دانلود کتاب Life. Death. Immortality.: The Reign of the Genome (The Frontiers Collection)

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Title
Copyright
Epigraph
Preface
About This Book
Contents
Part I Phenomenon of Life
1 Basics
1.1 The Ambiguity of Life
1.2 The Main Feature of the Earth
1.3 The Material Backbone of Life
1.4 The Energy Backbone of Life
1.5 The Nucleic Acid Backbone of Life
1.6 The Protein Backbone of Life
1.7 The Aqueous Backbone of Life
1.8 The Thermodynamic Backbone of Life
1.9 The Catalytic Backbone of Life
1.10 The Systemic Backbone of Life
1.11 Compartmentalization
1.12 The Informational Backbone of Life
1.13 Cellular Life
1.14 Non-cellular Life
1.14.1 Viruses
1.14.2 Cellular-Viral System of Life
1.14.3 Molecular-Genetic Communication
1.14.4 Are Viruses Living Organisms?
1.15 Hidden Life
1.16 Summary
Part II Planetary System of Life
2 The Unified System
2.1 Living Bodies Are the Organizers of the Planetary System of Life
2.2 All Life Comes from Life
2.3 Levels of Organization of Life
2.4 Self-organization and Emergent Properties of Living Systems
2.5 The Illusion of Diversity
2.6 Genomes, Phenomes, and the Planetary System of Life
2.7 Summary
Part III Living Bodies. Individual Life
3 Eukaryotic Cells
3.1 The Main Characteristics of Cells
3.2 The Main Body Parts of Cells
3.2.1 Nucleus—The Site of the Genome
3.2.2 Cytoplasm—The Site of the Phenome
3.2.3 Surface Apparatus and Biological Membranes
3.3 Cellular Nanoconstruction
3.4 Cells and Their Fragments in Vitro
3.5 Why is the Cell Needed?
3.6 Summary
4 Multicellular Organisms
4.1 Cells and Multicellular Organisms
4.2 A Living Organism is the Phenotypic Framework of Its Genome
4.3 Summary
5 General Characteristics of Living Bodies
5.1 Principles of Organization of Living Bodies
5.2 Motion and Activity
5.3 Biological Expediency
5.4 Biological Versatility
5.5 Fractality
5.6 Bioautonomy as the Basis for Independent Existence
5.6.1 Self-Organization
5.6.2 Self-Regulation
5.6.3 Self-Preservation
5.6.4 Self-Repair
5.6.5 Self-Sufficiency
5.6.6 Self-Reproduction
5.6.7 Self-Construction
5.6.8 Homeostasis
5.7 Summary
Part IV The Nature of Vitality in Living Bodies
6 Basic Properties and Functions
6.1 Nutrition and Digestion
6.2 Water Consumption
6.3 Respiration
6.4 Excretion
6.5 Motion
6.6 Reproduction
6.7 Summary
7 Basic Processes and Mechanisms
7.1 Bodies, Processes, Mechanisms, Interactions, States, and Functions
7.2 Enzyme Catalysis
7.3 Transformation of Substances and Energy
7.4 Thermodynamic Mechanisms
7.5 Electrostatic and Electrodynamic Mechanisms
7.6 Quantum Mechanisms
7.7 Informational-Genetic Processes and Mechanisms
7.8 Cytological and Cytogenetic Macroprocesses and Mechanisms
7.9 Intracellular Functional Systems
7.10 Functional Associations of Cells
7.11 Summary
Part V Genesis and Evolution
8 Genesis
8.1 The Probability of Life
8.2 The Main Stages of Phylogenesis
8.2.1 Emergence of the Pattern of Organization of Living Bodies
8.2.2 Emergence of Living Bodies and Individual Life
8.2.3 Emergence of the Planetary System of Life
8.2.4 The Emergence of Death and Immortality
8.3 The Role of Temperature
8.4 Properties of Genomes and Evolution
8.4.1 Heredity
8.4.2 Variation
8.4.3 Natural Selection
8.4.4 Evolution
8.4.5 Co-evolution
8.4.6 Symbiogenesis
8.4.7 Gene Exchange
8.4.8 Bioinfogenesis and Infobiogenesis
8.5 Summary
Part VI Reproduction and Development
9 Self-reproduction of Genomes and Living Bodies
9.1 The Purpose of Reproduction
9.2 Types of Reproduction
9.2.1 Asexual Reproduction
9.2.2 Sexual Reproduction
9.2.3 Gametes as a Transitory Form of Genomes
9.2.4 Gametogenesis is the Process of Transformation of Genomes
9.2.5 Fertilization as Integration of Genomes
9.2.6 The Zygote as the Beginning of a New Life for Genomes
9.3 Division of Cells and Their Genomes
9.3.1 Interphase
9.3.2 Mitosis
9.3.3 Chromosomal Cycle
9.4 Meiosis
9.5 The Role of the Genome in Reproduction
9.6 Transit of Genomes
9.7 Exchange of Living Bodies (and Genomes)
9.8 Reproduction as a Means of Survival for Genomes
9.9 Summary
10 Development or Self-construction
10.1 Genesis and Individual Development
10.2 Growth and Development
10.3 Development Mechanisms in Complex Organisms
10.4 Differentiation
10.5 Summary
Part VII The Inevitability of Death and the Mechanisms of Survival
11 Life Expectancy, Aging, and Death of Living Bodies
11.1 Life Expectancy
11.2 Aging
11.3 Death
11.3.1 Death of Cells
11.3.2 Death of Multicellular Organisms
11.4 The Ambiguity of Death
11.5 Phenotypic Death and Genotypic Immortality
11.6 The Illusion of Death and the Illusion of Life
11.7 The Value and the Price of Individual Life and Death
11.8 Summary
12 Survival Pathways for Living Bodies and Their Genomes
12.1 Maintaining Integrity and Homeostasis: Self-repair
12.2 Reproduction of Genomes
12.3 Adaptation and Evolution
12.4 Hypobiosis and Anabiosis
12.5 The Purpose of the Lives of Individuals
12.6 The Strategy of Monolithic Coexistence
12.7 Summary
Part VIII Power of the Genome
13 Cognitiveness of Living Bodies
13.1 Information and Control Principles
13.2 Informativeness of Matter
13.3 Biothesaurus
13.4 Entropy and Information
13.5 Information and Levels of Development
13.6 Living Computers
13.7 Genetic Information
13.7.1 Basics of Organization and Application
13.7.2 Simultaneous Transformations of Matter and Information
13.7.3 Carriers and Information
13.7.4 Properties and Characteristics of Genetic Information
13.8 Summary
14 Materials, Devices, and Mechanisms of the Genome
14.1 Genome
14.1.1 Repository of Information
14.1.2 Structural and Functional System
14.2 Stem Molecules of Life
14.3 Genetic Material
14.3.1 Chromatin
14.3.2 Chromosomes
14.3.3 Karyotype
14.4 Genes
14.5 Genetic Code
14.6 Expression
14.7 Template Processes. Copying and Cloning
14.8 Functional Systems of Genes
14.9 Directed Genome Rearrangements
14.10 Transgenesis
14.11 Summary
Part IX The Dual Nature of the Phenomenon of Life
15 Living Bodies and the Planetary System
15.1 The Duality of Life
15.2 The Nature of Living Bodies
15.3 The Nature of the Planetary System and the Phenomenon of Life
16 Matter and Information
17 Genomes and Their Bodies
17.1 The Cell is for the Genome
17.2 Dual Unity of Genome and Phenome
17.3 Species of Genomes
17.4 Global Phenome and Global Genome
17.5 Phenotypic and Genotypic Life
17.6 Summary
Part X Immortality
18 Information Constancy
18.1 Time, Space, and Life
18.2 The Emergence and Death of Organisms
18.3 Genomic Cycles
18.4 Info-Genetic Continuity
19 Conclusion: Dictatorship of the Genome
Glossary
Bibliography