دانلود کتاب Munro’s Statistical Methods for Health Care Research

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Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contributors & Reviewers
Preface
Text Organization
Acknowledgments
Contents
SECTION 1: Obtaining and Understanding Data
CHAPTER 1: Using Research and Statistics in Health Care
OBJECTIVES
HISTORICAL NOTE
UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF EMPIRICAL RESEARCH
TYPES OF RESEARCH STUDIES AND STATISTICS
TEN STEPS TO BUILDING A STUDY PLAN
CHAPTER REVIEW
CHAPTER 2: Organizing, Displaying, and Describing Data
OBJECTIVES
THE NATURE OF STATISTICS
VARIABLES AND THEIR MEASUREMENT
USING DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS AND VISUAL DISPLAYS
RESEARCH QUESTION
USING VISUAL DISPLAYS TO DESCRIBE DATA
DESCRIBING DATA WITH SIMPLE STATISTICS
MEASURES OF KURTOSIS OR PEAKEDNESS
OBTAINING FREQUENCY TABLES, DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS, AND HISTOGRAMS IN SPSS
CHAPTER REVIEW
CHAPTER 3: Key Principles Underlying Statistical Inference: Probability and the Normal Distribution
OBJECTIVES
FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN RESEARCH
PROBABILITY: THE MATHEMATICS THAT UNDERLIES STATISTICS
NORMAL DISTRIBUTION
STANDARD NORMAL DISTRIBUTION AND UNDERSTANDING Z-SCORES
CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM
CHAPTER REVIEW
CHAPTER 4: Hypothesis Testing with Inferential Statistics
OBJECTIVES
RESEARCH QUESTION
FORMULATING HYPOTHESES
TESTING HYPOTHESES
A SIX-STEP PROCESS FOR TESTING HYPOTHESES
COMPUTING THE CONFIDENCE INTERVAL AROUND A MEAN
SUMMARY
CHAPTER REVIEW
SECTION 2: Analyzing the Data
CHAPTER 5: The Independent t Test and the Mann-Whitney U-Test: Measuring the Differences Between the Means of Two Unrelated Groups
OBJECTIVES
OVERVIEW OF THE INDEPENDENT SAMPLES t TEST AND THE MANN-WHITNEY U-TEST
RESEARCH QUESTION
THE INDEPENDENT SAMPLES t TEST: TYPE OF DATA REQUIRED
COMPUTING THE INDEPENDENT SAMPLES t TEST
CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF THE INDEPENDENT SAMPLES t TEST
SAMPLE SIZE CONSIDERATIONS AND POWER OF THE t TEST
MANN-WHITNEY U-TEST
STEP-BY-STEP PROCEDURE FOR COMPUTING THE MANN-WHITNEY U-TEST
CHAPTER REVIEW
CHAPTER 6: The Paired t Test and the Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed Rank Test: Comparing the Means/Medians of Two Related Groups
OBJECTIVES
OVERVIEW OF THE PAIRED t TEST AND THE WILCOXON MATCHED-PAIRS SIGNED-RANK TEST
RESEARCH QUESTION
TYPES OF DATA REQUIRED
ASSUMPTIONS
COMPUTING THE PAIRED t TEST
COMPUTING THE WILCOXON MATCHED-PAIRS TEST
CHAPTER REVIEW
CHAPTER 7: The One-Way ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis H-Test: Comparing the Means of Three or More Unrelated Groups
OBJECTIVES
OVERVIEW OF THE ONE-WAY ANOVA AND THE KRUSKAL-WALLIS H-TEST
RESEARCH QUESTION
TYPE OF DATA REQUIRED
ASSUMPTIONS
ONE-WAY ANOVA
THE ANOVA TABLE
KRUSKAL-WALLIS H-TEST
SUMMARY
CHAPTER REVIEW
CHAPTER 8: Differences Among Group Means: N-Way ANOVA and MANOVA
OBJECTIVES
OVERVIEW OF N-WAY ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE AND MANOVA
RESEARCH QUESTION FOR N-WAY ANOVA
TYPE OF DATA REQUIRED
ASSUMPTIONS
COMPUTING THE N-WAY ANOVA
MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
TYPE OF DATA REQUIRED
ASSUMPTIONS
COMPUTING A MANOVA
SUMMARY
CHAPTER REVIEW
CHAPTER 9: Comparing the Means of Three or More Related Groups: Repeated-Measures ANOVA and Friedman’s ANOVA by Rank
OBJECTIVES
OVERVIEW OF THE REPEATED-MEASURES ANOVA AND THE FRIEDMAN’S ANOVA BY RANK
RESEARCH QUESTION
TYPE OF DATA REQUIRED
REPEATED-MEASURES ANOVA
FRIEDMAN’S ANOVA BY RANK
CHAPTER REVIEW
CHAPTER 10: Comparing Means and Controlling for Covariates: ANCOVA
OBJECTIVES
OVERVIEW OF ANCOVA
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
TYPE OF DATA REQUIRED
ASSUMPTIONS
STEP-BY-STEP PROCEDURE FOR COMPUTING ANCOVA USING SPSS
CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF ANOVA AND REGRESSION TO ANCOVA
SUMMARY
CHAPTER REVIEW
CHAPTER 11: Correlation Coefficients: Measuring the Association of Two Variables
OBJECTIVES
OVERVIEW OF CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS
RESEARCH QUESTION
TYPES OF DATA REQUIRED
ASSUMPTONS
COMPUTING THE PEARSON CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
THE SPEARMAN CORRELATION COEFFICIENT
OTHER TYPES OF CORRELATION
SUMMARY
CHAPTER REVIEW
CHAPTER 12: Examining Cross-Tabulations: The Chi-Square and Associated Statistics
OBJECTIVES
OVERVIEW OF THE CROSS-TABULATION TABLES AND RELATED STATISTICS
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
TYPE OF DATA REQUIRED
ASSUMPTIONS UNDERLYING THE CHI-SQUARE TEST
COMPUTING A CHI-SQUARE STATISTIC
ALTERNATIVE TESTS TO THE CHI-SQUARE TEST
THE McNEMAR TEST
CHAPTER REVIEW
SECTION 3: Model Building and Presentation
CHAPTER 13: Statistical Model Building and Logistic Regression
OBJECTIVES
INTRODUCTION TO MODEL BUILDING
UTILITY OF MULTIVARIATE REGRESSION MODELS
STEPS IN CONDUCTING A MULTIVARIATE REGRESSION ANALYSIS
CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING OF LOGISTIC REGRESSION: ODDS RATIOS, ADJUSTED ODDS RATIOS, RISK RATIOS, AND RELATIVE RISKS
OVERVIEW OF LOGISTIC REGRESSION
RESEARCH QUESTION FOR LOGISTIC REGRESSION
TYPE OF DATA REQUIRED
HOW DOES LOGISTIC REGRESSION WORK?
INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM LOGISTIC REGRESSION MODELS
SUMMARY
CHAPTER REVIEW
CHAPTER 14: Linear Regression
OBJECTIVES
HISTORICAL NOTE
OVERVIEW OF REGRESSION
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
THE LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL
SIMPLE LINEAR REGRESSION
MULTIPLE REGRESSION
INFORMATION OBTAINED FROM LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS
USING SPSS TO OBTAIN A MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION MODEL
APPROACHES TO SELECTING VARIABLES FOR INCLUSION IN MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION MODELS
POWER ANALYSIS
TESTING REGRESSION ASSUMPTIONS/REGRESSION DIAGNOSTICS
SUMMARY
CHAPTER REVIEW
CHAPTER 15: Exploratory Factor Analysis
OBJECTIVES
OVERVIEW OF FACTOR ANALYSIS
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
TYPE OF DATA REQUIRED
ASSUMPTIONS
SAMPLE SIZE
COMPUTING A FACTOR ANALYSIS: SIX MATRICES
STEPS OF A FACTOR ANALYTIC STUDY
COMPUTING A FACTOR ANALYSIS USING SPSS
CONCEPTUAL UNDERSTANDING: AN EXAMPLE FROM THE LITERATURE
SUMMARY
CHAPTER REVIEW
CHAPTER 16: Path Analysis
OBJECTIVES
OVERVIEW OF PATH ANALYSIS
RESEARCH QUESTIONS FOR PATH ANALYSIS
TYPE OF DATA REQUIRED
ASSUMPTIONS
POWER
KEY TERMS
INTERPRETING PATH MODELS: DETERMINING DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS
CONDUCTING A PATH ANALYSIS
SUMMARY
CHAPTER REVIEW
CHAPTER 17: Structural Equation Modeling
OBJECTIVES
OVERVIEW OF STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING
RESEARCH QUESTION
KEY TERMS
TYPE OF DATA REQUIRED
ASSUMPTIONS
CONDUCTING SEM
SUMMARY
CHAPTER REVIEW
CHAPTER 18: Writing and Presenting for Publication
OBJECTIVES
INTRODUCTION
ANATOMY OF A SCIENTIFIC PAPER
ANATOMY OF CONFERENCE PRESENTATONS AND POSTERS
WHAT AUTHORS NEED TO KNOW ABOUT REDUNDANT PUBLICATION
SUMMARY
CHAPTER REVIEW
Glossary
Answers to Chapter Review Questions
CHAPTER ONE
CHAPTER TWO
CHAPTER THREE
CHAPTER FOUR
CHAPTER FIVE
CHAPTER SIX
CHAPTER SEVEN
CHAPTER EIGHT
CHAPTER NINE
CHAPTER TEN
CHAPTER ELEVEN
CHAPTER TWELVE
CHAPTER THIRTEEN
CHAPTER FOURTEEN
CHAPTER FIFTEEN
CHAPTER SIXTEEN
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN
APPENDIX A: Entering Data into SPSS
OBJECTIVES
USING SPSS
DIRECT DATA ENTRY
IMPORTING DATA
APPENDIX B: Percent of Total Area of Normal Curve Between a z-Score and the Mean
APPENDIX C: Distribution of t
APPENDIX D: Critical Values of the U-Statistic
APPENDIX E: Critical Values of the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Statistic
APPENDIX F: The 5% and 1% Points for the Distribution of F
APPENDIX G: Critical Values of H for the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA by Rank
APPENDIX H: Critical Values of Dunn’s Q for Nonparametric Multiple Comparison Testing
APPENDIX I: Exact Distribution of the Friedman’s χ2 for the Friedman’s ANOVA by Rank Comparing Three Related Groups
APPENDIX J: Critical Values of the Pearson Correlation Coefficient
APPENDIX K: Critical Values of the Spearman Correlation Coefficient
APPENDIX L: Distribution of χ2 Probability
References
Index