دانلود کتاب Linguistic Analysis: From Data to Theory

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Table of contents\nIntroduction\n1. Categories and functions\n 1.1. Different levels of analysis\n 1.2. The theoretical framework: Generative Grammar\n 1.2.1. X-bar (X\') Theory\n 1.2.2. The head-complement parameter\n 1.2.3. Levels of analysis and X\' structure\n 1.2.3.1. The Syntax-Semantics interface: Verb Phrase\n 1.2.3.2. The Syntax-Morphology interface: Inflectional Phrase\n 1.2.3.3. The Syntax-Discourse grammar interface: Complementizer Phrase\n 1.3. Parts-of-speech classification: The concept of category\n 1.3.1. A formal approach to classification\n 1.3.2. The concept of grammaticality\n 1.4. Categories: Typology and formal properties\n 1.5. Categories and syntactic functions\n 1.5.1. Subject function\n 1.5.2. Predicate function\n 1.5.3. Modifier function\n2. The structure of the verb phrase\n 2.1. Predicates, arguments and structural categorization\n 2.2. Argument structure\n 2.2.1. Macro-roles and event structure\n 2.2.2. Mono-argument verbs\n 2.2.3. Two-argument verbs\n 2.2.4. Three-argument verbs\n 2.2.5. Macro-roles and VP structure\n 2.3. Argument roles, event structure and overt syntax\n 2.3.1. Event structure and macro-role of the subject in inflecting and agglutinative languages\n 2.3.2. Event structure and macro-role of the subject in incor-porating languages\n 2.3.3. Event structure and macro-role of the subject in predicate-initial languages\n 2.4. Arguments realized by clauses\n 2.5. Clauses as nouns\n3. Syntactic functions\n 3.1. The relationship between deep roles and surface structure\n 3.2. Deep and structural Cases\n 3.2.1. Correlations and tendencies\n 3.2.2. When structural function is not associated with deep Case: Expletive subjects\n4. The structure of the noun phrase\n 4.1. The internal structure of the NP\n 4.1.1. Elements in Spec,NP\n 4.1.2. Elements in Compl,NP and restrictive noun modifiers\n 4.1.3. When the head is a nominalization\n 4.2. NPs as arguments\n 4.3. The functional area of NP: The determiner phrase (DP)\n 4.4. Noun head modification\n 4.4.1. Adjectival modification\n 4.4.2. The relative clause\n 4.4.2.1. The internal structure of restrictive relative clauses\n 4.4.2.2. Relative clauses from a typological perspective\n 4.4.2.3. Types of relative clauses and their meaning\n5. Adverbial modification\n 5.1. Adverbs and adverbials: Preliminary considerations\n 5.2. Properties and distribution of adverbial modifiers\n 5.3. Structural insertion of adverb phrases\n 5.4. Noun and prepositional phrases with adverbial function\n 5.5. Clausal structures with adverbial function\n 5.5.1. The internal syntax of adverbial clauses\n 5.5.2. The external syntax of adverbial clauses\n6. The sentence as utterance\n 6.1. Discourse grammar and information structure\n 6.2. Speech acts\n 6.3. Information structure in declarative clauses\n 6.3.1. The notion of markedness\n 6.3.2. Given and new in marked and unmarked structures\n 6.4. Focus\n 6.4.1. Focus strategies in typologically different languages\n 6.4.2. Focus as a specificational predicate\n 6.4.3. Focus-prominent languages\n 6.4.4. Syntactic interface: The complex structure of CP\n 6.4.5. Prosodic interface\n 6.5. Topicalization\n 6.5.1. The functions of Topic in discourse\n 6.5.2. Phrasal restrictions on the topicalized constituent\n 6.5.3. Topicalization strategies in typologically different languages\n 6.5.4. Topic-prominent languages\n 6.6. Contrast\n7. Illocutionary force\n 7.1. Types of illocutionary acts\n 7.1.1. Overt performatives\n 7.1.2. Covert performatives\n 7.1.2.1. Formal markers of the covert performative\n 7.1.2.2. Formal markers in the presence of a performative\n 7.2. Illocutionary force and performative structure\n 7.2.1. The distribution of information in different types of sentences\n 7.2.1.1. Requests for information\n 7.2.1.2. Requests for action\n 7.3. Illocutionary force and subordinate clauses\n 7.3.1. Declarative sentences\n 7.3.2. Interrogative sentences\n 7.3.3. Imperative sentences\n 7.4. More on illocutionary acts\n 7.4.1. Performative structure modification\n 7.4.2. Indirect illocutionary acts\nConclusions\nList of languages\nList of abbreviations\nNotes\nReferences\nSubject index\nLanguage index