دانلود کتاب Michael Foster and the Cambridge School of Physiology: The Scientific Enterprise in Late Victorian Society

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Cover\nContents\nPreface\nAcknowledgments\nList of Abbreviations\nPart 1 : The Background: Foster and English Physiology,1840-1870\n 1. Introduction\n 2. The Stagnancy of English Physiology,1840-1870\n National Styles in Continental Physiology,1840-1870\n The Anatomical Bias of English Physiology\n Anatomical Bias and the Structure of English Medical Education\n The Relative Unimportance of the Anatomical Bias for the Position of English Physiology, 1800-1840\n The Stagnancy Becomes Apparent: Experimental Science and the English Universities, 1840-1870\n Conclusion\n 3. Foster on His Way to Cambridge\n William Sharpey, Foster\'s mentor in physiology\n Voyage to the Red Sea and medical practice in Huntingdon, 1859-1867\n University College and the Call to Cambridge, 1867-1870\nPart 2\r: The Institutional Framework for Foster\'s Achievement\n 4. Foster Meets Cambridge: Trinity College, University Reform, and the Rise of Laboratory Science\n Science at Oxford and Cambridge c. 1870: The Outward Similarities\n Wherein the Difference Lay: Tradition and Trinity College\n Foster, Trinity College, and the Rise of Laboratory Biology in Late Victorian Cambridge\n Conclusion\n 5. The Transformation of Biology in Late Victorian Cambridge: Foster, Huxley, and the Introduction of Laboratory Biology in England\n Biology at Cambridge When Foster Arrived: Babington and Newton\n Foster and Balfour: The Rise of Embryology and Animal Morphology\n Foster, Huxley, and the South Kensington Course in Elementary Biology\n Foster, Martin, Huxley, and the Development of Elementary Laboratory Biology\n Laboratory Biology in England: Where Foster and Cambridge Belong in the Web of Influence\n 6. The Rise of Physiology in Late Victorian Cambridge: Ways and Means, 1870-1883\n Seizing the Transient Moment: Foster, Cambridge, and the Transformation of English Physiology\n Foster\'s Ambassador at Large: George Murray Humphry, Medical Reform, and Physiology\n Enrollments, Bricks, and Mortar: the Growth of Foster\'s Laboratory and Courses, 1870-1883\n Students and Fellowships: Manpower and Resources in the Cambridge School\n Dramatis Personnae: Teaching Personnel in the Early Cambridge School\n \"Work, Finish, Publish\": Foster, Organs of Publication, and the Ideology of Research\nPart 3\r: The Problem of the Heartbeat and the Rise of the Cambridge School\n 7. Foster as Research Physiologist: The Problem of the Heartbeat\n Foster and the Problem of the Heartbeat, 1864-1869\n The Royal Institution Lectures of 1869: Toward a More General Context for Foster\'s Views on the Heartbeat\n The Significance of the Royal Institution Lectures: Rhythmicity and the \"physiological Division of Labour\"\n Foster\'s Later Research on the Problem of the Heartbeat: The Discovery of Nerveless Inhibition in the Snail\'s Heart\n Foster and Dew-Smith, 1876: the Effects of Electric Currents on the Frog\'s Heart\n Foster and the Effects of Upas Antiar on the Frog\'s Heart, 1876\n The Significance of Foster\'s Work on the Heart\n 8. The Problem of the Heartbeat and the Rise of the Cambridge School\n Francis Darwin\n John Newport Langley\n George John Romanes and the Problem of Rhythmic Motion\n Walter Holbrook Gaskell and vasomotor action in skeletal muscle, 1874-1878\n Foster, Gaskell, and the analogy between vasodilation and cardiac inhibition\n Gaskell\'s study of cardiovascular tonicity, 1880\n 9. The Maturation of the Cambridge School: Gaskell\'s Resolution of the Problem of the Heartbeat, 1881-1883\n The Croonian Lecture for 1882: Gaskell on Vagus Action\n Gaskell\'s Defection: Continuous vs. Discontinuous Ganglionic Discharges\n Gaskell\'s Classic Paper of 1883: A Fully Myogenic Resolution of the Problem of the Vertebrate Heartbeat\n Gaskell\'s Cardiological Research and the Cambridge Setting: Toward a Comparative Evaluation of the Contributions of Foster, Romanes, and Gaskell\nPart 4\r: Denouement and Conclusion\n 10. The Growth and Consolidation of the Cambridge School, 1883-1903: Foster in His More Familiar Entrepreneurial Role\n Foster\'s Retreat from the Laboratory\n The Physical Growth of the Cambridge School, 1883-1903\n Research in the Cambridge School, 1883-1903: New Problems and Directions\n Gaskell, Langley, and the Autonomic Nervous System\n Conclusion\n 11. Concluding Reflections\n Toward a \"National Style\" for Late Victorian Physiology\n Speculative Interlude: National Styles and the Problem of the Heartbeat\n Foster and the Rise of the Cambridge School: The Factors in His Success\nAppendices\n I. Foster as \"Inefficient Teacher\": The Debate over Clinical Teaching at Cambridge\n II. Institutional Loci of Research Published in the Journal of Physiology, 1878-1900\n III. Cambridge Graduates and Faculty Who Published Articles in the Journal of Physiology, 1878-1900\n IV. Cambridge University Positions in Physiology, 1870-1910\n V. Cambridge University Positions in Zoology, Comparative Anatomy, and Morphology, 1870-1910\n VI. Cambridge University Positions in Pathology, Bacteriology, Biology, and Pharmacology, 1870-1910\n VII. Cambridge University Positions in Botany, 1870-1910\n VIII. Cambridge University Positions in Other Related Fields: Medicine, Anatomy, Agriculture, Ethnology, Anthropology, and Experimental Psychology, 1870-1910\nIndex of Authors Cited in Footnotes\nGeneral Index