دانلود کتاب Introduction to Environment, Biodiversity and Climate Change

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Cover\nHalf Title\nTitle Page\nCopyright Page\nDedication Page\nPreface\nTable of Contents\nAbbreviations\nAbout the Author\nChapter 1| Environment\n 1.1 Man and Environment\n 1.2 Environments in Nature\n 1.3 Racial Development Theories\n 1.4 World Environmental Day (WED)\n 1.4.1 Environmental Main Issues\n 1.5 Environmental Protection Act\n 1.6 Ecosystems\n 1.7 Autotrophs and Heterotrophs\n 1.8 Components of an Ecosystem\n 1.9 Ecology\n 1.9.1 Types of Ecosystems\n 1.10 Types of Climax\n 1.11 Food Chain\n 1.12 Trophic Levels\n 1.13 Food Webs\n 1.14 Ecological Pyramids\nChapter 2| Biological Environment of Sea\n 2.1 Marine Environment\n 2.2 Marine Biosphere\n 2.3 Marine Environment Classifications\n 2.4 Sea Life\n 2.5 Populations of the Sea\n 2.6 Animal Populations of the Sea\n 2.7 B – Vertebrates\n 2.8 Phytoplankton in Relation to Marine Environment\n 2.9 Factors of Phytoplankton Reproduction\n 2.10 Marine Organisms\n 2.11 The Nitrogen Cycle\n 2.12 Ecological Groups of Marine Animals\n 2.13 Organic Production in the Sea\n 2.14 Plant Nutrient Consumption as an Index of Organic Production\n 2.15 Oxygen Production and Consumption as an Index of Organic Production\n 2.16 Zooplankton Production\n 2.17 Marine Biosphere Atmosphere Interaction\nChapter 3| Natural Resources\n 3.1 Natural Resources-(A) Land Resources\n 3.1.1 Soil\n 3.2 Minerals\n 3.3 Soil Survey and Mapping\n 3.4 Soil Testing (Practical)\n 3.5 Land Utilization\n 3.6 Agriculture\n 3.7 Definition of Terms used in Land Utilization Statistics\n 3.8 Soil Erosion\n 3.9 Soil Fertility\n 3.10 Natural Resources – (B) Water Resources\n 3.10.1 Hydrology\n 3.11 World’s Water\n 3.12 Surface Water Resources Estimates for India\n 3.13 Groundwater Resources\n 3.14 Utilization of Water Resources\n 3.15 Cryosphere or Ice Sphere\n 3.16 Water Uses\nChapter 4| Environmental Degradation and Protection\n 4.1 Disaster Management\n 4.1.1 Mitigation\n 4.1.2 Climate Disasters\n 4.2 The National Environment Appellate Authority Act 1997\n 4.3 World Environmental Day 5th June\n 4.4 Environmental Issues\n 4.5 Environmental Degradation\n 4.5.1 Air Pollution Control Boards\n 4.6 Environmental Hazards\n 4.6.1 Types of Hazards/Disasters Natural or Man-made\n 4.6.2 The Chemical Weapons and Weapons of Mass Destruction\n 4.6.3 Prohibition of Chemical Weapons\n 4.6.4 Prohibition Relating to Weapons of Mass Destruction\n 4.6.5 IPCC (Inter Governmental Panel on Climate Change)\n 4.7 Industrial Chemical Wastes and Toxic Chemicals\n 4.7.1 Some Toxic Chemicals\n 4.7.2 National Authority\nChapter 5| The Atmosphere\n 5.1 Composition of the Atmosphere\n 5.2 Atmospheric Heat Process\n 5.3 The Vertical Structure of the Atmosphere based on Temperature\n 5.4 The Sun\nChapter 6| The Oceans\n 6.1 Composition of Sea Water\n 6.2 The Exchange of Earth Materials between Sea and Atmosphere\n 6.3 The Cryosphere\n 6.3.1 Sea Icing\n 6.4 Some Physical Properties of Sea Water\n 6.5 Energy Exchange Processes between Sea and Atmosphere Interface\n 6.6 Ocean Currents\n 6.7 Motion of the Sea and the Effect of Wind on Ocean Currents\n 6.8 Ocean Currents caused by Density Differences\n 6.9 Some Ocean Currents\n 6.10 Indian Ocean Currents\n 6.11 Some Definitions and Explanation of Terms\n 6.12 Geophysical Properties of Oceans and Earth\n 6.13 Major Oceans\n 6.14 Sea Floor Features\n 6.14.1 Basin\nChapter 7| Soils\n 7.1 Soil Erosion Types\n 7.1.1 Mechanism of Erosion\n 7.1.2 Factors Influencing Erosion\n 7.2 Soil and Water Conservation Measures\n 7.2.1 Soil and Water Conservation on Agricultural Land\n 7.3 Erosion Control-Mechanical Measures\n 7.3.1 Soil Types\n 7.3.2 Desert and Desertification\n 7.4 Interior Structure of the Earth\n 7.5 Plate Tectonics\n 7.6 Seismicity of India\nChapter 8| Environmental Pollution\n 8.1 Air Pollution\n 8.2 pH Value\n 8.3 Pollutions Standard Index\n 8.3.1 Hazards of Nuclear Fall-out\n 8.3.2 Nuclear Energy and Radiation Hazards\n 8.4 Carbon and its Compounds\n 8.5 Sulphur (S)\n 8.6 Atmospheric Nitrogen and its Compounds\n 8.7 Ozone (O3)\n 8.8 Elementary Ways of Pollution Control\n 8.9 Acid Rain\n 8.10 BAPMoN\n 8.11 SMOG\n 8.12 Toxic Air Pollutants\n 8.13 Dispersal of Air Pollutants\n 8.14 Methods of Estimation of Particulate Matter in Air\n 8.15 Global Warming Effects\n 8.16 Solid Wastes\n 8.17 Fire Services (Prevention, Control and Forecasting)\nChapter 9| Water and its Pollutions\n 9.1 The Water Pollution Act 1974\n 9.2 Global and India Water uses\n 9.3 Functions of Central/State Water Pollution Control Boards\n 9.4 Prohibition on use of Stream or Well for Disposal of Polluting Substances/Matter\n 9.5 Emergency Measures in Case of Pollutions of Stream or Well\n 9.6 Rivers in India\n 9.7 Hydrological Cycle\n 9.8 Water Resources\n 9.9 Hardness of Water\n 9.10 Drinking Water\nChapter 10| Forests\n 10.1 Definition\n 10.2 Forests in India\n 10.3 Forest Policy\n 10.4 Forests and Man\n 10.5 Indian Forest Organization\n 10.5.1 Main Forest Products\n 10.6 ICFRE (Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education) HQ Dehradun\n 10.7 Forest Fires\n 10.8 Forest\n 10.9 Coral Reefs\n 10.10 The Indian Forest Act 1927\n 10.11 Reserved Forest\n 10.11.1 Acts Prohibited in Reserve Forest Area\n 10.11.2 Forest Conservation Act 1980\n 10.12 Forest Products\n 10.13 Danger due to Deforestation\nChapter 11| The Biodiversity\n 11.1 The Bio-Diversity Act 2002\n 11.2 The National Green Tribunal Act 2010\n 11.3 Biodiversity\n 11.4 Coastal and Marine Biodiversity\n 11.5 Wild Life\n 11.5.1 The Variety of Fauna in India\n 11.5.2 Human Population Growth\n 11.5.3 The Present Environmental Issues\n 11.5.4 Biological Diversity Under Stress\n 11.5.5 Variety of Fauna in India\n 11.5.6 Coastal and Marine Bio-diversity\n 11.5.7 The Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972\n 11.5.8 The National Board for Wild Life\n 11.5.9 State Boards for Wild Life\n 11.6 Biogeographic Zones in India\n 11.7 The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991\n 11.8 Sustainable Development\nChapter 12| The Climate-Role of Ocean in Climate Fluctuations\n 12.1 Worlds Land Utilization (1990)\n 12.1.1 Climate\n 12.2 Climatology\n 12.3 Climate of India\n 12.4 The Role of Ocean in Climate Fluctuation\n 12.4.1 Role Factors (Importance) of Ocean in Climate Variability\n 12.5 Present and Past Radioactivity of the Earth\n 12.6 Climatic Controls\n 12.7 Components of Climate System\n 12.8 Climate System or Earth System\n 12.8.1 Extinction of Dinosaurs on the Earth\n 12.8.2 Climate Change\n 12.8.3 Disaster (Measurement) Management System-Instruments\n 12.8.4 Environ Automatic Weather Station\n 12.9 Role Factors (Importance) of Ocean in Climate Variability\n 12.10 The Earth-Atmospheric System\n 12.11 Climate over Earth History\n 12.11.1 Annual Carbon Fluxes in the Earth Atmosphere System\n 12.12 The Evolution of the Earth’s Atmosphere\n 12.13 Climate during Geological Cretaceous Period of Earthwarm Epoch 135-180 MY Ago\n 12.14 Geological Time Scale\n 12.15 Milankovitch Cycles\n 12.16 Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture\n 12.16.1 Agroclimatology\n 12.16.2 Topoclimatology\nChapter 13| International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme IGBP-1989\n 13.1 The Linkages of General Circulation Models (GCM) with Ecosystem Models\n 13.2 Global Changes of the Past\n 13.3 Law of the Sea\n 13.3.1 The Role of Ocean in Climate Variability\nChapter 14| Modern Aids of Communication and Detection\n 14.1 Radio Spectrum\n 14.2 Satellite Communication\n 14.2.1 Radar\n 14.3 Satellite Meteorology\n 14.3.1 Satellite Pay Loads, TV Camera\n 14.3.2 Remote Sensing\n 14.3.3 Geostationary Satellites\n 14.3.4 IMDPS (INSAT Meteorological Data Processing System)\n 14.4 Global Positioning System\n 14.4.1 Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS)\n 14.4.2 GAGAN (GPS Aided geo Augmented Navigation)\n 14.4.3 IRS Applications\n 14.4.4 Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)\n 14.4.5 Satellite Measurements of Ocean Parameters Routinely\n 14.4.6 GSAT-17 Communication Satellite\n 14.4.7 Cartostat-series\n 14.4.8 Satellite Navigation (Sat Nav)\n 14.4.9 UN Indirect Satellite Imagery for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNISDR) Model\n 14.5 Geophysical Information System (GIS)\n 14.5.1 Some Applications of GIS\nChapter 15| Energy\n 15.1 Different Forms of Energy\n 15.2 Energy Resources\n 15.3 Fossil Fuels\n 15.4 Petroleum Refining\n 15.4.1 Petroleum Refining Products\n 15.4.2 Petroleum Resources\n 15.5 Mineral Wealth of India\n 15.6 Metallurgy\n 15.7 Metal Extraction Furnaces\nIndex