دانلود کتاب Medical statistics : for beginners

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Foreword
Opinion
Contents
About the Author
1: Introduction
2: My Journey from a Rural Surgeon to an Author
3: Understanding Biostatistics, Probability, and Tests of Significance
Skewed Distribution Curve
4: Understanding Basic Statistical Terms
Measures of Central Tendency
Measures of Dispersion or Spread
Variance and Standard Deviation
Confidence Interval and Confidence Level
Errors Type 1 and Type 2 (Alpha and Beta, Respectively)
Factors Increasing Type II Error (False Negativity)
Conditional Probability
Independence
Normal or Gaussian Distribution and Skewed Distribution
5: Tests of Significance
Chi-Square Test or Simply Chi Test
Fisher’s Exact Test
Formula for Fisher’s Test
! Is the Symbol for Factorial
Student’s T Test or Gosset’s Test
One- and Two-Tailed Tests
Paired T Tests
ANOVA
Which Test to Use?
Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon (MWW) Test
Summary
6: Other Commonly Used Concepts
ANalysis Of VAriance (ANOVA)
Rank Test: Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test
Risk and Risk Ratio
Odds
Odds Ratio
Relative Risk Reduction (RRR), Absolute Risk Reduction (ARR), and Number Needed to Treat (NNT)
Correlation: Relation Between Two Factors
Positive Correlation
Negative Correlation
Correlation Coefficient (r)
Regression
Linear Regression
Other Types of Regressions
Logistic Regression
Multiple Regression: To Predict an Outcome
The Poisson Regression (Distribution)
Cox Regression
Survival Analysis
Kaplan–Meier Estimator or Survival Graph
Multivariate Analysis
Power of a Study
7: Designing a Study/Clinical Trial/Dissertation, Etc.
General Considerations
Concerns While Designing a Trial
Negative Results
Teamwork
Phases of Trials: Applies to New Drugs
Some Commonly Used Terms
Parallel Studies and Crossover Study
Planning and Pilot Study
Sample Size
Pilot Study
Collection and Compilation of Data
Data
Types of Study
Data Collection
Bias
Sampling
Sampling Errors and Nonsampling Errors
Data Analysis and Inference
Presentation of Data and Results
Tables
Bar Chart
Pie Chart
Line Chart
Area Chart
Doughnut Chart
Histogram
Difference Between Histogram and Bar Chart
Clinical Audit
Clinical Audit Versus Research
Clinical Audit Is an Ongoing Process
Problems with Audit
Methodology
8: Writing an Article for Journals
Clear Message
Type of the Articles
Quality Indicators of a Journal
Indexing
Impact Factor
Uniform Requirement for Manuscript Submission
What Happens After Submission?
Common Reasons for Rejection of Article or Article Sent Back for Changes (Problems in the Article)
Best Chance of Acceptance
Plagiarism
Peer Review
Copyright
Literature Review
Scholarly Databases
Limitations and Issues
Open-Access Journals
Publish or Perish?
9: Evidence-Based Medicine
What Is EBM?
Why Do We Need EBM?
How?
The Five-Step Approach to EBM
Benefits of EBM
Limitations of EBM
10: Model Example
Postoperative Management Protocol to Be Followed
Results
Paper
Index