دانلود کتاب Lobbying and Policymaking: The Public Pursuit of Private Interests

فهرست مطالب :

LOBBYING AND POLICYMAKING - FRONT COVER
LOBBYING AND POLICYMAKING
CONTENTS
TABLES, FIGURES, AND BOXES
PREFACE
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
1 KEY CONCEPTS AND IDEAS
What Do Lobbyists Do?
Key Terms
Types of Lobbyists
Types of Policies
Approach of This Book
Data
Theoretical Rigor and Practical Politics
2 MODELS OF INFLUENCE
Two Models and Two Metaphors
The North American Free Trade Agreement
Competing Models of Group Influence on Policy
Pluralism and Elitism
The Challenge of Exchange Models
Issue Networks
Can We Reject the Exchange or Pluralist Models?
Neopluralism: It All Depends
Interest Groups, Parties, and Political Representation
Summary
3 THE POLICY PROCESS
Making Sense of the Policy Process
Policy Stages and the Study of Group Influence
Energy Policy
The American Jobs Creation Act
The Data Quality Act and the Battle Over Atrazine
The Impact of the Data Quality Act on Regulation
The Battle Over Atrazine
Placing Our Case Studies Within the Policy Stages Framework
The Role of Collective and Private Goods
Summary
4 POLICYMAKING BY REGULATORY AGENCIES
The Breadth of the Regulatory Process
The Role of the Bureaucracy in the Creation of Law
The Relationship Between Oversight Mechanisms and Lobbying
Lobbying Strategies
Case Studies of a Police Patrol and a Fire Alarm
Implementing the Data Quality Act
The Environmental Protection Agency and the Regulation of Perchlorate
Summary
5 INTEREST-GROUP PARTICIPATION, STRATEGIES, AND SUCCESS IN THE REGULATORY PROCESS
Incentives for Lobbying the Bureaucracy
The Frequency and Perceived Importance of Regulatory Lobbying
Perceived Lobbying Success
Strategies for Influencing Regulatory Agencies
Written Comments Concerning a Proposed Rule
Participation in Federal Advisory Committees
Lobbying Congress to Affect Regulatory Agencies
Public Hearings
Regulatory Waivers
Summary
6 LOBBYING ALONE OR COOPERATIVELY
Drug Reimportation
The Death Tax
The Effectiveness of Cooperative Lobbying
Building a Coalition
Benefits of Joining a Coalition
Building a Coalition to Block Policy Change
Costs of Participation in Coalitions and Cooperative Lobbying Efforts
Empirical Issues Concerning Cooperation and Lobbying Success
Summary
7 THE CASE FOR NEOPLURALISM
Limitations of Previous Studies of Lobbying
Concentrating on Campaign Contributions and Roll Call Votes
Examining Single Issues
Studying Only High-Conflict and Highly Visible Issues
Solutions to the Research Problems
Testing Neopluralist Expectations
Policymaking and Lobbying Are Lengthy Processes Involving Multiple Decisions
Major Policy Changes Involve Competitive Lobbying
Government Officials Are Effective Policy Advocates
Political Parties, Ideology, and Elections Constrain Interest-Group Influence
The Power of Inertia
Overcoming the Free Rider Problem
Institutions Matter
What Resources Are Important to Lobbying Success?
Why Do Resources Appear Not to Matter?
Summary
8 EVIDENCE FOR THE EXCHANGE MODEL
The Supply and Demand for Policy Support
The Price Officials Charge
The Price Groups Pay
Enforcing Exchange Agreements
The Resources Interest Organizations Provide Policymakers
Exchanges With Unelected Policymakers
Implications of Exchange Models for Political Representation
Implications of Exchange Theory for Lobbying Strategies
The Role of Private Goods in Lobbying
A Test of the Exchange Model
Summary
9 BUILDING A MODEL OF LOBBYING
The Moose Hunt
Building Coalitions
Building a Model of Lobbying
The Role of Political Institutions and Policymakers’ Costs
Allowing Multiple Winners and Allowing No Winners
Models of Lobbying for Collective Goods
A Model That Includes Private and Collective Goods
Nontechnical Summary of the Lobbying Models
Resource Allocation Between Private and Collective Goods
What Firms Want and the Value of Policy Decisions
A Multivariate Analysis of Lobbying Decisions
Conclusion
A More Formal Presentation
10 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
What Do Interests Want, and What Strategies Do They Use?
Interest Organizations Want Private As Well As Collective Goods
Campaign Contributions
The Decision to Lobby, Cheap Ride, or Free Ride
Policymaking in the Bureaucracy
What Factors Lead to Lobbying Success?
Defend the Status Quo
Seek Private Goods Rather Than Collective Goods
Participate in Established Lobbying Relationships
What Are the Implications of Our Findings for American Democracy?
Questions You Must Answer
APPENDIX: SO YOU WANT TO BECOME A LOBBYIST?
A General Blueprint of Lobbying
Substantive Expertise
Process Expertise: Institutions Matter
People Expertise
Summary
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
BIBLIOGRAPHY
INDEX