دانلود کتاب Management of Diabetic Foot Complications

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Preface
Contents
Chapter 1: Foot Complications in Diabetes: The Problem
Background
The At-Risk Foot
Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Foot Complications and Amputation
Diabetic Foot Ulcers: The Economic Impact
The Solution
References
Further Reading
Chapter 2: Screening and Treatment of Early Complications in the Diabetic Foot
Introduction
Need for Foot Care Service
Podiatry Foot Risk Guidance
General Management Approach
At Low Risk
Moderate Risk
At High Risk
Ulcerated/Acute Foot Complication
Initial Presentation: Time is Tissue
Management of the Diabetic Foot
Diabetes Foot Protection Team
Appendix
References
Further Reading
Chapter 3: Emergency Management of the Acute Diabetic Foot: Foot Attack
Introduction
Initial Management
Initial Assessment
History
Examination
Investigations
Management
Surgery
Surgery
Revascularisation
Ongoing Care
Summary
References
Further Reading
Chapter 4: Managing Diabetes in Patients with Foot Complications
Introduction
Available Medications
Diabetes Foot and Diabetes Management
The Acute Presentation
Management of Hyperglycaemia
Recovering from Acute Diabetic Foot Disease
Post Hospital Discharge
Guidelines for Management
Summary
References
Suggested Reading
Chapter 5: Predicting Wound Healing in the Diabetic Foot: Measuring Tissue Perfusion
Introduction
Assessment of Tissue Perfusion
Assessing Tissue Perfusion After Revascularisation
Emerging Methods for Assessing Tissue Perfusion
The Role of Perfusion Assessments in the Classification of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: Imaging the Patient with Foot Complications
Tissue Evaluation
Plain X-ray
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Nuclear Medicine Scintigraphy
Computed Tomography
Ultrasound
Vascular Investigation
Grading Disease
Nephrotoxicity
Ultrasound
CT Angiography
MR Angiography
Digital Subtraction Angiography
References
Chapter 7: Diagnosis and Management of Diabetic Foot Infections
Step 1: Is it Infected? Definition and Challenges
Biological Markers
Step 2. Clinical Evaluation: What Is the Extent and Severity of DFI?
Severity Classification of DFI (+/− ‘O’ Which Indicates Osteomyelitis)
Assess the Risk to the Limb
Assess the Risk to Life
Debride and Probe the Wound
Step 3: Diagnostic Evaluation: Radiological and Microbiological Diagnosis
Radiological Evaluation
Microbiological Sampling and Aetiological Diagnosis
What Is the Most Evidence-Based Sample Type?
Step 4: What Are the Main Considerations in the Management of DFI
Appropriate Location of Management
Antibiotic Therapy
Surgery Versus Antibiotic Management Alone for Osteomyelitis and Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
Intravenous Versus Oral Therapy
Duration of Therapy
References
Chapter 8: Endovascular Revascularisations: When and How
Diabetic Vascular Disease
Treatment Options
Endovascular Treatment
Pre-procedure
Treatment Site
Case Planning
Arterial Access
Sub-intimal Approach
Vessel preparation
Angioplasty or Stent
Iliac Disease
Femoro-Popliteal Disease
Below the Knee Interventions
Drug-Eluting Technologies
Atherectomy
Complications
Post-procedure Care
No Option Patients
Summary
References
Suggested Reading
Chapter 9: Surgical Revascularisation of the Diabetic Foot
Background
Introduction
Goals of Revascularisation
Indications for Revascularisation
Diagnosis of PAD
Non-invasive Techniques in the Vascular Lab
Vascular Imaging Options
Non-invasive Vascular Imaging
Duplex Scan
Computer Tomography Angiography (CTA)
Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)
Invasive Vascular Imaging
Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)
Principles of Revascularisation
Pre-treatment Workup
Surgical Bypass
Choice of Bypass Conduit
The Inflow Vessel
The Outflow Target Vessel
Technical Considerations During Bypass Surgery
Endovascular Therapy
Post-operative Surveillance and Follow Up
Novel Concepts in Revascularisation
References
Further Reading
Chapter 10: Amputation Below the Ankle: How to Ensure the Best Outcome for the Patient
Common Causes of Minor Amputation in Diabetic Foot
History
Medical Assessment
Foot Examination
Investigations
Medical Management
Timing of Minor Amputation
Technical Considerations
Foot Anatomy and Biomechanics
Preprocedural Planning
Equipment
Patient Preparation
Surgical Techniques
Amputation of Toe
Disarticulation of Toe
Ray Amputation
Transmetatarsal Amputation
Chopart Amputation
Pirogoff, Boyd and Syme Amputations
Complications
Post Operative Management
Wound Management
Long-term Outcomes
Summary
References
Chapter 11: Amputation Above the Ankle: Achieving the Best Outcome for the Patient
Who and When to Offer Amputation?
Patient Preparation
Patient Preparation: Pre-operative Assessment
Determination of Amputation Level
Amputation Procedure: General Tips
Amputation Procedure: Trans Femoral amputation
Amputation Procedure: Knee Disarticulation
Equal Flaps
Long Posterior flap
Amputation Procedure: Trans Tibial amputation
Post Operative Care: General Considerations
Post Operative Care: Wound Management
Post Operative Care: Rehabilitation
References
Suggested Reading
Chapter 12: Neuro-osteoarthropathy: The Charcot Foot—Pathology, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Description
History
Names
Causes
Neuropathy
Sensory Neuropathy
Motor Neuropathy
Vasomotor Neuropathy
Loss of Neuropeptide Release
Inflammation
Predisposition to Inflammation in Diabetes
Factors Encouraging Persistence of Inflammation
Other Factors Linked to the Onset of Charcot Disease
Epidemiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
Surgery
Active Phase
Inactive Phase
Major Amputation
Complications
Ulceration and Infection
Psychosocial
Aspects of Long-term Management
Prevention of Late Ulceration
Cardiovascular Risk
References
Further Reading
Chapter 13: The Role of an Orthopaedic Surgeon in the Management of Diabetic Foot Complications
General Assessment of Diabetic Feet
Off-Loading Surgery for Diabetic Foot
Surgical Management of Bone Infection
Charcot Foot Reconstruction
Stage 0: (Shibata)
Stage 1: Inflammation
Stage 2: Coalescence
Stage 3: Reconstruction/Remodelling
References
Chapter 14: Foot Deformity and Pressure Management in the Diabetic Foot
Introduction
Foot Deformity in the Diabetic Foot
Neuropathy
Tissue Glycosylation
Charcot Neuropathic Osteoarthropathy
Minor Amputations
Pressure Management in the Diabetic Foot
Off-Loading Footwear
Future Directions in Off-loading
Surgical Off-Loading
Digital Ulcers
Plantar Forefoot Ulcers
Charcot Foot
References
Chapter 15: Prevention of Recurrent Ulcers: Protecting Lives and Limbs
Overview
Mortality and Cardiovascular Risk Within Prevention Strategies
Effective Interventions to Prevent Recurrent Ulceration
Education, Advice and Adherence
Effective Interventions to Manage Cardiovascular Risks and Tackle Mortality for Those with DFU
Exercise Versus Rest
Communication and CV Risk
For the Individual
Co-production for Awareness Raising
Fear-Based Messaging
Behaviour Change Strategies to Reduce Recurrent DFU and CV Risk
Motivational Interviewing
Conclusion
References
Chapter 16: The Role of the Multidisciplinary Team in the Management of Diabetic Foot Complications and Organisation of Regional Networks and Data Collection
The National Vascular Registry
The National Diabetic Foot Audit
Diabetic Patient in the Community-Prevention and Management
Diabetic Foot Service in Hospital
The GIRFT DM Report
References
Further Reading
Chapter 17: How to Measure Success
What Is the Published Prevalence of Amputation and the Pitfalls of Its Analysis?
Published Data Regarding Amputations
How Do Amputation Rates Vary?
Use of Freely Available Non-peer Reviewed Databases to Measure Success
Measuring Success Through the Structure of Care
Wider Definitions of Success
Diabetic Foot Care as Part of a Wider Wound Care Strategy
Social Determinants of Care
Patient and Staff Experience of Care
Clinical Measures of Success
Conclusion
References
Chapter 18: Medicolegal Aspects in Diabetic Foot Disease: How to Keep Patients Safe, What to Do When Things Go Wrong and How to Avoid Litigation
Thematic Review of Diabetic Foot litigation Cases
Court of Protection
Clinical Negligence
Negligence Test
Claims Liability
Dealing with Negligence Claims
Inquests
Reducing the Risk of Litigation in Diabetic Foot
References
Index