of Assets
A. Enforcement risk
B. Litigation risk
II. Orders Preserving Assets
A. Freezing and disclosure orders
B. Receivership orders
C. Pre-and post-judgment orders
D. Orders affecting third parties
III. The Elements of Relief
A. The legal framework
B. Underlying principles
C. The definition of assets
D. Obtaining and challenging relief
E. The effectiveness of relief
F. Protecting defendants and third parties
IV. International Freezing Injunctions
A. The foreign element
B. Jurisdiction
V. Preserving Foreign Assets
A. Obtaining relief
B. Exporting the injunction
C. Domestic sanctions: contempt of court
VI. The Disclosure of Foreign Assets
A. The importance of disclosure
B. Obtaining disclosure
C. Disclosure and new proceedings
D. Disclosure ancillary to foreign proceedings
E. Disclosure and foreign assets
F. Disclosure from third parties
VII. Injunctions Collateral to Foreign Proceedings
A. Problems of analysis
B. The legal framework: judicial proceedings
C. The legal framework: arbitration
D. Collateral relief and foreign assets
E. A five-stage test
F. Service of the claim
G. Relief otherwise available
H. Section 25 jurisdiction
I. Section 25 discretion
J. Residual discretion
VIII. Preserving Assets in the European Judicial Area
A. The framework
B. Post-judgment relief
C. Pre-judgment relief
D. Measures within Article 35
E. Article 35 and foreign assets
F. Article 35 and unspecified assets
G. Article 35 and national law
H. Enforcement against foreign assets
I. The European Account Preservation Order
IX. Third Party Freezing Orders
A. Species of third party order
B. Chabra orders
C. Thai Lignite orders
D. Third parties and state immunity
E. The assets of wholly owned companies
18. Enforcing Judgment Debts
I. Enforcement Risk
II. Enforcing English Judgments
III. Enforcing Foreign Judgments: Introduction
IV. Enforcing Foreign Judgments: The Statutory Regime
V. Enforcing Foreign Judgments: The Common Law Regime
A. Procedure for enforcement
B. Conditions for enforcement
C. Defences to enforcement
VI. Enforcing Foreign Judgments: The European Regimes
A. Introduction
B. Brussels I bis
C. Brussels I and the Lugano Convention
VI The Conduct Of Proceedings
19. Procedure, Costs, and Evidence in Multistate Disputes
I. Procedures Regulating Multistate Disputes
II. The Recovery of Costs in Multistate Disputes
A. Costs, venue, and risk
B. Costs in English law
III. Obtaining Evidence Abroad
A. Foreign evidence in practice
B. Foreign evidence in principle
C. Obtaining evidence in EU states
D. Obtaining evidence in non-EU states
E. Foreign blocking statutes
20. The Proof of Foreign Law
I. The Practical Context
II. Legal Risk and Foreign Law
III. Establishing Foreign Law
A. Expert evidence
B. Alternative approaches
IV. Foreign Law on Appeal
A. General principles
B. Statutory appeals on issues of law
V. Foreign Law and the Construction of Documents
VI. Foreign Law in Interlocutory Proceedings
A. The problem of limited evidence
B. Solutions
VII. Failure to Establish Foreign Law
A. The default rule
B. Shaker v Al-Bedrawi
C. The scope of the default rule
VIII. Problems of Principle
A. Introduction
B. The court’s objective
C. The legal status of foreign law
Index