دانلود کتاب Language Acquisition Studies in Generative Grammar: Papers in Honor of Kenneth Wexler from the 1991 GLOW Workshops

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LANGUAGE ACQUISITION STUDIES IN GENERATIVE GRAMMAR......Page 2
Editorial page......Page 3
Title page ......Page 4
Copyright page ......Page 5
Table of contents ......Page 6
Tables and Figures......Page 8
Abbreviations......Page 10
Contributors......Page 12
1. Introductory Remarks......Page 14
2. Overview of Papers......Page 16
References ......Page 30
1. Introduction......Page 34
2. Verb Second......Page 36
3. Null Arguments......Page 43
4. A Learnability Argument for COMP......Page 51
4.1 V-to-C in Icelandic Child Language......Page 54
5. Concluding Remarks......Page 56
Notes......Page 59
References......Page 63
1. Background ......Page 70
2.1. Negation in English and French Acquisition......Page 73
2.2. Subjects in English and French Acquisition......Page 77
2.3. Comparative German Acquisition......Page 79
3.1. Evidence from Swedish......Page 84
3.2. Evidence from French......Page 85
3.3. Evidence from English......Page 86
3.4. U-shaped Development......Page 87
4.1. An Economy Account......Page 88
4.2. Empty Auxiliaries......Page 89
4.3. Distinctions in Parameter Setting......Page 90
Notes......Page 93
References......Page 94
1. Introduction......Page 98
2.1. Theories of Phrase Structure Development......Page 99
2.2. Assumptions on Phrase Structure Positions......Page 102
2.3. Assumptions on the Developmental Relation between Case Marking and Phrase Structure ......Page 103
3.1. Case Morphology......Page 105
3.2. Phrase Structure......Page 106
4.1. Hypotheses......Page 107
4.2. Data......Page 108
4.4. The Acquisition of the Prenominal Genitive......Page 109
4.5. The Prenominal Genitive and the Structure of Noun Phrases......Page 111
4.6. The Acquisition of Accusative and Dative......Page 117
5. Case Marking and Phrase Structure in Adult Finnish......Page 121
6.1. Hypotheses......Page 123
6.2. Results......Page 124
7. Summary and Conclusion......Page 125
Notes......Page 126
References......Page 129
1.1. Three Types of Categories......Page 132
1.2. Functional Categories: The acquisitional debate ......Page 134
2.1. Some Properties of Dutch Syntax......Page 137
2.2.1. Two Negatives and Their Distrib ution......Page 138
2.2.2. Finite and Nonfinite Clauses......Page 139
2.2.3. Modals......Page 142
2.4. The Syntactic Representation of Negative Modals ......Page 145
3. Scrambling and Subscrambling......Page 147
3.1. Scrambling in the Adult System......Page 148
3.2. The Development of Scrambling......Page 150
3.3. The Phenomenon of Subscrambling......Page 152
4. Two Speculative Other Examples......Page 155
4.1. Degree Extractions......Page 156
4.2. Embedded Clauses......Page 157
Notes......Page 158
References......Page 159
1. Introduction......Page 164
2. Some Structural Properties of Early Null Subjects......Page 165
3. Subject Drop in Diaries......Page 168
4. Topic Drop......Page 170
5. Null Constants......Page 171
6. Discourse Identified Null Elements Revisited......Page 173
7. Cross-linguistic Variation and Developmental Sequence......Page 175
8. Speculations on Developmental Correlations......Page 177
9. Root Expletive Subjects......Page 180
Acknowledgements......Page 182
Notes......Page 183
References......Page 186
1. Preliminaries......Page 190
2. The Data: Early Root Constituent Questions in German and Bernese ......Page 196
3.1. Preliminaries......Page 204
3.2. The 'Inverted' Structures......Page 205
3.3. The V-end Structures......Page 211
3.4. On Dummy Copula Constructions......Page 213
4. Relating the Analysis to the Proposed Solutions......Page 214
Notes......Page 218
References......Page 221
1. Introduction......Page 228
1.1. Evidence in Favor of Successive Cyclic Movement......Page 230
1.2. Evidence against Successive Cyclic Movement ......Page 235
1.2.1. The No Movement Stage......Page 236
1.2.2. The Local Movement Stage......Page 240
2. The Experiments: Testing Between the Comp eting Accounts......Page 243
2.1. Experiment 1: Elicitation of Adjunct Extraction Qu estions......Page 244
2.1.1.2. Materials......Page 245
2.1.2. Results......Page 247
22.1.1. Subjects......Page 249
2.2.1.2. Materials......Page 250
2.2.2. Results......Page 252
2.3. Experiment 3. Interpretation of Long-Distance Questions......Page 255
2.3.2. Results......Page 256
2.4.1.2. Materials......Page 257
2.4.2. Results......Page 259
3. Conclusion......Page 261
Notes......Page 262
References......Page 264
1. Introduction......Page 266
2. Production Data......Page 268
3.1. Linguistic Background......Page 269
3.2. Method......Page 270
3.3. Results......Page 271
4. Young Children's Case Marking......Page 272
5. Conclusion......Page 273
Appendix......Page 274
Acknowledgements......Page 275
Notes......Page 276
References......Page 277
1.1.1. Adult Access to UG......Page 278
1.1.2. The Weak Continuity Approach......Page 280
1.2.1. Word Order in the VP......Page 281
1.2.3. Empty Subjects......Page 283
2.1. Data Collection......Page 284
2.2. Preliminary Analysis of the Data......Page 286
3.1. The Implicational Table......Page 288
3.2. The Implicational Scale and the Developmental Stages......Page 292
4.1. The First Stage: The VP Stage......Page 293
4.2. The Third Stage: The AGRP Stage......Page 298
4.3.1. Verb Raising and Agreement......Page 301
4.3.2. Empty Subjects......Page 304
5. Discussion......Page 306
Notes......Page 320
References......Page 326
1. Introduction......Page 330
2. Clause Structure in Turkish and German......Page 334
3. Mechanisms for Nominative Case Checking......Page 338
4.1. The Subject......Page 345
4.2. The Corpus......Page 346
4.3. The Interlanguage Developmental Path......Page 347
4.3.1. Stage 1 (22 October 1982 to 10 February 1983) ......Page 348
4.3.2. Stage 2 (9 June 1983 through 16 May 1984)......Page 349
4.3.3. Stage 3 (5 August 1984)......Page 351
4.3.4. Summary of the Stages......Page 352
5.1. Stage 1......Page 353
5.2. Stage 2......Page 356
5.3. Stage 3......Page 359
6. Speculations on Etiology and Learnability in Adult L2A......Page 361
6.1. The Etiology of Stage 1......Page 363
6.2. The Etiology of Stage 2......Page 365
6.3. The Etiology of Stage 3......Page 368
7. Conclusion......Page 372
Notes......Page 374
References......Page 377
1. Introduction......Page 382
2. "If the Verb Can Move, It Must Move" ......Page 383
3. Features and Values......Page 386
4. 'Optional Inversion' in L2......Page 392
6. The acquisition of tense......Page 393
7. Agreement......Page 394
8. Conclusion......Page 397
Notes......Page 398
References......Page 400
Index of Languages......Page 402
Index of Names......Page 404
Index of Subjects......Page 412