دانلود کتاب Language Change in East Asia

فهرست مطالب :

Cover
Half Title
Ttile Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
A Note on Transcription
Chinese
Korean
Japanese
Introduction
I:
Dialect Studies
Chapter One.
Changing Attitudes: Dialects versus the Standard Language in Japan
Notes
References
II:
Sociolinguistics
Chapter Two.
Change in Korean Honorifics Reflecting Social Change
1. Introduction
2. The Korean honorific system
2.1. Honorification by suppletion
2.2. Honorification by verbal suffixation
3. Linguistic change reflecting social change
4. Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter Three.
The Changing Use of Honorifics in Japanese Literary Texts
1. Introduction
2. Honorifics
2.1. Organisation of the Japanese honorific system
2.2. Differences between the LOJ and MJ honorific systems
3. Honorifics in the Genji Monogatari
3.1. Similar-ranked characters and reference
4. Modern Japanese honorific usage
5. Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter Four.
Are Japanese Women Less Feminine Now? A Study of Sentence-Final Forms in Japanese Women\'s Conversation
1. Introduction
2. Method
3. Results
3.1. All-female pairs
3.1.1. Total results
3.1.2.
Individual differences
3.1.3. Age difference
3.2. Sentence-final forms and the addressee\'s gender
3.2.1. Total results
3.2.2. Individual differences
3.2.3.
Addressee\'s gender and the use of sentence-final forms
4. Discussion
5. Conclusion and limitations of the present study
References
III:
Contact Linguistics
Chapter Five.
Multilingualism in Palau: Language Contact with Japanese and English
1. Introduction
2. The background of Palau
3. Methodology
4. Defining the social and linguistic variables
4.1. Ethnicity
4.2. Age
4.3. Education and the mass media
4.4. Language opinions
4.5. Face-to-face interaction and distant contact
4.6. Language abilities in Palauan, Japanese and English
5. Finding One: general characteristics
5.1. Educational background of the subjects
5.2. Ethnicity of the subjects
5.3. Language abilities in Palauan, Japanese and English
5.4. Language opinions
5.5. Language preferences for television
6. Finding Two: social correlates of oral language ability
6.1. Social correlates of oral language ability in Japanese
6.2. Social correlates of oral language ability in English
6.3. Social correlates of oral language ability in Palauan
7. Summary and discussion
Notes
References
Appendix
Chapter Six.
The Asukaike Word List Slat and Pre-Sino-Japanese Phonology
1. Introduction
2. Middle Chinese and Sino-Japanese
2.1. Middle Chinese
2.2. Sino-Japanese
3. Interpretation of the \'text\'
4. EMC reconstructions
4.1.
Character pairs
4.2. Character trios
5. The phonology of Pre-Sino-Japanese
6. Fanqie versus zhiyin
7. Conclusion
Note
References
Newspaper articles
Chapter Seven.
Some Returned Loans: Japanese Loanwords in Taiwan Mandarin
1.
Background
2. Recent Japanese loans in Taiwan Mandarin
2.1. Japanese words entering Chinese as phonetic loans
2.1.1 . Phonetic loans: Kun\'yomi
2.1.2. Phonetic loans: On\'yomi
2.1.3. Phonetic loans: Rômaji
2.1.4. Roman letters in Japanese loans
2.1.5. Loans current in spoken form only
2.2. Japanese words entering Chinese as graphic loans
2.3. Kun \'yomi and a borrowed hiragana in Taiwan Chinese
2.4 . Calques
2.5. Language learning
3. Dictionaries and Japanese loans
4. Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter Eight.
Script \'Borrowing\', Cultural Influence and the Development of the Written Vernacular in East Asia
1. The emergence of vernacular scripts in East Asia
2. Problems
3. Universal and localised tendencies
3.1. The phonographic dialectic
3.2. Other tendencies
4. Relationships between scripts
4.1. The entire written language
4.2. Forms
4.3. Principles of derivation/creation
4.4.
Principles of graphemic analysis
4.5. Principles of
structure
4.6. Styles or \'fonts \'
5. The vernacular revolution
Notes
References
IV:
Grammar and Phonology
Chapter Nine: Principles of Hentai Kanbun Word Order:
Evidence from the Kojiki
1. Introduction
2. The Kojiki
3. Hentai kanbun
3.1. Chinese-type word order
3.2. Anomalous word order
3.3. Previous research on hentai kanbun word order
4. Translation principle
4.1. Reordering
4.2. Complements only
4.3. Only heads move
5. Ambiguity avoidance
5.1. Adjustment
5.2. Ambiguity
6. Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter Ten.
On the Decline of Tense and Aspectin Japanese: Its Theoretical Implications
Abbreviations and symbols
1. Introduction
2. Theoretical background
3. Brief background of Japanese
3.1.
Chronological divisions in Japanese
3.2. Phonological aspects in Old Japanese
4. Perfect markers: ri and tari
4.1. Ri
4.2. Tari
4.3. The development from tari to -ta
5. Perfective aspect markers: tu and nu
5.1. The development oftu and nu
5.2. Ni tari construction
5.3. Tu as past tense
6. Past tense markers: ki and keri
7. Innovation of resultative/progressive construction
8. Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter Eleven. The Grammaticalization of Formal Nouns and Nominalizers in Chinese, Japanese and Korean
1. Introduction
2. Formal nouns and nominalizers - de, no and kes
2.1. The distribution of Chinese de
2.2. The distribution of Japanese no
2.3. The distribution of Korean kes
3. Grammaticalization and the delnolkes paradigm
3.1. Further synchronic and diachronic clues concerning the syntactic identity of de, no and kes
3.2. Grammaticalization and the gradualness of language change
3.3. The grammaticalization of de, no and kes
4. Concluding remarks
Notes
References
Chapter Twelve.
Flapping and Language Change in East Asia
1. Introduction
2. t-irregular predicates in Korean
2.1. Basicfacts
2.2. Previous analyses
3. /t/→/1/ changes in Sino-Korean
3.1. From Old/Middle Chinese to Korean
3.2. Previous analyses
4. The rule of flapping
4.1. Flap [r] in Korean
4.2. A flapping analysis of /t/→/1/ in Korean
5. Concluding remarks
Notes
References
Index