دانلود کتاب Legal Writing and Analysis, Fifth Edition

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Front Matter Editorial Advisors Title Page Copyright Page About Wolters Kluwer Legal & Regulatory U.S. Dedication Summary of Contents Contents Preface Acknowledgments Part One: Lawyers and the Legal Landscape 1. Overview of the Lawyer’s Role I. Writing and a Lawyer’s Roles II. Overview of a Civil Case III. Ethical Duties IV. Legal Citation A. Plagiarism B. When to Cite 2. The Legal System, the Common Law Process, and Kinds of Authority I. The Structure of Court Systems A. The Federal Court System B. State Court Systems II. The Functions of Trial and Appellate Courts A. The Functions of Trial Courts B. The Functions of Appellate Courts III. The Common Law Process A. Stare Decisis B. Holdings C. The Breadth of Holdings D. Holdings Versus Dicta IV. The Weight of Authority A. Primary Authority Versus Secondary Authority B. Mandatory Authority Versus Persuasive Authority C. Other Characteristics Affecting the Persuasive Value of Cases Part Two: Reading and Analyzing the Law 3. Briefing and Synthesizing Cases I. Introduction to Case Briefing II. A Format for Case Briefing III. Synthesizing Cases A. Using Consistent Cases B. Reconciling Seemingly Inconsistent Cases 4. Interpreting Statutes I. Reading Statutes II. Identifying Issues III. Interpreting the Statute’s Language IV. Canons of Construction 5. Forms of Legal Reasoning I. Rule-Based Reasoning II. Analogical Reasoning (Analogizing and Distinguishing Cases) III. Policy-Based Reasoning IV. Principle-Based Reasoning V. Custom-Based Reasoning VI. Inferential Reasoning VII. Narrative Part Three: Writing the Discussion of a Legal Question 6. The Writing Process and Law-Trained Readers I. The Writing Process II. Law-Trained Readers A. Focus on the Reader B. Attention Levels C. Road Maps D. Readers as Commentators E. Judges as Readers F. Law Professors as Readers 7. Large-Scale Organization: Creating an Annotated Outline I. Rule Structures II. Creating an Annotated Outline A. The First Level: The Legal Questions You Have Been Asked to Address B. The Second Level: Governing Rules C. The Next Levels: Filling in the Rules D. Omitting Issues Not in Dispute E. Uncertainty About Which Rule Your Jurisdiction Will Adopt F. Annotating Your Outline 8. Small-Scale Organization: Explaining the Law I. An Overview of the Paradigm for Legal Analysis II. Stating the Conclusion III. Stating the Governing Rule IV. Explaining the Rule: Five Components V. Guidelines for Rule Explanation VI. Organizing a Pure Question of Law 9. Small-Scale Organization: Applying the Law I. Two Approaches to Writing the Application Section II. Content of Rule Application III. Common Trouble Spots in Rule Application Sections IV. Evaluating Your Draft 10. Discussing Multiple Issues: Putting It All Together I. Ordering for Your Reader A. Accounting for Elements Not at Issue B. Selecting an Order for the Remaining Issues II. Umbrella Sections III. The Conclusion IV. Editing Subsection Lengths V. Variations of the Multi-Issue Paradigm 11. Deepening Your Analysis I. Using Policies and Principles in Rule Explanation II. Using Analogical Reasoning in Rule Application A. Deciding Which Similarities and Differences Are Significant B. Choosing a Format for Your Case Comparison III. Using Factual Inferences in Rule Application Part Four: Predictive Writing 12. Writing an Office Memo I. The Function of an Office Memo II. An Overview of the Memo Format III. Drafting the Heading IV. Drafting the Question Presented V. Drafting the Brief Answer VI. Drafting the Fact Statement A. Fact Selection B. Organizing the Fact Statement VII. Drafting the Conclusion VIII. Writing an Email Memo 13. Writing Professional Letters and Emails I. General Characteristics of Professional Letter Writing II. Advice Letters III. Emails Part Five: The Shift to Advocacy 14. Introduction to Brief-Writing I. Ethics and the Advocate’s Craft II. Judges, Briefs, and Persuasion III. The Components of a Trial-Level Brief IV. The Components of an Appellate Brief 15. Questions Presented and Point Headings I. Writing the Question Presented II. Point Headings A. Identifying Point Headings B. Drafting Point Headings C. Editing Point Headings for Readability and Persuasion D. Identifying Subheadings 16. Writing the Argument Section I. Arguments for Different Kinds of Legal Issues A. A Pure Question of Law B. An Issue of Statutory Interpretation C. An Issue of Common Law Case Synthesis D. A Case of First Impression in Your Jurisdiction E. Seeking a Change in the Law F. An Issue Applying Law to Fact II. Honing Your Argument for the Court’s Role A. The Trial Judge B. Appellate Judges and the Appellate Process III. Reminders About Organization IV. Using Case Comparisons to Support Your Argument V. Rebutting Your Opponent’s Arguments VI. Using Legal Theory to Sharpen Your Arguments 17. Standards of Review I. Categories of Trial Court Decisions II. Advocating for a More Favorable Standard of Review III. Conforming Headings to the Standard of Review 18. Writing a Fact Statement I. Fact Ethics, Readers, and the Conventions of Fact Statements A. Fact Ethics B. The Conventions of a Statement of Facts II. Developing a Theory of the Case and Selecting Facts A. Developing a Theory of the Case B. Selecting and Citing to Facts III. Organization A. Formats B. Procedural History IV. Techniques for Persuasion A. General Principles B. Large-Scale Organization C. Paragraph Organization D. Techniques with Sentences E. Other Small-Scale Techniques Statement of Facts on Behalf of Carrolton Statement of Facts on Behalf of Watson Part Six: Style and Formalities 19. Citations and Quotations I. Citation in Legal Writing II. Citation Form A. Using the ALWD Guide to Legal Citation B. Using the Bluebook C. Several Key Concepts D. Introduction to Citation Form E. Matching the Citation to the Text F. Citing with Style and Grace G. Editing Citation Form III. Quotations A. When Quotation Marks Are Required B. Choosing to Use Quotation Marks C. Overquoting D. The Mechanics of Quoting E. Editing Quotations 20. Paragraphs, Sentences, and Style I. Paragraphing II. Choose Strong Subjects and Verbs A. Active Voice B. Nominalizations C. Throat-Clearing D. Sentences Beginning with Forms of “It Is” or “There Is” III. Avoiding Wordiness A. Revise Phrases That Can Be Replaced by a Single Word B. Avoid Legalese C. Avoid Redundancies D. Avoid Intensifiers IV. Other Characteristics of Good Style A. Keeping the Subject and Verb Close Together B. Avoiding Long Sentences C. Unnecessary Variations D. Parallelism V. Gender-Neutral Writing A. Techniques for Nouns: Elimination or Substitution B. Techniques for Pronouns C. Techniques for Proper Names and Titles Part Seven: Oral Advocacy 21. Oral Argument I. The Purpose of Oral Argument II. Formalities and Organization of Oral Argument A. Preliminary Formalities B. The Appellant’s Argument C. Argument of Co-Counsel for the Appellant D. The Appellee’s Argument E. Argument of Co-Counsel for the Appellee F. Concluding the Argument G. Rebuttal III. The Content A. The Standard of Review B. The Burden of Proof C. The Trial-Level Procedural Posture D. Themes IV. Preparation A. The Record B. Outline Your Argument C. Prepare Your Folder D. Script the Entire Opening, the Conclusion, and Your Prepared Rebuttal E. Practice F. Visit the Courtroom V. Handling Questions from the Bench A. Anticipate Questions B. Attitude C. Recognize Types of Questions D. Listen Carefully to the Question E. Clarify the Question F. Begin with a Clear, Direct Answer G. Returning to Your Prepared Presentation H. Handling Questions on Your Co-Counsel’s Issue I. Handling a Question for Which You Do Not Have an Answer J. Agreeing When You Can K. Referring to Earlier Questions or Comments from the Bench VI. Presentation A. Dress B. Body, Hands, and Eyes C. Voice D. References E. Nervousness Appendices Appendix A Sample Office Memorandum Appendix B Sample Trial-Level Brief Appendix C Sample Appellate Brief Appendix D Sample Letters Appendix E Cases Index