دانلود کتاب Making Sense of the ECG

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Cover Title Page Copyright Page Contents Preface to the fifth edition Acknowledgements Author 1. Anatomy and physiology Cardiac activation The cardiac conduction system The cardiac cycle Further reading 2. PQRST: Where the waves come from What does the ECG actually record? How does the ECG ‘look’ at the heart? Where do each of the waves come from? Further reading 3. Performing an ECG recording Initial preparations Placement of the limb electrodes Placement of the chest (precordial) electrodes Einthoven’s triangle Recording the 12-lead ECG Further reading 4. Reporting an ECG recording Patient data Technical data ECG fundamentals ECG details Report summary Further reading 5. Heart rate Is the heart rate below 60/min? Is the heart rate above 100/min? Further reading 6. An approach to heart rhythms Identifying the cardiac rhythm How is the patient? Is ventricular activity present? What is the ventricular rate? Is the ventricular rhythm regular or irregular? Is the QRS complex width normal or broad? Is atrial activity present? How are atrial activity and ventricular activity related? Determining the cardiac rhythm Further reading 7. Supraventricular rhythms Sinus rhythm Sinus arrhythmia Sinus bradycardia Sinus tachycardia Sick sinus syndrome Atrial ectopic beats Atrial fibrillation Atrial flutter Atrial tachycardia AV re-entry tachycardia AV nodal re-entry tachycardia Further reading 8. Ventricular rhythms Ventricular ectopic beats Accelerated idioventricular rhythm Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia How do I distinguish between VT and SVT? Polymorphic ventricular tachycardia Fascicular ventricular tachycardia Ventricular fibrillation Further reading 9. Conduction problems Conduction block at the SA node Conduction block at the AV node or bundle of His Conduction block at the bundle branches Conduction block at the fascicles Escape rhythms Accelerated conduction and accessory pathways Further reading 10. The axis Understanding and measuring the QRS axis Is there left axis deviation? Is there right axis deviation? Is there extreme right axis deviation? Further reading 11. The P wave Are any P waves absent? Are any P waves inverted? Are any P waves too tall? Are any P waves too wide? Further reading 12. The PR interval Is the PR interval less than 0.12 s long? Is the PR interval more than 0.2 s long? Does the PR interval vary or can it not be measured? Is the PR segment elevated or depressed? Further reading 13. The Q wave Are there any ‘pathological’ Q waves? Further reading 14. The QRS complex Are any R or S waves too big? Are the QRS complexes too small? Are any QRS complexes too wide? Are any QRS complexes an abnormal shape? Are epsilon waves present? Further reading 15. The ST segment Are the ST segments elevated? Are the ST segments depressed? Are J waves present? Further reading 16. The T wave Are the T waves too tall? Are the T waves too small? Are any of the T waves inverted? Further reading 17. The QT interval Correcting the QT interval Is the QTc interval long? Is the QTc interval short? Further reading 18. The U wave Do the U waves appear too prominent? Are any of the U waves inverted? Further reading 19. Artefacts on the ECG Electrode misplacement External electrical interference Incorrect calibration Incorrect paper speed Patient movement Further reading 20. ECG interpretation in athletes Normal ECG findings Abnormal ECG findings ‘Borderline’ ECG findings Further reading 21. Pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators What do pacemakers do? Indications for temporary pacing Temporary pacemaker insertion and care Indications for permanent pacing Selection of a permanent pacemaker Pacing and the ECG Pacemakers and surgery Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators Cardiac resynchronization therapy (biventricular pacing) Further reading 22. Ambulatory ECG recording 24-h ambulatory ECG recording Event recorder ECG ‘on demand’ Bedside monitoring/telemetry (inpatient) Insertable cardiac monitor (ICM) External loop recorder (ELR) Smartphone/smartwatch applications Further reading 23. Exercise ECG testing What are the indications for an exercise ECG? What are the risks of an exercise ECG? How do I perform an exercise ECG? When do I stop an exercise ECG? How do I interpret an exercise ECG? Further reading Appendix 1: Glossary Appendix 2: ECG resources Appendix 3: Help with the next edition Index