دانلود کتاب Metal Contaminated Aquatic Sediments

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Content: Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication
Preface
Table of Contents
1: METALS AND SEDIMENTS: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
1. INTRODUCTION
2. DEVELOPMENT OF METAL RESEARCH WITH RESPECT TO POLLUTION
3. THE HISTORY OF METAL POLLUTION
4. NORMALIZATION OF MEASUREMENT RESULTS
4.1 Extrapolation of regression curves
4.2 Analysis of a relevant particle-size fraction
4.3 Geochemical normalization
4.4 General remark
5. MOBILIZATION OF METALS
6. CIVIL ENGINEERING AND METAL PROBLEMS
7. TERRESTRIAL CONSEQUENCES OF METAL POLLUTION
8. SPECIATION AND QUALITY CRITERIA
8.1 Single extractions 8.2 Sequential extractions8.3 Characterization of anaerobic sediments
9. MANAGEMENT OF DREDGED MATERIALS
REFERENCES
2: METAL CYCLING IN SURFACE SEDIMENTS: MODELING THE INTERPLAY OF TRANSPORT AND REACTION
1. INTRODUCTION
2. SURFACE SEDIMENTS
3. MATHEMATICAL AND NUMERICAL THEORY
4. A MODEL FOR IRON AND MANGANESE IN SEDIMENTS
4.1 Reactive species
4.2 Reactions
4.3 Rate laws
4.4 Transport
4.5 Transport-reaction equations
4.6 Alkalinity and pH
4.7 Boundary conditions
5. SIMULATIONS
5.1 Validation of the numerical model
5.2 Representative sediments
6. CONCLUSIONS
REFERENCES 3: TRACE METAL CHEMISTRY IN POREWATERS1. INTRODUCTION
2 . EXPERIMENTAL
2.1 Sample handling
2.2 Common porewater sampling devices
3. MINERAL FORMATION AND DISSOLUTION PROCESSES
3.1 Mineral formation
3.2 Mineral dissolution
4. FACTORS GOVERNING METAL SPECIATION IN POREWATERS
4.1 Metal oxidation states
4.2 Metals in organic complexes
4.3 Metals in inorganic complexes
5. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
4: METAL ADSORPTION ONTO AND DESORPTION FROM SEDIMENTS: I. RATES
1. INTRODUCTION
2 . MULTIPLE REACTIONS
3. DATA CALCULATION AND PLOTTING
4. RESULTS
4.1 Fu
4.2 Lion et al. 4.3 Kennedy et al.4.4 Partially mixed systems with bulk diffusion
5. THESES CONCERNING CATIONIC METAL ADSORPTION AND DESORPTION
6 . SUMMARY
REFERENCES
5: METAL AND SILICATE SORPTION AND SUBSEQUENT MINERAL FORMATION ON BACTERIAL SURFACES: SUBSURFACE IMPLICATIONS
1. INTRODUCTION
2 . BACTERIAL STRUCTURE AND CELL SURFACE CHEMISTRY
2.1 Gram-positive bacteria
2.2 Gram-negative bacteria
2.3 Other cell surface structures
2.4 Archaeobacterial walls
3. BIOFILMS
4. METAL ION BINDING BY BACTERIAL CELLS
4.1 The influence of cell surface physicochemistry 4.2 Metal ion interaction with bacterial capsules4.3 The metal-binding ability of S-layers
5. MINERAL FORMATION ON BACTERIAL CELLS
5.In situ observations
5.2 Fayetteville Green Lake
6 . METAL ION TRANSPORT AND THE IMMOBILIZATION OF TOXIC HEAVY METALS
REFERENCES
6: DETERMINATION OF REDOX STATUS IN SEDIMENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. REDOX INTENSITY IN IDEAL SYSTEMS
3. REDOX INTENSITY IN DISEQUILIBRIUM SYSTEMS
4. REDOX INTENSITY IN NATURAL SYSTEMS
5. ALTERNATE TECHNIQUES TO MEASURE REDOX INTENSITY
6 . REDOX CAPACITY IN IDEAL SYSTEMS
7. REDOX CAPACITY IN DISEQUILIBRIUM SYSTEMS